Poverty and livelihoods after full‐time farming: A South‐East Asian view

Abstract: Drawing on Harold Brookfield's seminal interventions on intensification and disintensification in tropical agriculture, the paper argues that a de‐linking of poverty and livelihoods in rural areas from farming and agricultural resources is occurring in rural South‐East Asia. This is often driven as much by changes in lifestyles and life views than by economic and environmental imperatives. The paper proposes that farming is in the process of losing its resonance and significance for the rural poor. Emerging patterns of change in the South‐East Asian countryside are used to construct a generalised framework of agrarian transition where the current trend towards pluriactivity is likely to be replaced by a mixed landscape of agrarian entrepreneurs, neopeasants and remnant smallholders. The paper concludes by reflecting on the implications of this trajectory for understanding poverty and pro‐poor interventions in the countryside.     

农业科研机构科技创新能力评价平台设计与实现

为给科研机构创新能力评价决策者提供一个科学、便捷的软件工具,研究立足系统科学和管理科学理论,分析了农业科技创新过程,构建了适合农业科研机构的指标评价体系和模型,并研发了基于多源数据的农业科技创新评价分析平台。然后利用该平台将评价指标体系应用于国家级农业科研机构的评价,并根据评价结果将科研机构划分为科技创新型、科学创新型、技术创新型、经营主导型、基础实力型、相对劣势型,并针对每种类型提出了相应的管理措施。     

Institutional frameworks and economic activity: A comparative analysis of regional economies in Thailand,Malaysia and the Philippines

Abstract: It is increasingly recognised that both formal and informal institutions could be important variables in explaining the diversity of capitalist systems. However, less is known about the relative importance of regional institutions for regional economic activity and regional development, especially in developing countries. This article analyses the relative importance of regional institutions to regional capitalist systems in Southeast Asia, using the comparative institutional approach of ‘business systems’. Two comparisons are made that enable an analysis of the relative importance of regional institutions: one between two regional economies in the same country (Cebu and Negros Oriental in the Philippines) and one between two bordering regional economies in different countries (Satun in Thailand and Perlis in Malaysia). We investigate four sets of economic institutions: the extent of alliance coordination of supply and demand, the extent of collaboration between competitors, the extent of alliance coordination of sectors and access to finance. The results suggest that regional economic institutions are stronger in agricultural areas with relatively weak national economic institutions and that the presence of strong and enabling regional economic institutions is one of the factors that lead to taking advantage of favourable agricultural conditions, to economic growth and, ultimately, to catching up.     

磷肥对紫花苜蓿生产力影响的研究概述

随着畜牧业的发展,对苜蓿的种植生产提出了更高的要求。磷肥的有效利用是影响苜蓿生产力的关键因素之一。笔者系统概述了苜蓿缺磷的主要症状,不同地区施磷量和方法对苜蓿生产力的影响,施磷提升苜蓿生产力的途径,苜蓿的磷素吸收机制以及磷素与其他养分及水分互作对苜蓿生产的影响。建议今后针对不同地区的土壤理化性质,特别是有效磷含量,测土施肥,综合不同地区的结果建立气候-土壤-施肥模型,并进一步开展磷素促进苜蓿生长的生理和分子机制的研究,以期为苜蓿研究和产业发展提供有益信息。     

从土壤气候视角解析农业文化遗产地的自然禀赋——以宽城传统板栗栽培系统为例

宽城传统板栗栽培系统是中国重要农业文化遗产,宽城板栗栽培历史悠久,品质优良.为从土壤气候角度解析宽城板栗栽培系统的自然禀赋和不足,利用宽城县基本气象站和自动气象站的观测资料以及专项进行的土壤取样分析数据全面分析了宽城板栗栽培的土壤和气候条件,综合评价了宽城板栗栽培的气候适宜性及其空间分布.结果 表明:宽城板栗林土壤酸碱...