参红补血颗粒对血虚型血管内皮功能障碍小鼠的作用研究

目的探讨参红补血颗粒(SBG)对血虚型血管内皮功能障碍(VED)小鼠模型的血管内皮保护作用,阐明其相关作用机制。方法通过腹腔注射环磷酰胺联合乙酰苯肼法建立血虚型VED小鼠模型,随机分为VED组、阳性对照组、SBG高剂量组、SBG中剂量组和SBG低剂量组,以腹腔注射等量生理盐水小鼠作为对照组。观察小鼠脏器指数,外周血象指标,HE染色法观察小鼠胸主动脉组织病理形态学,试剂盒检测血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量和胸主动脉组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,Western blotting法检测胸主动脉组织中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κBp65、ICAM-1蛋白表达量。结果与VED组比较,阳性对照组及SBG高、中、低剂量组小鼠胸腺指数显著升高,脾脏指数明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),RBC、HGB、HCT、WBC、PLT水平显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),GSH-Px和SOD水平显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),TLR4、MyD88、NF-κBp65、ICAM-1明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论SBG可以通过抑制TLR4信号通路,降低炎症因子水平,减轻氧化应激损伤,达到保护气滞血瘀型VED小鼠血管内皮的作用。     

参红补血颗粒对乙酰苯肼/环磷酰胺再生障碍性贫血模型动物造血功能及造血因子Multi-CSF、EPO含量的影响

目的观察参红补血颗粒对乙酰苯肼/环磷酰胺再生障碍性贫血模型动物造血功能及造血因子Multi-CSF、EPO表达的影响,探讨参红补血颗粒对造血功能的促进作用及相关机制。方法采用乙酰苯肼/环磷酰胺复合因素复制再生障碍性贫血动物模型,血液分析仪检测动物外周血红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞比容(HCT)、血小板(PLT)的变化;酶联免疫法检测动物血清多能集落刺激因子(Multi-CSF),促红细胞生成素(EPO)的含量。结果参红补血颗粒各给药组动物外周血RBC、HGB、HCT、PLT计数明显高于模型组(P﹤0.05或P﹤0.01),血清Multi-CSF和EPO含量高于模型组(P﹤0.05)。结论参红补血颗粒对模型动物的造血功能有促进作用,提示其改善造血功能可能与提高造血因子水平有关,其详尽机制还待于系统研究。     

参红补血颗粒对血虚证模型动物血清T淋巴细胞亚群标记物CD3、CD4、CD8分子表达的影响

目的观察参红补血颗粒对乙酰苯肼/环磷酰胺血虚证模型动物血清CD3、CD4、CD8表达的影响,探讨参红补血颗粒改善免疫功能的相关机制。方法采用乙酰苯肼/环磷酰胺复合因素复制血虚证模型,酶联免疫法检测动物外周T淋巴细胞亚群标记物CD3、CD4、CD8分子表达的变化。结果参红补血颗粒各给药组动物血液CD3、CD8含量明显高于模型组(P﹤0.05,0.01),参红补血颗粒高剂量组动物CD4含量明显高于模型组(P﹤0.05)。结论参红补血颗粒可增加与免疫功能调节有关的细胞因子的表达,调节血虚证模型动物的免疫功能。     

参红补血颗粒含药血清对脂多糖诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的作用研究

目的 探讨参红补血颗粒(SBG)含药血清对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的保护作用,阐明其相关作用机制。方法 采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导HUVECs建立炎症损伤模型,分为正常对照组、脂多糖(LPS)组、5%SBG含药血清高、中、低剂量组。采用MTT法检测HUVECs的细胞活力,ELISA法检测HUVECs上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,Western blot法检测HUVECs中TLR4、MyD88、ICAM-1蛋白表达水平。体内实验利用环磷酰胺和乙酰苯肼联合造模法建立血虚型血管内皮功能障碍(VED)模型小鼠,采用ELISA法检测各组小鼠血清中内皮素(ET-1)、血栓素B2(TXB2)、6酮前列腺素F1a(6-keto-PGF1a)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)。结果与正常对照组比较,5%含药血清孵育的SBG高、中、低剂量组细胞存活率均无明显变化(P>0.05),10%和20%含药血清孵育的SBG高、中剂量组细胞存活率均显著降低(P<0.05);与LPS组比较,5%SBG含药血清高剂量组TNF-α、IL-6水平明显下降(P<0.05),TLR4、MyD88、ICAM-1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);与VED组小鼠比较,阳性对照组、SBG高剂量组小鼠NO和6-keto-PGF1a水平显著升高,ET-1、TXB2和vWF水平明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论 参红补血颗粒含药血清通过调控TLR4信号通路,抑制炎症反应,减轻HUVECs炎症损伤,起到保护内皮细胞的作用。     

灵芝超微粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察灵芝超微粉对小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能的影响。方法清洁级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照组及灵芝超微粉低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。对照组每日灌胃给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠20ml/kg,灵芝超微粉低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予灵芝超微粉0.5、1.0、2.0mg/kg,每日1次,连续灌胃30天。计算小鼠胸腺、肝脏和脾脏系数,测定小鼠廓清指数K,吞噬指数α,T淋巴细胞转化功能,NK细胞活性和血清溶血素生成。结果灵芝超微粉能明显增强小鼠脏器系数,廓清指数和吞噬指数,提高NK细胞活性,促进血清溶血素生成和T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结论灵芝超微粉具有增强小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能的作用。     

松塔多糖对小鼠运动耐力的影响

目的探讨松塔多糖对小鼠运动耐力的影响。方法随机分组按高、中、低剂量连续7天给药后,考察小鼠在疲劳转棒仪上的持续运动时间及运动后小鼠肝糖原含量的变化,以此作为考察松塔多糖对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果松塔多糖的中、高剂量组均能显著延长小鼠在疲劳转棒仪上的停留时间,松塔多糖的高、中、低三个剂量均能提高小鼠的肝糖原含量。结论松塔多糖具有较好的提高小鼠运动耐力的作用。     

白茶对小鼠血清红细胞生成素水平的影响

在以往的研究中,曾发现白茶能促进正常和血虚小鼠ＣｏｎＡ刺激的脾淋巴细胞转化反应〔１〕,促进正常和血虚小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）〔２〕,和促进正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌集落刺激因子（ＣＳＦｓ）〔３〕,表明白茶有增强机体细胞免疫和骨髓造血功...     

88104保健茶对小鼠体内外脂质过氧化的影响

本文观察了88104保健茶对小鼠体内外脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,该茶在体外能抑制正常小鼠肝脑组织匀浆过氧化脂质生成。该茶口服能降低老年和成年小鼠心、肝、脑组织中过氧化脂质含量。提示88104保健茶有保护机体免受过氧化脂质的侵害,延缓衰老作用。     

西洋参五味子口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察西洋参五味子口服液对小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能的影响。方法清洁级ICR雄性小鼠随机分为对照组及西洋参五味子口服液低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。对照组每日灌胃给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠20ml/kg,西洋参五味子口服液低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃给予西洋参五味子口服液5、10、20ml/kg,每日1次,连续灌胃30天。计算小鼠胸腺、肝脏和脾脏系数,测定廓清指数K,吞噬指数α,血清溶血素生成,T淋巴细胞转化功能和NK细胞活性。结果西洋参五味子口服液能明显增强小鼠脏器系数,廓清指数和吞噬指数,促进血清溶血素生成和T淋巴细胞增殖反应,提高NK细胞活性。结论西洋参五味子口服液对小鼠非特异性及特异性免疫功能均具有增强作用。     

Influence of Nigella sativa fixed oil on some blood parameters and histopathology of skin in staphylococcal-infected BALB/c mice

Nigella sativa has been used for a long time in Jordanian folk medicine to treat skin diseases like microbial infections and inflammation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the healing efficacy of petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa seeds (fixed oil) on staphylococcal-infected skin. Male BALB/c mice were infected with 100 microL of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) suspension at a dose of 10(8) colony forming unit/mouse into shaved mild dorsal skin. Application of treatments for each group (100 microL sterile saline, 100 microL chloramphenicol (10 microg/mouse) and Nigella sativa fixed oil at a dose of 50, 100 or 150 microL/mouse) was performed at the site of infection twice a day for two consecutive days after 3 h of infection. At day 3 and 5 after infection, total White Blood Cells (WBCs) count; differential and absolute differential WBC counts and the number of viable bacteria present in the skin area were measured. At day 5 after infection, the animals were sacrificed and the histology of skin was examined. Results indicated that fixed oil of Nigella sativa seeds enhance healing of staphylococcal-infected skin by reducing total and absolute differential WBC counts, local infection and inflammation, bacterial expansion and tissue impairment. These effects provide scientific basis for the use of Nigella sativa in traditional medicine to treat skin infections and inflammations.     

小粒大豆播种深度初探

选用“通农 14”百粒重 10g的小粒大豆种子 ,按 1～ 6cm不同深度播种 ,结果表明小粒大豆播种深度以 2～ 3cm深度处理为最佳播种深度。方差分析结果表明 ,不同播种深度处理间差异达到极显著水平 (F65 2 5 ※※ >F0 0 1=5 65 )。     

Influence of environmental temperature during grain filling period on granule size distribution of rice starch and its relation to gelatinization properties

High temperature (HT) is the major environmental factor affecting grain starch properties of cooking rice cultivars. However, little information has been available on the effect of environmental temperature on the starch granule size distribution of rice grains. In this paper, five indica rice genotypes, including the wild type (9311) and its four mutants differing in amylose content (AC), were used to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the starch granule size distribution, as well as its relation to AC and gelatinization properties of rice starch. Two temperature treatments (HT and NT) at filling stage were imposed to rice plants under the controlled temperature chambers. The result showed that HT increased the average diameter of starch granules and enhanced the proportion of large starch granules (LSG, D > 2.6 μm) by number, volume and surface area, respectively. However, influence of HT on GT and starch granule size distribution was relatively independent of their alteration in AC level for different rice genotypes. Therefore, HT-induced increase in the average diameter of starch granules and LSG percentage was strongly responsible for the higher starch gelatinization temperature and inferior cooked palatability of HT-ripening rice grains, which be not inherently associated with their varying AC level.     

Effect of endosperm starch granule size distribution on milling yield in hard wheat

Increased flour yield in hard wheat is associated with increased endosperm rheology index, calculated from strength and stiffness as measured by the SKCS. A study of the fractured endosperm of hard wheat varieties grouped according to similar rheology index values was performed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Differing microstructures and fracture patterns were observed between each group. Specifically, the group representing high rheology index had a greater concentration of small starch granules in prismatic cells. Samples of diverse wheat germplasm were grown at two sites and subjected to laboratory milling. Starch granule size distribution (SGSD) analysis using a laser diffraction method was undertaken on a subset of samples in triplicate representing a range in flour yield. The results supported an hypothesis for a significant influence of SGSD on flour yield of hard wheat varieties. In addition, a significant part (R²>0.40 (p<0.05) at two sites) of the association appeared to be under genetic control. Results indicate a more even gradation of distributions involving an increase in the sample volume % of small granule (types B and C) and decrease in type A granules. This was associated with increased rheology index values and higher flour yield. The ratio of type A:C starch granules accounted for up to 58% (p<0.05) of the variation in flour yield in the samples studied. Thus, rheological parameters measured using a rapid SKCS screening method can be linked to the genetic regulation of SGSD with implications for the improvement of commercial processing performance of hard wheat.     

植物缺镁研究进展

本文综述了镁在植物中的传导和运输以及缺镁胁迫对植物生长、活性氧代谢、光合作用、同化物分配和基因表达等方面的影响,并提出尚待解决的问题。     

Genome-wide association mapping of starch granule size distribution in common wheat

Starch is a crucial component in wheat endosperm and plays an important role in processing quality. Endosperm of matured wheat grains contains two distinct starch granules (SG), referred to as larger A- and smaller B-granules. In the present study, 166 Chinese bread wheat cultivars planted in four environments were characterized for variation in SG size. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the 90 K SNP assay identified 23 loci for percentage volumes of A- and B-granules, and 25 loci for the ratio of A-/B-granules volumes, distributing on 15 chromosomes. Fifteen MTAs were associated with both the percentage volumes of A-, B-granules and the ratio of A-/B-granules volumes. MTAs IWB34623 and IWA3693 on chromosome 7A and IWB22624 and IWA4574 on chromosome 7B associated with the percentage volumes of A- and B-granules consistently identified in multiple environments were considered to be stable. Linear regression analysis showed a significantly negative correlation of the number of favorable alleles with the percentage volumes of A-granules and a significantly positive correlation between the number of favorable alleles and the percentage volumes of B-granules, respectively. The loci identified in this study and associated markers could provide basis for manipulating SG size to obtain superior noodle quality in wheat.     

Effect of pre-cooking in potato granule production by a freeze-thaw process

Summary Steam-cooked potatoes pre-cooked for 20 min at 70 C were firmer than those cooked without pre-treatment. The product remained intact and required a greater force for subdivision into smaller aggregates. Excessive cell damage was sustained during the mashing step of the freeze-thaw (F-T) process, resulting in a gluey mash which could not be easily processed into granules. The pectic substances of the potatoes with pre-treatment were less solubilized than those cooked without. This suggested that they were made more resistant to thermal degradation by pre-cooking, resulting in greater intercellular cohesion and less rarefaction of the cell wall during subsequent cooking. Cell separation was poor in the following F-T process. Electron photomicrographs showed that precooking gelatinized the starch and that the cell wall remained unseparated.

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Zusammenfassung Ged?mpfte Kartoffeln, 20 Minuten bei 70±1 C vorbehandelt, wiesen eine festere Konsistenz auf als solche ohne Vorbehandlung (Tab. 2). Dieses Produkt blieb eher intakt und es erforderte mehr mechanische Arbeit, um es in kleinere Bruchstücke zu zerteilen, die eine Vorbedingung des Gefrier-Tau-Verfahrens (G-T-Verfahren) sind. Dies verursachte gr?ssere Sch?den, die zur Bildung eines klebrigen Breis führten (Tab. 3), der mit dem G-T-Verfahren nicht zu Granulat verarbeitet werden konnte. Trotz einiger ?nderungen des Verfahrens, z.B. l?ngeres Pürieren und tiefere Trocknungstemperatur, war die Ausbeute an Granulat gering und die Anzahl der verletzten Zellen hoch (Tab. 1). So behandelte Kartoffeln zeigten eine geringere L?slichkeit pektinartiger Verbindungen (672.2 mg Galakturonide pro 100 g Trockenmasse) als ged?mpfte Kartoffeln ohne Vorbehandlung (1106 mg/100 g Trockenmasse). Das D?mpfen allein schien alle pektinartigen Substanzen in L?sung zu bringen, w?hrend ein Drittel des Pektins ungel?st blieb, wenn die Kartoffeln vorbehandelt wurden (Tab. 4). Dies l?sst vermuten, dass durch die Vorbehandlung die pektinartigen Substanzen gegen weitere Hitzeeinflüsse resistent werden, was zu einer Verminderung des Verlustes des interzellul?ren Zusammenhaltes sowie einem verminderten dünner werden beim darauffolgenden D?mpfen führt. Deshalb war das Kartoffelgewebe fester als dasjenige, welches nicht vorbehandelt wurde. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten, dass das Vorkochen die St?rke gelatinisierte und die Zelle lose füllte, w?hrend die meisten Zellw?nde aneinander haften blieben (Abb. 2 und 3). Da die Bindungskr?fte zwischen den Zellen sogar nach dem D?mpfen gut erhalten blieben, war die Zellabspaltung im darauffolgenden G-T-Verfahren gering (Abb. 8–11).

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Résumé Les pommes de terre cuites à la vapeur après avoir subit une précuisson pendant 20 min à 70±I C sont plus fermes que celles obtenues sans précuisson (tableau 2). Un tel produit a tendance a rester intact et demande une plus grande action mécanique pour être reduit en particules plus petites lors de la mise en purée par la méthode requise lors du procédé ‘freezethaw’ (F-T). Ceci entraine des domages importants des cellules, rendant la purée collante et impropre à la granulation lors du procédé F.T. (tableau 3). Même par le biais de quelques modifications du procédé, e.g. un malaxage plus long de la purée et une température de séchage inférieure, le rendement en granules reste faible et le nombre de cellules broyées trés élevé (tableau 1). Les pommes de terre subissant ce traitement présentent une faible solubilisation des substances pectiques (673.2 mg d’uronide par 100 g de matière sèche) comparé aux pommes de terre cuites sans précuisson (1106 mg/100 g de matière sèche). La cuisson à la vapeur semble solubiliser à elle seule toutes les substances pectiques utilisables alors qu’un tiers de la pectine reste insolubilisée lorsque le produit a subit une précuisson (tableau 4). Ceci suggère que la précuisson rend les substances pectiques plus resistantes à toute dégradation thermique successive, diminuant la perte de liaisons entre les cellules et raréfiant la séparation des parois cellulaires lors de la cuisson. Donc, les tissus obtenus sont plus fermes que ceux qui n’ont pas re?u de prétraitement. Des photos au microscope électronique montrent que la précuisson gélatinise l’amidon qui remplit alors tout le volume cellulaire tandis que la plupart des parois cellulaires restent liées les unes aux autres (figures 2 et 3). Les forces de liaison entre cellules restant donc importantes même après cuisson à la vapeur, la séparation des cellules est mauvaise lors des étapes suivantes du procédé F-T (figures 8 à 11).

     

金菠萝在海南尖峰的引种表现

菠萝新品种金菠萝为海南万钟实业有限公司于2007年从菲律宾引种,在海南尖峰镇试种。通过调查和跟踪试验,总结金菠萝在海南尖峰的引种表现和优质高产高效栽培技术。金菠萝表现为植株高大,叶片较长,叶缘无刺,生长力强;果实呈圆筒形,产量可达60 t/hm2,可食用部分多;可溶性糖18.83 %,可溶性固形物19.44%,Vc 363.19 mg/kg,可滴定酸2.46%,品质极高;全生育期平均16个月,单造大小行栽培管理,四季均可种植。金菠萝适应性极强,可在海南大面积辐射种植。     

Influence of tryptophan supplementation of soy-based infant formulas on protein quality and on blood and brain tryptophan and brain serotonin in the rat model

A 2-wk feeding study with weanling rats was conducted to investigate theeffects of tryptophan supplementation of soy-based infant formulas on proteinquality and on the levels of blood and brain tryptophan and brain serotoninand 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid), a metabolite of serotonin. Thepowder and liquid concentrate forms of soy-based infant formulas obtainedfrom four manufacturers were tested. The tryptophan contents of the testsoy-based formulas (10.0–12.3 mg/g protein) were considerably lower comparedto those of human milk (17–19 mg/g protein). The infant formulas were fedas the sole source of protein in diets containing 8% protein, 20% fat, 5%cellulose and adequate amounts of minerals and vitamins. In general, supplementation of the diets containing test formulas with graded levels ofL-tryptophan (0.1 or 0.2%) had no effect on protein quality indices basedon rat growth such as PER (protein efficiency ratio), NPR (net protein ratio)and relative NPR (RNPR), but resulted in significant (p<;0.05) increases inthe concentrations of tryptophan in the plasma and brain, and serotonin and5-HIAA in brain of rats. The increased concentrations of brain tryptophan and5-hydroxyindoles (serotonin + 5-HIAA) in rats fed tryptophan-supplementedformulas compared to those fed unsupplemented formulas support the need forfurther research to investigate the influence of tryptophan supplementationof soy-based infant formulas on tryptophan metabolites and their potentialrelated effects on sleep latency and neurobehavioral developments in infants.