实验动物剖腹产专用传递舱的设计与应用

笔者研发了一种装配方便、操作简便、生物安全级别高的新型实验动物剖腹产专用灭菌传递舱。该设备不仅安全实用、操作简单,更为关键的是可以将实验动物子宫体快速转入无菌环境中,同时能够对实验动物子宫体表面进行灭菌。     

目前我国SPF鸡隔离器使用现状、存在问题与对策

简述了隔离器使用的历史及现状,分析了目前隔离器使用过程中存在的问题,规范了隔离器使用的操作程序,提出了GMP车间的配套隔离器动物房的空气可以不净化的新观点,对合理使用隔离器提出以下建议:注意隔离器的质量问题、使用隔离器房间的空气净化,隔离器使用操作程序,高效过滤器的使用,隔离器的洗刷及消毒间的配备,SPF鸡运输隔离器的使用和自动饮水器的清洁等.     

"SARS""研究-猴用负压隔离器研制获得重大进展

黑龙江灵鼠科技开发有限责任公司是一家专门从事实验动物笼器具和隔离器研制和生产的专业公司,该公司科研人员在猴用负压隔离器研究方面获得重大进展,他们最新研制的“LSI-HY-Ⅰ型猴用负压隔离器”已为国家有关部门“SARS”攻关研究使用。     

一种实验动物无菌隔离器传递窗内帽的设计与应用

研发一种新型的无菌隔离器传递窗内帽,有利于操作者快速地将内帽扣严在传递窗内端或者将内帽从传递窗内端摘下,操作方便省力。本实用新型设计简单合理,能够保证隔离器密闭性完好,避免隔离器被微生物污染。     

无菌剖腹产获取SPF小型猪

1材料与方法1.1实验动物(1)临产小型母猪23头,中国农业大学小型猪实验场提供的中国实验用小型猪,黑色,孕期100±12天。(2)SPF小型猪(经无菌剖腹产出生的小型仔猪)153头。1.2设备与器械手术隔离器、立式隔离器、寄养隔离器、氟烷吸入麻醉机、手术台:丹麦产。1.3主要试剂、消毒剂及消耗品(1)过氧乙酸A液、B液:国产,用时现配。(2)寄养用奶:市售超高温消毒牛奶。(3)乳酸菌奶:将纯牛奶15磅高压灭菌,用SPF化验室保存的乳酸杆菌菌种接种培养制成。1.4消毒灭菌方法通风过滤设备通过干热灭菌;手术隔离器、立式隔离器、寄养隔离器、隔离器通道、寄…     

实验动物隔离器内的小气候变化

针对冬季隔离器内的小气候变化规律,找出它的变化特点,为实验动物的饲养提出合理的调控方法。试验通过三种不同处理,有鸡隔离器、无鸡隔离器、对照,对其进行温度、湿度和CO2变化情况进行观测并对观测结果进行分析比较。结果表明:(1)隔离器内的温湿度及CO2的变化与鸡的活动量大小关系密切;(2)隔离器内的气象要素变化规律与气温的变化规律不一致,一天中最高温度出现的时间早于气温的最高温度时间,相对湿度一天中的最高值早于气温中最高值的出现时间,但是同一隔离器内的温湿变化规律与空气内的变化规律相同;(3)有鸡隔离器内的CO2浓度远远高于空气中的浓度和无鸡隔离器内的CO2浓度;有鸡隔离器内的CO2浓度与鸡的活动量和取食时间有关,活动量小时CO2浓度小,活动量大时CO2浓度大,鸡取食时间CO2浓度大;(4)隔离器内的气象要素在一定程度上受外界环境的影响。     

浅谈鸡负压隔离器的安装及使用

鸡隔离器是一个小的密闭屏障系统,为SPF鸡饲养和禽病实验而设计,分为正压和负压隔离器2种,隔离器的主体由上下两部分和活动支架组成,可在运输或清洗时拆卸,并在使用时能够很方便地组装。鸡用隔离器是为SPF鸡词养和禽病实验而设计,因此其外形尺寸和内部结构,都是从伺养和实验的合理性和易操性的角度考虑而确定的。适宜维鸡生长繁育,可饲养成龄鸡12~18只。将操作人员从无菌实验室里解放出来,无须频繁更换工作服。无须庞大的净化系统支持,大大降低运行成本,可在一般的洁净环境中任意移动。     

国内首台全封闭式SPF猪运输车正式投入使用

正近日,由中国农科院哈尔滨兽医研究所和哈尔滨维科生物技术有限公司等单位共同设计和改装的国内首台全封闭式SPF猪运输车正式投入使用。该运输车设计首先从满足实验动物质量控制和实验动物福利两大基本原则为出发点,同时兼顾满足其它不同品种SPF级和无菌实验动物的运输要求。该运输车风道设计采用初、中、高三级过滤系统,可加装车载运输隔离器和IVC笼架,从而形成移动的     

大批量血清学检验工作快速作业的探索

各级实验室均需要进行大批量的血清学检测试验,林州市动物疫病实验室在血清学快速作业方面进行了流水线作业模式的探索,结果证明,只要精心组织,测算好每个实验环节的时间,血清学试验完全可以像工厂的流水线一样进行大批量快速的试验操作。     

注射式麻醉技术在实验犬中的应用研究进展

<正>麻醉是利用药物或其他的方法改变或抑制神经、体液的活动,从而达到消除痛觉目的,为手术治疗或检查治疗提供条件。做好动物实验的前提和关键是持续而有效的麻醉效果,目前实验动物的麻醉较常使用的是药物麻醉,按照作用药物的种类可将麻醉分为注射式麻醉和吸入式麻醉。理想的麻醉剂应当具有易于操作、提供快速和充足的麻醉维持、没有副作用、可以逆转以及对动物和操作人员无害等特点。但是,这样的麻醉剂比较稀少,因此最佳的麻醉选择也需要根据不同实验的需求来确定。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.