One percent sodium carboxymethylcellulose prevents experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in horses

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the efficacy of 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) for prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in horses. STUDY DESIGN--Prospective, controlled, experimental study. ANIMAL POPULATION--Twelve healthy adult horses. METHODS--The effect of 1% SCMC on adhesion formation was evaluated in 12 healthy horses by using an established model of serosal trauma to induce intraabdominal adhesions. After ventral median celiotomy, 2 separate areas of the jejunum were abraded, and three 2-0 chromic gut sutures were placed in each abraded area. Jejunal resection and end-to-end anastomosis was performed at 2 sites distant to the abrasion sites. In treated horses (n = 6), 2 L of 1% SCMC was applied to the intestine before and after intestinal manipulation. In control horses (n = 6), 2 L of saline solution were applied to the intestine before and after surgical manipulation. All horses were euthanatized 10 days after surgery, and the abdominal cavity was evaluated for adhesion formation. The frequency of intraabdominal adhesions between groups was compared with a chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at P <.05. RESULTS--All control horses had intraabdominal adhesions. Fibrous adhesions were associated with both jejunal abrasion sites in 5 control horses. Fibrous adhesions were also associated with 1 or both jejunal anastomotic sites in 5 control horses. Only 1 treated horse developed adhesions at the jejunal abrasion sites, and no adhesions were present at the anastomotic sites in the treated horses. There were significantly fewer adhesions in the SCMC treatment group compared with the control group (P <.05). CONCLUSION--In this experimental model, application of 1% SCMC reduced the frequency of intraabdominal adhesions at areas of serosal abrasion and at jejunal anastomotic sites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE--In horses at an increased risk for developing intraabdominal adhesions after intestinal surgery, the use of 1% SCMC during celiotomy may decrease the frequency of adhesion formation.     

Effects of tetracycline hydrochloride on pleurae in dogs with induced pleural effusion

Pleural effusion was induced in 12 dogs by ligation of the cranial vena cava. Pleurodesis was attempted by injecting a solution of tetracycline hydrochloride into the pleural space of 8 dogs (4 dogs, 25 mg/kg of body weight; 4 dogs, 50 mg/kg) via bilateral thoracostomy tubes. In both groups, tetracycline was diluted in 40 ml of normal saline solution and 10 ml of 1% lidocaine before injection. Half of the solution (25 ml) was instilled in each hemithorax. Four control dogs were treated in the same manner with a solution of normal saline and lidocaine. Daily pleural fluid production was measured after the attempted pleurodesis. Thirty days after administration of the solution, each dog was euthanatized and necropsied. Surface area of pleural adhesions was measured. Tissues from regions of pleural adhesions and areas of parietal and visceral pleura not involved in adhesions were analyzed histologically. Formation of pleural fluid stopped in all but 1 control dog within 48 hours after injection of solution. This dog effused throughout the study. The resolution of effusion was not significantly (P less than 0.05) different between the tetracycline-treated dogs and the control group. Although diffuse pleural adhesions were not induced in any of the dogs, significantly (P less than 0.0027) more surface area of lung was adhered in dogs treated with the higher dose of tetracycline.     

Evaluation of laparoscopic adhesiolysis for the treatment of experimentally induced adhesions in pony foals

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of laparoscopic adhesiolysis in the treatment of experimentally induced adhesions in foals. ANIMALS: 8 healthy pony foals. PROCEDURE: Celiotomy was performed and adhesions created at the jejunoileal junction and at sites 0.5 and 1 m proximal to this junction, using a serosal abrasion method. Ten days after celiotomy, exploratory laparoscopy was performed. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis was performed in the treatment group only (4 foals, randomly selected). Thirty days after the exploratory laparoscopy, a final laparoscopic examination was performed, and the foals were euthanatized. The number and characteristics of abdominal adhesions were recorded during laparoscopy 10 and 30 days after celiotomy and during necropsy. RESULTS: At 30 days after celiotomy, the number of adhesions in the control group was significantly higher than the number in the treatment group. In the control group, all adhesions observed during the exploratory laparoscopy were still evident at the final laparoscopy and necropsy. In the treatment group, adhesions did not form again after separation. During final laparoscopy and necropsy, a focal adhesion between the omentum and site of the initial laparoscope portal was observed in 5 of 8 foals. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The serosal abrasion model is useful for studying abdominal adhesions in foals. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis was an effective technique to break down experimentally induced adhesions in the early maturation stage of formation in pony foals. Studies are required to investigate prevention of de novo adhesions at the laparoscope portal sites.     

Effect of carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronate solutions on jejunal healing in horses

OBJECTIVE: To compare a double-layer inverting anastomosis with a single-layer appositional anastomosis, coated with either 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) or 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (HA) solutions, in the small intestine of horses with respect to anastomotic healing and adhesion formation. ANIMALS: 18 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Midline celiotomy and end-to-end jejunal anastomoses were performed. In control group horses (n = 6), a double-layer inverting anastomosis coated with sterile lactated Ringer's solution was performed. In treatment group horses, a single-layer appositional anastomosis was performed that was coated with 1% carboxymethylcellulose solution (SAA + SCMC group horses, 6) or 0.4% hyaluronate solution (SAA + HA group horses, 6). An additional 500 mL of the respective treatment solution was applied to the jejunal serosal surface, and 2 jejunal serosal abrasion sites were created. Horses were euthanatized 10 days after surgery. Anastomoses and abdominal adhesions were evaluated grossly. Anastomotic healing was evaluated on the basis of bursting wall tension. RESULTS: Bursting wall tension was significantly greater in SAA + SCMC group horses, compared with control group horses. All intestinal segments failed at a point distant to the anastomosis. Significantly fewer adhesions were found at the abrasion sites of SAA + HA group horses, compared with control group horses. No differences were found in adhesion formation at the anastomotic sites among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Coating a single-layer appositional jejunal anastomosis with SCMC or HA solutions does not adversely affect anastomotic healing. Application of 0.4% HA solution to the serosal surface of the jejunum significantly decreases the incidence of experimentally induced intra-abdominal adhesion formation in horses.     

Evaluation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose for prevention of adhesions after uterine trauma in ewes.

Efficacy of a 1% solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) infused into the peritoneal cavity of ewes was evaluated for prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions resulting from surgery of the reproductive tract. Six ewes were assigned to each of 4 groups. Group-1 ewes were controls that underwent ventral midline celiotomy and exploration of the abdominal viscera. Group-2 ewes were treated similarly to group-1 ewes, except that a 1% solution of CMC (14 ml/kg of body weight) was infused into the peritoneal cavity. This group was studied to determine whether CMC would cause changes in the peritoneal cavity. Group-3 comprised ewes representing a uterine trauma model. Ewes underwent abdominal exploration, but in addition had a standard embryo collection technique performed on 1 uterine horn and hysterotomy performed on the opposite uterine horn. Group-4 ewes were treated like group-3 ewes, except that, similar to treatment of group-2 ewes, CMC was infused into the peritoneal cavity. All ewes were euthanatized and necropsied 12 to 14 days after surgery. Abdominal adhesions were evaluated, and an adhesion severity score was assigned to each ewe on the basis of number and severity of the adhesions. Ewes of all groups had abdominal adhesions. Significantly (P less than 0.05) lower adhesion score was observed in ewes given CMC (groups 2 and 4) than in the adhesion model (group 3). Significant difference was not observed in adhesion score when groups 1, 2, or 4 were compared. Though not statistically significant, fewer adhesions were observed in ewes of groups 2 and 4 than in group-1 ewes.     

蒲公英多糖对小鼠免疫器官的影响

从蒲公英中提取多糖,观察其对小鼠免疫机能的影响。30只昆明种小鼠随机分成试验组和对照组,每组15只。试验持续10 d,于试验第3天给试验组小鼠灌服制备的蒲公英多糖溶液,对照组小鼠则以生理盐水灌胃。试验结束后脱颈处死小鼠,剖检,取胸腺和脾脏分别称重,并取适当组织制备切片镜检。结果显示,蒲公英多糖能显著提高脾脏指数和胸腺指数,改善器官内部组织结构,促进小鼠免疫器官的生长发育,有利于提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

Use of a high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose in a tissue protective solution for prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions in ponies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of IP administration of high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose (HMW CMC) for the prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in ponies. ANIMALS: 10 ponies. PROCEDURE: A 1% solution of HMW CMC was instilled intra-abdominally prior to surgery in 5 ponies, whereas 5 control ponies did not receive HMW CMC. Postoperative adhesions were induced by use of a bowel-abrasion method comprising laparotomy, typhlotomy, and abrasion of jejunal serosa at multiple sites with placement of 3 sutures at each site. Day of surgery was day 0. After surgery, ponies were monitored, and hematologic, serum biochemical, and peritoneal fluid analyses were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10. On day 10, ponies were euthanatized. Intra-abdominal adhesions were recorded, and tissue samples were collected for histologic examination. RESULTS: A significantly greater number of adhesions, number of multiple adhesions, and mean incidence of adhesions were identified in control ponies, compared with CMC-treated ponies. Mean peritoneal fluid WBC count on day 7 and serum fibrinogen concentrations on days 5 and 7 were significantly higher in control ponies, compared with CMC-treated ponies. Results of serum biochemical analyses did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intra-abdominal use of 1% HMW CMC during surgery was effective for preventing postoperative adhesions in ponies. Use of HMW CMC did not have detrimental effects on wound healing, intra-abdominal defenses, or patient health. A 1% solution of HMW CMC may be used routinely during abdominal surgery of horses for prevention of postoperative adhesions.     

酸化饮水对断奶獭兔肠道形态及内脏器官发育的影响

 通过在饮水中添加不同量的复合酸,研究不同pH饮水对断奶獭兔肠道形态及内脏器官发育的影响。40只体重相近的35日龄美系白色断奶獭兔按公母各半随机分为4组,每组10只,A组为对照组,饮用自来水;B组饮水中添加0.55%复合酸,pH 5.0;C组饮水中添加0.85%复合酸,pH 4.3;D组饮水中添加3.3%复合酸,饮水pH 3.6。结果表明,与对照组相比,pH 4.3饮水能显著增加脾脏重和脾脏指数（P<0.05）;酸化饮水能提高断奶獭兔其他内脏器官重,改善内脏器官指数,但和对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。酸化饮水可以改善断奶獭兔肠道形态,增加绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度,饮水酸度pH 4.3时可显著增加十二指肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）,并降低空肠肠壁厚度（P<0.05）;饮水酸度pH 3.6时可显著降低回肠肠壁厚度（P<0.05）;酸化饮水对空肠、回肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度和肠壁厚度也有一定改善,以pH 4.3饮水酸度改善最好,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。结果显示,酸化饮水可以在一定程度上改善断奶獭兔内脏器官发育和肠道形态,其中以pH 4.3改善效果最好。     

Fibrinolytic Responses of the Equine Peritoneum to Abdominal Surgery,Surgical Trauma,and Intraperitoneal Sodium Hyaluronate

Postoperative abdominal adhesions are known to present clinical challenges to the surgeon. Adhesion formation is a balance modulated by the fibrinolytic system. The key components involved are the tissue plasminogen activators (tPAs) and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). Sodium hyaluronate (HA) has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of adhesions in horses. The objectives of this study were to measure tPA and PAI-1 activity in equine peritoneum and evaluate the effect of 0.4% HA solution on local tPA and PAI-1 activity. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and local serosal trauma was induced by using an established abrasion model. Our study involved two groups: in the first group (n = 6) 0.4% HA was used in all intestinal manipulations, whereas in the second group (n = 6) sterile saline was used. Parietal peritoneum, jejunal seromuscular biopsies at abraded sites (AJ) and nonabraded sites, and peritoneal fluid samples were taken at time 0- and at 30-minute intervals up to 120 minutes. Peritoneum tPA activity was significantly decreased at 60 and 90 minutes. Interestingly, AJ contained significantly higher tPA activity than nonabraded sites at 30-, 60-, 90-, and 120-minute intervals in control horses. The increase in tPA activity with AJ in treated (HA) horses was significantly attenuated as compared with the control (saline). Detectable levels of PAI-1 activity could not be identified in our samples. The results of our study indicate that exploratory celiotomy in horses is associated with a significant decrease in peritoneal tPA activity, and HA significantly decreases the fibrinolytic response of the jejunum to surgical trauma. Further characterization of these responses will hopefully lead to new pharmacologic strategies for adhesion prevention.     

Evaluation of Postoperative Peritoneal Lavage in Standing Horses for Prevention of Experimentally Induced Abdominal Adhesions

Objective —To evaluate the postoperative use of peritoneal lavage for prevention of experimentally induced intraabdominal adhesions in horses.
Study Design —Areas of serosal abrasion were created on the jejunum of 12 horses. Postoperatively, six horses had peritoneal lavage, and six horses did not (controls). The number of adhesions was determined at necropsy 2 weeks after surgery.
Animals or Sample Population—12 horses.
Methods —Five sites of jejunal serosal abrasion were created in each horse. A 32 French thoracic catheter was placed into the right ventral aspect of the abdomen before closure of the abdominal incision. Treated horses had abdominal lavage with 10 L of lactated Ringer's solution on four occasions, then catheters were removed from all horses 34 hours after celiotomy. Horses were necropsied at 2 weeks to quantify the number of intraabdominal adhesions.
Results —All control horses and one treated horse developed intraabdominal adhesions. The number of adhesions was significantly less ( P <.0293) in treated horses. No adverse inflammatory reactions appeared to be associated with repeated peritoneal lavage using lactated Ringer's solution or use of an abdominal drain.
Conclusions —Peritoneal lavage reduced the frequency of intraabdominal adhesions.
Clinical Relevance —When postoperative adhesions are likely to develop, postoperative peritoneal lavage may decrease the frequency of adhesion formation.     

蛋氨酸限制与补偿对羔羊生长性能及内脏器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸限制与补偿对羔羊生长性能及内脏器官发育的影响。选取12对1周龄断奶的湖羊双胞胎公羔羊,采用配对试验设计,每对双胞胎羔羊分别分到2组中。第1阶段,2~8周龄,分别补充[基础代乳粉+0.70%蛋氨酸,基础开食料+0.40%蛋氨酸,对照(control,CON)组]和限制蛋氨酸[基础代乳粉,基础开食料,限制(restriction,RES)组];第2阶段,9~12周龄,2组羔羊饲喂相同的饲粮(基础开食料+0.40%蛋氨酸)。在8和12周龄末,各选取6对双胞胎羔羊进行屠宰,分离内脏器官并称重。结果表明:1)8周龄,RES组的体重显著低于CON组(P0.05);2~8周龄,RES组平均日增重极显著低于CON组(P0.01),而RES组料重比显著高于CON组(P0.05);9~12周龄,2组平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)8周龄,RES组的宰前活重、空体重、胴体重均显著低于CON组(P0.05),但2组间的屠宰率无显著差异(P0.05);12周龄,RES组和CON组宰前活重、空体重、胴体重、屠宰率均无显著差异(P0.05)。3)8和12周龄,2组的各内脏器官在重量、占宰前活重比例均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)8周龄,RES组的瘤胃重量显著低于CON组(P0.05),其余各胃肠道指数均无显著差异(P0.05);12周龄,2组间各胃肠道指数也无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,限制饲粮蛋氨酸水平降低了羔羊瘤胃重量、生长性能和屠宰性能,恢复饲粮蛋氨酸水平后,羔羊生长性能及内脏器官发育状况也随之恢复。     

Comparison of two laparoscopic treatments for experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in pony foals

OBJECTIVE: To compare laparoscopic dissection with-laparoscopic dissection combined with abdominal instillation of ferric hyaluronate gel for the treatment of experimentally induced adhesions in pony foals. ANIMALS: 12 healthy pony foals. PROCEDURE: A serosal abrasion method was used to create adhesions at 4 sites on the jejunum (day 0). At day 7 laparoscopy was performed and the adhesions observed in each foal were recorded. In group-1 foals (n = 6), the adhesions were separated laparoscopically (treatment 1). In group-2 foals (n = 6), 300 mL of 0.5% ferric hyaluronate gel was infused into the abdomen after the adhesions were separated laparoscopically (treatment 2). At day 24, terminal laparoscopy was performed and the adhesions observed were recorded. Total number of adhesions within each group was compared between day 7 and 24. Data were analyzed to determine whether an association existed between the number of adhesions on day 24 and treatment type. RESULTS: At day 24, the number of adhesions was significantly decreased within each group, compared with the number of adhesions at day 7 (group-1 foals, 10 vs 22 adhesions; group-2 foals, 3 vs 20 adhesions). Treatment 1 was associated with a significantly higher number of adhesions at day 24, compared with treatment 2 (odds ratio, 4.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 23.02). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Abdominal instillation of 0.5% ferric hyaluronate gel after laparoscopic dissection was a more effective technique than laparoscopic dissection alone to treat experimentally induced adhesions in pony foals. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis following abdominal surgery in foals is a safe and effective technique.     

饲粮营养限制对早期断奶湖羊羔羊生长性能以及内脏器官发育的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮营养限制对早期断奶湖羊羔羊生长性能以及内脏器官发育的影响。选取64只17日龄湖羊羔羊随机分为4组,分别为对照(CON)组、20%蛋白质限制(PR)组、20%能量限制(ER)组、20%蛋白质和能量同时限制(BR)组,每组4个重复,每重复4只羔羊,公母各占1/2。预试期4 d,正试期40 d。记录羔羊开食料和代乳品的采食量,于40和60日龄时每重复屠宰1只羔羊,测定羔羊内脏器官重量。结果表明:1)PR组、BR组21~40日龄,PR组、ER组和BR组41~60日龄的平均日增重显著低于CON组(P0.05);试验组21~40日龄,PR组和BR组41~60日龄料重比显著高于CON组(P0.05)。2)40日龄时PR组、ER组和BR组的羔羊肝脏重及其占宰前活重比例、瘤胃重及其占复胃重比例均显著低于CON组(P0.05);60日龄时ER组和BR组肝脏重及其占宰前活重比例、瘤胃重及其占复胃重比例均显著低于PR组与CON组(P0.05)。综合得出,蛋白质限制抑制21~60日龄断奶羔羊生长性能的发挥,抑制断奶早期(21~40日龄)内脏器官的发育,能量限制抑制断奶羔羊内脏器官发育,尤其是肝脏和瘤胃的发育。     

泰和鸡早期(0～12周龄)内脏器官生长发育规律的研究

选用0日龄泰和鸡3 10只(其中10只于0日龄屠宰)随机分成6组,每组5 0只(公母各半) ,喂以同一日粮饲养至12周龄。每隔2周对泰和鸡进行称重,每组随机抽取公母鸡各1只(共1 2只)进行屠宰解剖,测定各内脏器官的重量。结果表明,内脏器官的发育峰期在8周龄以前,但各内脏器官的生长发育速度不一致。心脏、肝脏、肺、腺胃、胰腺、小肠的发育早于其他内脏器官的发育,全消化道、小肠、肌胃、胰腺、肝脏的发育早于体重的发育     

Evaluation of a bioresorbable hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane for prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in horses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a bioresorbable hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA-membrane) for prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMAL POPULATION: Twelve healthy adult horses. METHODS: The effect of an HA-membrane on adhesion formation was evaluated in 12 healthy horses using an established model of serosal trauma to induce adhesions. A ventral median celiotomy and two jejunal resections and end-to-end anastomoses were performed. Two separate jejunal areas were abraded, and three 2-0 chromic gut sutures placed in the abraded areas. In treated horses (n = 6), HA-membranes were applied to the jejunum to completely cover the anastomoses and abraded areas of jejunum. Nontreated horses (n = 6) served as controls. All horses were killed 10 days after surgery. The abdominal cavity was evaluated for adhesion formation. The frequency of intra-abdominal adhesions between groups was compared with a chi2 test with statistical significance set at P < .05. RESULTS: All control horses had intra-abdominal adhesions; fibrous adhesions were associated with both jejunal abrasion sites in 5 horses. One treated horse developed adhesions. There were significantly fewer adhesions in the HA-membrane-treated group (P < .0034). CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model, application of an HA-membrane to a localized area of serosal trauma reduced the frequency of intra-abdominal adhesion formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Application of an HA membrane may decrease the frequency of adhesions in horses at an increased risk of postoperative adhesion formation.     

Melanosis in a Holstein heifer

A case of Melanosis in a Holstein heifer is described in this report. Many of the visceral organs, diaphragm and skeletal muscles have got dark-brown to black and diffuse pigmentation in different diameters on their surfaces and cuts. Microscopically, brown to black coloured pigment containing cells were detected in the heart, lung, liver, spleen and muscle tissues. After depigmentation process, it was seen that the normal histological structure of the organ disappeared in these pigmented region. There were large, vesicular and macrophage-like cells with small nuclei. In immunohistochemical staining, HMB45 was strongly positive in many tissues.     

Prevention of Intraabdominal Adhesions in Ponies by Low-dose Heparin Therapy

An ischemic bowel model was used to stimulate adhesion formation in eight ponies. Heparin (40 USP u/kg) or saline was administered intravenously at surgery and was continued subcutaneously every 12 hours for 48 hours to evaluate the efficacy of heparin in preventing intraabdominal adhesions. Ponies were euthanatized after 6 weeks, and postmortem examinations were performed. A statistically significant difference was found between the heparin-treated and the control groups. Adhesions developed in three of four control ponies, and adhesions did not develop in three of four heparin-treated ponies. None of the adhesions resulted in clinical disease. In this study, heparin decreased the formation of adhesions in ponies after experimentally induced intestinal ischemia.     

Response of pony peritoneum to four peritoneal lavage solutions

Peritoneal lavage was performed on ponies to determine the effect on peritoneal surfaces. Lavage solution (20 L) was introduced into each pony's peritoneal cavity through catheters placed in the paralumbar fossa, and the solution was removed by drainage from the ventral portion of the abdomen. Six ponies each were lavaged with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, sterile saline solution containing 5 X 10(6) U of potassium penicillin and 3 g of neomycin or povidone-iodine diluted to 3% by volume with sterile saline solution, and 3 ponies were lavaged with povidone-iodine diluted to 10% with sterile saline solution. Peritoneal lavage catheters were inserted in 3 control ponies, but lavage fluids were not administered. Peritoneal fluid specimens were collected at 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after lavage. Nucleated cell counts, RBC counts, total protein determinations, and cytologic analysis were performed. The ponies were euthanatized at 96 hours, and representative sections of the peritoneum were examined. Lavage with saline solution and saline solution with antibiotics induced a mild, transient inflammatory response in the peritoneal fluid, with minimal or no changes observed at necropsy. Solutions containing povidone-iodine induced chemical peritonitis, which was severe in ponies lavaged with 10% povidone-iodine solution. Peritoneal lavage with povidone-iodine solutions as dilute as 3% cannot be accomplished without causing inflammation of peritoneal surfaces.     

Prevention of ischaemia-induced small intestinal adhesions in foals

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Treatments addressing variously theorised pathophysiological mechanisms of small intestinal adhesions have been reported. This study applied those classes of treatments to the most clinically relevant aetiology of post operative adhesions. HYPOTHESIS: Treatments addressing the pathophysiology of ischaemia-reperfusion induced adhesions would accordingly reduce the incidence of adhesions from this model. METHODS: Four classes of treatments were administered for 72 h to 16 foals subjected to complete ischaemia followed by reperfusion to create peritoneal adhesions. These groups were: 1) FPG group--flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg bwt i.v., divided q.i.d.), potassium penicillin G (22,000 iu/kg bwt i.v., q.i.d.) and gentamicin (2.2 mg/kg bwt i.v., t.i.d.); 2) HEP group--heparin (80 iu/kg bwt subcut., b.i.d.); 3) DMSO group--dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) (20 mg/kg bwt [diluted in 500 ml normal saline] i.v., b.i.d.); and 4) SCMC group--sodium carboxymethylcellulose (500 ml 3% sterile solution intraperitoneally, administered only at the beginning of surgery). RESULTS: Post operative intestinal obstruction did not occur in any foal. After 10 days, necropsy revealed bowel-to-bowel adhesions in none of the FPG or DMSO groups, in 2/4 of the SCMC group, in 3/4 of the HEP group and 5/6 foals subjected to the procedure without treatment (UIR group). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of the inflammation associated with ischaemia and reperfusion in foals treated with FPG or DMSO decreased small intestinal adhesions in foals. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Although anti-inflammatory therapy was shown to eliminate bowel-bowel adhesions in this controlled study, it must be remembered that clinical cases are without control. These therapies are advised to improve the result but are unlikely to eliminate the problem.     

甘油和海藻糖对低温保存精液品质的影响

为了研究低温保存下海藻糖和甘油对牛精液品质的影响,本试验选取了宁夏四正生物技术公司的健康荷斯坦种公牛的精液,在低温保存液里分别添加5%的甘油以及0.028mol/L、0.014mol/L、0.0416mol/L的精液保护剂海藻糖为试验组,以不添加试剂的低温保存精液为对照组,对保存不同时间的精液品质进行测定。结果显示添加甘油的试验组精子活力低于对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。海藻糖浓度为0.0416mol/L组的精子畸形率低于对照组及其他海藻糖组,并且差异显著（P〈0.05）;海藻糖组与对照组精子活力相比,在24h、48h、72h时差异不显著（P〉0.05）;在96h、216h、240h时差异显著（P〈0.05）,其活力下降明显。