谷胱甘肽对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

选择东北细毛羊×德国肉用美利奴的杂交一代肉羊12只,分成对照组、试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,每组4只,研究谷胱甘肽对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。试验期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,谷胱甘肽显著提高了肉羊的日增重(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别提高了14.6%和11.4%;降低了肉羊的料重比(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别降低了11.0%和8.1%。试验Ⅰ组的净肉率和GR值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的宰前活重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组肉的剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的滴水损失显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而熟肉率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且两试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组宰后45 min内肉的pH没有显著差异(P>0.05),但试验Ⅰ组24 h的pH极显著地高于其他2组(P<0.01)。     

木棉籽油对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济优势的影响

文章旨在评估木棉籽油替代大豆油对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响.试验将500头20?w平均体重为(84.40±0.18)kg的育肥猪随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复50头.对照组饲喂含有1.5％大豆油的基础日粮,处理组饲喂含有0.8％木棉籽油的基础日粮,试验分为0～3?w和4～6?w共42?d.结果:对照组...     

太湖鹅生长和屠宰性能以及肉品质的分析

以国家水禽种质资源基因库引进的太湖鹅为素材,对其生长、生产性能和肉品质进行研究。结果表明:7周龄前,太湖鹅体重在性别间无显著差异,7周龄后公鹅的体重显著高于母鹅的体重;公鹅的宰前活重、屠宰重、半净膛重、全净膛重、肝重、心重显著高于母鹅;母鹅胸肌嫩度显著低于公鹅,其他指标在性别间无显著差异。体重与体尺、屠宰性能、肉品质多数指标存在极显著的正相关。     

不同纤维类型与水平对肉兔消化、生长性能和胴体性状的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮不同纤维类型和水平对肉兔生长性能、养分消化和胴体性状的影响.试验将35日龄断奶、体重一致的128只肉兔随机分为4组,每组32只,每组4个重复.试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,2个纤维水平(低和高可溶性纤维),2个木质素水平(低和高木质素水平).其中,T1组为低可溶性纤维低木质素,T2组为低可溶性纤维高木质...     

肉鸡品种对胴体性状和肉质的影响

本研究将清远麻鸡的两个纯系(A和B)与快速生长型AA肉鸡(C)杂交,在3个月的生长时间中测定了杂交品对肉鸡胴体性状、肌肉成分及氨基酸组成的影响.结果:杂交品系肉鸡的体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌和腹脂重量均显著高于纯种品系(P<0.05).杂交品系肉鸡的肌纤维密度和剪切力较纯种品系显著提高了6.94％和7.98...     

甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响

试验选用体重70 kg左右、日龄相近、体质良好的杜长大三元杂交猪45头,采用单因子随机设计,分为对照组、试验1、2、3、4组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、500、1000、1500、2000 mg/kg甜菜碱的日粮,试验期30 d,研究甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3、4组日均采食量、日增重、屠宰率、瘦肉率、肉色评分、大理石评分显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚度显著降低(P<0.05),试验1组各项指标有所改善,但效果不显著(P>0.05),本试验表明,饲料中添加甜菜碱可提高育肥猪生长性能,改善胴体品质和肉品质,其中添加1500、2000 mg/kg的甜菜碱效果较为理想。     

斜发沸石添加水平对育肥期苏淮猪生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验研究基础日粮中添加不同水平的斜发沸石对育肥期苏淮猪生长性能、肉品质的影响,旨在获得苏淮猪育肥期斜发沸石的适宜添加量。选择体重相近(50 kg左右)、健康的苏淮阉公猪40头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组共4个处理组,每组10头。预试期10 d,所有猪自由采食对照组基础日粮;正试期64 d,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ至Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的斜发沸石。于试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,用于屠宰测定和肉质检测。结果表明:1)第1阶段(体重56~68 kg)和第2阶段(体重83~98 kg),终末体重、平均日增重、料重比均无显著差异;但斜发沸石水平对第1阶段和第2阶段平均日采食量影响显著(P<0.05)并呈线性(P=0.02,P=0.047)二次方升高趋势(P=0.01)。2)对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组苏淮猪的生长曲线拐点分别是:第50.26天86.06 kg、第40.22天87.15 kg、第38.27天89.69 kg和第45.98天89.02 kg;最大日增重分别是0.702、0.743、0.814和0.855 kg/d,说明在饲料中添加斜发沸石后,可延长育肥猪到达生长曲线拐点体重。3)斜发沸石水平对眼肌面积和肌内脂肪影响显著(P<0.05),眼肌面积随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈二次方(P=0.01)变化;肌内脂肪呈线性(P=0.01),二次方(P=0.03)升高;胴体重和系水力分别随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈线性(P=0.07,P=0.09)升高趋势。试验表明:苏淮育肥猪采食量、胴体重和肌内脂肪随日粮斜发沸石添加水平增加呈线性升高,系水力呈线性升高趋势,但眼肌面积随斜发沸石添加水平的升高,呈二次方变化,先升高后降低。因此,添加2%斜发沸石有利于采食量、胴体重和肌内脂升高,有助于系水力降低;但从增加眼肌面积的角度考虑,斜发沸石的适宜添加比例为1%。     

Layers in aviary system: Effects of beak trimming and alternative feed formulation on technical results and egg quality

Although the transition from cage housing to alternative systems commenced more than 20 yr ago, there is still an ongoing need for information supporting system understanding, system development, and genetic selection. Cannibalism remains one of the largest problems in these housing systems. Furthermore, recent developments in feed prices have increased the price of animal feed, raising production costs of eggs. Replacing feedstuffs with cheaper self-grown crops might be a possible solution to lower feed costs. In Belgium, and more specifically, in the Kempen region, corn is a widely grown crop that is usually used for feeding dairy cows, yet a ground mix of dry corn grains and a small part of the cob, known as corn cob mix (CCM), can also be used as poultry feed. In this paper the effect of the fibrous feed CCM on the prevalence of cannibalism on hens with trimmed and untrimmed beaks is investigated. The results show a positive effect of CCM on mortality; nevertheless, the mortality in the groups of untrimmed hens was very high, indicating the importance of beak trimming. Furthermore, a positive effect of CCM on egg weight was observed.     

Effects of different rearing systems on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality and serum biochemical parameters of Chaohu ducks

This study was conducted using a total of 360 22‐day‐old Chaohu ducks to evaluate the effect of rearing system on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and serum parameters of male and female Chaohu ducks. The birds were divided and raised in separate pens according to sex and rearing system, with three replicate pens of 30 male or 30 female ducks per pen for each rearing system. The rearing systems consisted of a floor rearing system (FRS) and a net rearing system (NRS). Results showed that ducks raised in NRS had better growth performance, whereas, ducks raised in FRS exhibited better carcass traits and meat color, and lower intramuscular fat. For the serum parameters, NRS significantly decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol content, and enhanced total protein and triacylglycerol contents. Male ducks had lower abdominal fat percentage, and higher growth performance and shear force, but there were no other significant differences between sexes. No rearing system × sex interaction was observed in the present study, revealing that rearing system had the same effect on both sexes. In conclusion, NRS was beneficial to the growth performance of Chaohu ducks, whereas this system had some negative effects on carcass traits, meat quality and serum profiles.     

Effects of light intensity and beak trimming on preventing aggression in laying hens

This study aimed to investigate the effects of decreased light intensity and beak trimming on aggression prevention in laying hens. In total, 181 White Leghorns were used. At 17 weeks of age, 36 birds were allocated to battery cages (three birds/cage), 36 birds to furnished cages (four birds/cage), and 109 birds were transferred to an aviary. Since aggression increased in the birds from 23 weeks of age (from 0.3% to 6.0%) especially in the furnished cages, , the light intensity during the daytime was decreased to about one‐tenth (from 680 lux to 70 lux) at 28 weeks of age. The birds in the furnished cages then had their beaks re‐trimmed lightly by using a debeaker at 29 weeks of age. Behavioral observations using scanning techniques at 10 min intervals were conducted. Feed intake, bodyweight and feather score were also measured. There was no significant difference in aggression before and after decreasing the light in all three housing systems. On the other hand, the proportion of birds showing aggression decreased significantly just after trimming and four weeks after beak trimming in the furnished cages (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The aggression also became similar to the proportions observed in the battery cages and in the aviary. In proportion to the decreased aggression, the proportion of birds eating significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, their feed intake and bodyweight did not decrease significantly. Against this decreased aggression, the proportion of birds preening significantly increased (P < 0.05). Aggression was observed more frequently at the dust bath in the furnished cages and at the litter floor in the aviary (both P < 0.001). The total feather score for all body parts in the birds in furnished cages increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 25 to 29 weeks of age (at beak trimming), but did not increase significantly from 29 to 33 weeks of age. The increments of neck, breast and tail feather scores in the furnished cages were smaller. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in aggression between just before and after decreasing the light in any housing system. However, aggression in the furnished cages was reduced not only by decreasing the light intensity, but by additional beak trimming. Aggravation of feather conditions – especially at the neck, breast and back – was prevented by the treatment.     

非常规饲料原料日粮对肉牛生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估不同非常规饲料原料替代浓缩料对肉牛生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响。试验选择初始体重为（291.69±5.7）kg的肉牛80头,随机分为4组,每组20头,每头牛为1个重复。对照组肉牛在8周试验期每天自由采食水稻秸秆粗饲料并补充基础浓缩料,处理组肉牛自由采食水稻秸秆粗饲料并分别补充用8%米糠、亚麻籽和葵花粕替代基础浓缩料混合物。结果：与米糠组相比,对照组和亚麻籽组肉牛的平均日增重分别显著提高10.74%和12.40%（P＜0.05）,同时米糠组肉牛的料重比较对照组和亚麻籽组分别显著提高11.69%和15.52%（P＜0.05）。亚麻籽组肉牛的背膘厚度较对照组和米糠组分别显著提高7.84%和8.65%（P＜0.05）。对照组肉牛眼肌C14：0脂肪酸含量显著低于处理组（P＜0.05）,而米糠组肉牛眼肌饱和脂肪酸含量较对照组显著提高16.55%（P＜0.05）,单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低11.95%（P＜0.05）。亚麻籽和葵花粕组眼肌中蛋氨酸含量较对照组和米糠组分别显著提高168%、179.17%和154%、164.58%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,用8%亚麻籽替代浓缩料饲喂肉牛可以提高肌肉蛋氨酸含量,对肉牛生长表现及肌肉脂肪酸组成无负面影响。 [关键词]非常规原料|肉牛|生长性能|胴体性状|肉品质     

Dietary mulberry leaf powder affects growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaves as an alternative source of protein on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 180 Xiangcun Black pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with six pens of six pigs per pen. The pigs were provided with a basal diet or a diet contained 3%, 6%, 9% or 12% of mulberry leaf powder during a 50‐day experiment period. The results showed that dietary mulberry leaf powder had no negative effect on growth performance in Xiangcun Black pigs, except in the 12% mulberry group, where final body weight and average daily gain decreased (p < .05) and feed to gain ratio of the pigs increased (p < .05). Dietary mulberry inclusion decreased (quadratic, p < .05) the back fat thickness, fibre mean cross‐sectional area (CSA) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and mRNA expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb in LD and biceps femoris (BF) muscles, while increased (linear or quadratic, p < .05) the plasma concentration of albumin, levels of crude protein (CP), inosine monophosphate (IMP) and several amino acids in muscle tissues. When compared with the other groups, the 9% mulberry diet increased (p < .05) loin‐eye area and contents of CP and IMP in muscles, while decreased (p < .05) plasma activity of cholinesterase and concentrations of uric acid and urea. The 6% mulberry diet had the lowest fibre mean CSA and shear force and increased total fibre number of the LD muscle, when compared with the other groups. These results suggest that including mulberry in the diet at <12% is an effective feed crop to improve meat quality and the chemical composition of muscle without negatively affecting growth performance.     

四川6个地方猪种的育肥和胴体性能以及肉质和风味物质比较研究

为了研究四川地方猪的种质特性,本试验测定了成华猪、雅南猪、青峪猪、内江猪、丫杈猪和凉山猪6个纯种地方猪的肥育性能、胴体性能、肉质常规理化指标和代谢组(滋味物质和挥发性风味物质)相关肉质指标.结果:丫杈猪的日增重、料重比、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著或极显著地优于成华猪(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),油酸+亚油酸和己醛+壬醛含...     

Effects of commercial premix vitamin level on sternum growth,calcification and carcass traits in meat duck

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin level on sternum growth, calcification and carcass traits in meat duck. A total of 432 1‐d‐old mixed‐sex Cherry Valley ducks (216 males and 216 females) were randomly allocated and fed low‐vitamin level diet (70% NRC vitamin regimen), high‐vitamin level diet (DSM vitamin regimen) or medium‐vitamin level diet (50% low‐vitamin level diet and 50% high‐vitamin level diet). Sternum and serum were harvested after 49 d of feeding. Compared with the low‐vitamin level group, dietary high‐vitamin level increased body weight (BW) at d 49 (p = 0.029) but did not alter all parameters of carcass trait (p > 0.05). Medium‐ and high‐vitamin level increased sternum defatted weight, density, ash and calcium (Ca) concentration (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the medium and high‐vitamin level group significantly decreased the relative proportions of the keel cartilage at 49 d (p < 0.05) and decreased the sternum length and height (p < 0.05) in meat ducks at 49 d. Likewise, high‐vitamin level improved serum Ca and phosphate (P) content (p < 0.05) and declined serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p = 0.003) compared with the low‐vitamin level group. Our study indicates that high‐vitamin level did not affect the examined carcass traits; however, high‐vitamin level improved growth performance and sternum calcification.     

甘草提取物对肉兔生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响

文章旨在评估甘草提取物对肉兔生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响.试验将平均初始体重为(764.45±17.54)g的240只肉兔随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,即对照组和3个处理组分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3、6和9 g/kg甘草提取物.试验进行到12周后开展相关数据记录与样品测定.结果:3 g/kg甘草提取...     

不同梯度发酵豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同梯度发酵豆粕等量替代普通豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响.采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择240头初始体重(61.25±2.31) kg的杜×长×大育肥猪,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复5头猪.对照组育肥猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,5个试验组依次采用5％、7％、9％、11％、13％...     

Ob基因对松辽黑猪肉质和胴体性状的影响

以松辽黑猪为研究对象,分析Ob基因对其肉质和胴体性状的影响。测定30头松辽黑猪的9个肉质性状和6个胴体性状,用PCR-RFLP方法检测Ob基因型。结果显示,松辽黑猪TT基因型平均膘厚比CT基因型低,而肌内脂肪含量、瘦肉率则显著高于后者(P<0.05),其他肉质和胴体性状在Ob基因型间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,Ob基因的TT基因型对猪的肉质和胴体性状具有显著的正遗传效应。     

不同屠宰体重商品猪胴体性能、肉品质及相关关系研究

测定了体重70～140 kg阶段120头商品猪的胴体品质和肉质特性,分析了商品猪胴体性能、肉质性状随体重的变化规律及相关程度,为确定适宜上市屠宰体重提供依据。结果表明:70～100 kg体重阶段,随体重增大,平均背膘厚、眼肌面积、皮脂率、肉色和大理石纹显著升高,后腿比例、瘦肉率、骨骼率、L和b值显著降低。胴体和肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱,相关系数有正有负。相同性状间有较强的正相关,相反性状间有较强的负相关。在70～140 kg阶段,胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率、皮脂率、骨骼率、肉色和L值与体重之间呈显著的回归关系,其他指标与体重间的线性相关不显著。     

低蛋白质日粮对育肥绵羊生长性能、胴体性状及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

本研究旨在研究降低全混合日粮蛋白质水平对育肥期绵羊生长性能、胴体性状及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.试验将32只平均体重为(38.14±0.45)kg的育肥期绵羊随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头.两组绵羊在为期10周的试验期中分别饲喂蛋白质水平为13.5％和8.5％的全混合日粮.结果:将全混合日粮蛋白质水平从13.5％...