长生牌鹿茸片急性毒性及增强免疫力实验研究

目的研究长生牌鹿茸片的急性毒性反应及增强免疫力的作用。方法将小鼠禁食(不禁水)16 h后,经口灌胃给予受试物,灌胃后观察并记录14天内动物的体重、中毒症状及死亡情况,以此考察小鼠急性毒性反应;以厂家日推荐摄入量剂量的5、10和30倍设置灌胃剂量,以蒸馏水作阴性对照组,各组小鼠连续灌胃30天后,以迟发型变态反应组指标以及小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞组指标来考察增强免疫力的作用。结果急性毒性反应中各小鼠均未见明显症状,也无死亡;增强免疫力实验,中、高剂量组的受试物能增强小鼠的迟发型变态反应、对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力无影响。结论长生牌鹿茸片无明显的急性毒性反应,属无毒级;具有增强免疫力作用。     

长生牌鹿茸片抗疲劳及大鼠30天喂养试验研究

为检测长生牌鹿茸片的抗疲劳功能及安全性,通过大鼠30天喂养试验观察和小鼠负重游泳试验,确定长生牌鹿茸片对大鼠各项指标的影响,及其短期毒性作用及抗疲劳功能。试验选用SPF级Wistar大鼠,雌雄各40只,随机分为低、中、高剂量组及对照组,每组雌雄各10只,连续喂养30天后对大鼠各项指标进行检测观察。选用SPF级ICR雄性小鼠40只,末次给予受试物30 min后,置小鼠在游泳箱中游泳,记录小鼠自游泳开始至死亡时间。结果表明30天喂养试验对照组及各剂量组大鼠的生长发育良好、无死亡,未观察到任何异常;体重增长、食物利用率、血常规、血生化等指标及脏体比均在正常范围内,无显著性差异(P0.05);高剂量组大鼠肝、肾、脾、睾丸、卵巢未见病理改变。小鼠负重游泳试验表明长生牌鹿茸片能延长小鼠负重游泳时间而对小鼠增重无影响。综上所述,在本实验条件下,长生牌鹿茸片对大鼠30天喂养无短期毒副作用且具有抗疲劳功能。     

灵芝超微粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察灵芝超微粉对小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能的影响。方法清洁级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照组及灵芝超微粉低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。对照组每日灌胃给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠20ml/kg,灵芝超微粉低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予灵芝超微粉0.5、1.0、2.0mg/kg,每日1次,连续灌胃30天。计算小鼠胸腺、肝脏和脾脏系数,测定小鼠廓清指数K,吞噬指数α,T淋巴细胞转化功能,NK细胞活性和血清溶血素生成。结果灵芝超微粉能明显增强小鼠脏器系数,廓清指数和吞噬指数,提高NK细胞活性,促进血清溶血素生成和T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结论灵芝超微粉具有增强小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能的作用。     

乌龙茶和茉莉花茶对小鼠免疫功能的影响

乌龙茶和茉莉花茶对小鼠的免疫功能试验结果表明,10%乌龙茶或茉莉花茶灌胃均能引起小鼠的胸腺缩小。1%花茶灌胃,小鼠的脾淋巴细胞自发性~3H-TdR掺入及 Con A 刺激的淋巴细胞转化率均明显增高,但乌龙茶与10%茉莉花茶则未见这种作用。10%乌龙茶能抑制小鼠SRBC溶血素抗体的产生,而花茶对抗体的产生影响不大。1%花茶可使小鼠外周血 ANAE 阳性细胞增多。此外,还对茶叶影响机体免疫功能的机理进行了讨论。     

西洋参五味子口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察西洋参五味子口服液对小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能的影响。方法清洁级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照组及西洋参五味子口服液低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。对照组每日灌胃给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠20ml/kg,西洋参五味子口服液低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予西洋参五味子口服液5、10、20ml/kg,每日1次,连续灌胃30天。计算小鼠胸腺、肝脏和脾脏系数,测定廓清指数K,吞噬指数α,血清溶血素生成,T淋巴细胞转化功能和NK细胞活性。结果西洋参五味子口服液能明显增强小鼠脏器系数,廓清指数和吞噬指数,促进血清溶血素生成和T淋巴细胞增殖反应,提高NK细胞活性。结论西洋参五味子口服液对小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能均具有增强作用。     

茶多糖对小鼠血糖、血脂和免疫功能的影响

研究了从粗老茶中提取的茶多糖对小鼠血糖、血脂和免疫功能的影响。结果表明：腹腔注射５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ茶多糖有明显降低血糖的作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）；对血清胆固醇和血清甘油三酯影响不大，但有提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的效果；每天连续口服２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ茶多糖，有增强免疫功能的作用。急性毒性试验表明，２４ｈ内腹腔注射总量１．０ｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ，未发现小鼠对茶多糖有中毒反应     

园参与林下山参对小鼠免疫功能影响的比较

目的考察园参与林下山参对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法将正常的小鼠随机分成7组,即:对照组,园参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.17、0.34、0.51g生药/kg)组,10年以上林下山参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.17、0.34、0.51g生药/kg)组,每组10只,连续灌胃给药30天后,处死小鼠。观察各组小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果园参原粉和林下山参原粉高剂量组显著增加正常成年小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数:园参原粉和林下山参原粉大、中剂量显示出提高巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率。结论人参对于免疫器官重量及指数、脾淋巴细胞的增殖、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率有一定的提高作用,并且林下山参活性强于园参。     

贝参特牌西洋参三七胶囊对氢化可的松所致免疫低下小鼠的影响

目的观察贝参特牌西洋参三七胶囊(APC)对氢化可的松所致小鼠免疫功能低下的调节作用。方法清洁级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及APC低、中、高剂量组,每组40只。对照组及模型组每日灌胃给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠20ml/kg,药物组分别灌胃给予APC0.25、0.5、1.0g/kg,每日1次,连续灌胃30天。除对照组外,各组均于给药第24、26、28、30天皮下注射氢化可的松40mg/kg,建立小鼠免疫功能低下模型。计算小鼠胸腺、肝脏和脾脏系数,测定小鼠廓清指数K,吞噬活性α,T淋巴细胞转化功能,NK细胞活性,血清溶血素生成及血清TNF-α和IL-6含量。结果APC能明显增强小鼠脏器系数、廓清指数和吞噬指数,提高NK细胞活性,促进血清溶血素生成和T淋巴细胞增殖反应,提高血清TNF-α和IL-6含量。结论APC对小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能均具有增强作用。     

人参地黄桑葚片对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探索人参地黄桑葚片对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法将雄性ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、人参地黄桑葚片高剂量组(2.250g/kg)、人参地黄桑葚片中剂量组(0.750g/kg)、人参地黄桑葚片低剂量组(0.375g/kg),每组15只,连续灌胃人参地黄桑葚片30天,称量各组小鼠免疫重量并计算器官指数、测定绵羊红细胞(SRBC)诱导的迟发型变态反应(DTH)、自然杀伤(NK)细胞的活性、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞(CRBC)的吞噬能力。结果人参地黄桑葚片高、中、低剂量组均能显著增加小鼠胸腺指数及脾脏指数(P0.05);人参地黄桑葚片高、中剂量组能显著增强小鼠NK细胞活性及SRBC诱导的小鼠DTH(P0.05);人参地黄桑葚片高剂量组能显著提高腹腔巨噬细胞对CRBC的吞噬作用及Con A诱导的脾淋巴细胞的增殖力(P0.05)。结论人参地黄桑葚片对小鼠的免疫器官指数、NK细胞活性、腹腔巨噬细胞对CRBC的吞噬作用、Con A诱导脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力以及SRBC诱导的小鼠DTH具有的提高作用。     

茶对人体肠道免疫功能的影响

茶叶对肠道疾病的疗效,古医书中早有记载.宋·陈承重《广补注神农本草》中有“茶治伤暑,合醋治泄痢,甚效”的记载.宋·杨登文《仁齐区指》中记载:“姜茶治痢,不问赤白,冷热用之皆良,苏东坡以此治久潞公有效.”宋·陈师文《太平宋徽宗圣济总录》中记有;“治霍乱烦闷,茶末一钱服之即安.”以上记载都说明了茶对人体肠道疾病的治疗作用.近代医学研究进一步证明茶不仅对某些肠道传染病有治疗作用,还能通过提高肠道免疫功能而兼具预防作用.     

5年生种植人参对成年小鼠免疫器官、细胞吞噬功能及自然杀伤细胞的影响

目的探讨不同工艺制备的人参食用对成年小鼠免疫器官、细胞吞噬功能及自然杀伤细胞的影响。方法正常成年ICR小鼠随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组20只,连续灌胃给药1个月后,每组分别处死10只小鼠、2各月后每组再处死10只小鼠。观察各组小鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、自然杀伤(NK)细胞的杀伤率。结果水提取物、乙醇提取物大剂量显著增加正常成年小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数;水提取物、乙醇提取物大、中剂量显示出提高巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞(CRBC)的吞噬率和吞噬指数及小鼠自然杀伤细胞对L929细胞的杀伤率的趋势。结论人参对于免疫器官重量及指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数、自然杀伤细胞率有一定的提高作用。     

人参二醇组皂苷的降糖作用研究

通过皮下注射肾上腺素和高脂饮食伴小剂量链尿菌素建立实验性高血糖模型,测定人参二醇组皂苷治疗性给药后动物的空腹血糖值及肝糖原含量。结果表明,人参二醇组皂苷50、100、200mg/kg对皮下注射肾上腺素所致的小鼠高血糖及舌下静脉注射链尿菌素引起的大鼠高血糖均有明显降低作用,并可提高肾上腺素所致高血糖小鼠的肝糖原含量,提示人参二醇组皂苷对实验性高血糖具有降低作用。     

Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis on nicotine-induced convulsion in mice

Epilepsy an important CNS (central nervous system) problem that about 1% of world's population suffer of it. The aim of study was to evaluate of anticonvulsant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis. In this study, anticonvulsant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis (L. officinalis) was studied against chemoconvulsant-induced seizures in male mice. Lavandula officinalis (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg(-1)), diazepam (0.15 mg kg(-1)) and normal saline (10 mL kg(-1)) were injected intraperitoneally, respectively in different groups of mice, 30 min before nicotine (5 mg kg(-) i.p.). The onset time intensity and duration of convulsions and the percentage of death were recorded. Also the time-response (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min before nicotine injection) for most effective dose of plant extract (600 mg kg(-1)) was investigated. The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula officinalis had anticonvulsant effect. The most effective dose of plant extract was 600 mg kg(-1). In time-response study for the most effective dose of extract (600 mg kg(-1)), the onset, duration and intensity of convulsion significantly (p < 0.05) increased, decreased and decreased, respectively for all tested times. The best response observed in 30, 45 and 60 min. The results showed significant anticonvulsant effect for hydroalcoholic extract of Lavandula.     

Polysaccharide isolated from fermented barley activates innate immune system and anti-tumor metastasis in mice

To develop novel functional ingredients, a polysaccharide called BF-E2-P was purified from fermented barley and its antitumor activity was investigated. In the experimental lung metastasis model of colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells, intravenous administration of BF-E2-P (500 μg/mouse) 2 days before inoculation resulted in inhibition of metastasis by about 76%, and the extent of inhibition was dose-dependent. To demonstrate the anti-metastatic activity of BF-E2-P, we tested whether BF-E2-P could activate the innate immune system. Stimulation of macrophages by BF-E2-P resulted in cytokine production. In a co-culture of macrophages and cancer cells, BF-E2-P altered the pattern of cytokine production, suggesting that BF-E2-P affects the polarization of macrophages. In addition, intravenous administration of BF-E2-P augmented the natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cancer cells. It also increased the production of IFN- γ and granzyme B. In conclusion, BF-E2-P activates NK cells and macrophages, resulting in the enhancement of host-defense against tumor growth.     

Effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the liver of Clock-mutant mice

In humans, chronic ethanol consumption leads to a characteristic set of changes to the metabolism of lipids in the liver that is referred to as an "alcoholic fatty liver (AFL)". In severe cases, these metabolic changes result in the enlargement and fibrillization of the liver and are considered risk factors for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Clock-mutant mice have been shown to display abnormal lipid metabolism and alcohol preferences. To further understand the potential interactions between ethanol consumption, lipid metabolism, and the circadian clock, we investigated the effect of chronic ethanol intake on the lipid metabolism of Clock-mutant mice. We found that ethanol treatment produced a number of changes in the liver of Clock-mutant mice without impacting the wild-type controls. First, we found that 8 weeks of exposure to ethanol in the drinking water increased the weight of the liver in Clock-mutant mice. Ethanol treatment also increased triglyceride content of liver in Clock-mutant and wild-type mice. This increase was larger in the mutant mice. Finally, ethanol treatment altered the expression of a number of genes related to lipid metabolism in the Clock-mutant mice. Interestingly, this treatment did not impact circadian clock gene expression in the liver of either genotype. Thus, ethanol produces a number of changes in the liver of Clock-mutant mice that are not seen in the wild-type mice. These changes are consistent with the possibility that disturbance of circadian rhythmicity associated with the Clock mutation could be a risk factor for the development of an alcoholic fatty liver.     

Effect of diltiazem on retention and retrieval of memory in young and aged mice

Diltiazem (DTZ) is widely used in the prophylaxis of hypertension and treatment of angina. The effects of DTZ and other calcium channel blockers on memory have been discussed with several procedures and different theories have been suggested. In the present study, the effect of DTZ on retention and retrieval of memory in young and aged mice was investigated by using the passive avoidance apparatus. For this purpose, after weighting, coding and classifying the mice, they were grouped as follow: test group received electric shock plus DTZ (10 and 30 mg kg(-1), i.p.), blank group received electric shock plus normal saline and control group received only electric shock. In all three groups delay time of leaving the platform for both retention and retrieval test of memory was measured. DTZ was administered immediately after receiving electric shock in the retention test, but in retrieval test DTZ was administered 24 h after receiving electric shock. The results indicated that 30 mg kg(-1) of DTZ impaired retention and retrieval of young mice memory. The 30 mg kg(-1) of DTZ enhanced retention while 10 and 30 mg kg(-1) of it improved retrieval of aged mice memory.