返魂草的药理作用及人工栽培技术

返魂草,包括菊科千里光属两种植物,即麻叶千里光和单叶返魂草。麻叶千里光(又称宽叶返魂草):Senecio Canna bifolius Less的全草。主要分布在我国痛的功效[1],在民间被广泛用于病毒性感冒、炎症的治疗。单叶返魂草:Senecio Senecio canna bifolius less-var.integrifolius(Kiod     

返魂草适宜采收期的研究初探

返魂草为菊科多年生须根草本植物,药用返魂草有单叶返魂草（Seneciocannabifolius？Less．var．integrifolius．kitag）和宽叶返魂草,宽叶返魂草的别名——麻叶千里光（Senecio Cannabifolius Less）。     

柳河县英玮中药材种植专业合作社返魂草生产标准操作规程

返魂草生产标准操作规程,本规程规定返魂草从选地、整地、播种育苗、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收、初加工、包装、贮藏、运输等全过程的各个环节。适用于通化市、白山市区域范围内种植的单叶返魂草Seneiocannabifolius Less.var.integrifolius(koidz.)Kitag)或麻叶千里光(宽叶返魂草)(Seneciocannabifolius Less)的主产区。     

返魂草优质高产栽培技术

正返魂草为菊科千里光属植物麻叶千里光Senecio cannabifolius Less.和单叶返魂草S. cannabifolius Less.vat. Integrifolius (Koidz.) Kitam.的干燥地上全草,又名宽叶返魂草,俗称牛尾巴蒿。多年生须根草本植物,味苦、平,清热解毒、散血消肿、下气通经。用于瘀血胀痛、跌打损伤。民间常用于治疗感染性疾病。临床主要用于清热祛痰,止咳平喘。适用于急慢性呼吸道感染,     

返魂草的人工栽培技术初探

返魂草为多年生须根草本植物，药用返魂草有单叶返魂草（Senecio cannabifolius Less．var．integrifolius．kitag）和宽叶返魂草，宽叶返魂草的别名——麻叶千里光（Senecio Cannabifolius Less）。株高60cm-150cm，根状茎斜生，须根多数、茎直立、无毛，上部多分枝，单叶互生，中部叶较大，长10～20cm，宽8cm～15cm，裂片披针形，先端渐尖，边缘有密锯齿，侧裂片2对或1对，较小，头状花序多数、生茎顶或枝端，排列成复伞房状，总苞筒状，背面有毛，舌状花8个～10个，黄色，舌片长圆状条形，筒状花多数、瘦果圆柱形，有纵沟，花期7月～8月，果期9月～10月。     

返魂草育苗关键技术

<正>返魂草是以宽叶返魂草与单叶返魂草的地上干燥全草入药,其中单叶返魂草在长白山区分布最广,是返魂草药材来源的主流品种。返魂草水煎醇沉液提取出对羟基苯乙酸等九种酚酸类成分有较强的抑菌活性,其中咖啡酸和绿原酸为抗病毒有效成分。有多家制药企业用返魂草单方制剂生产颗粒剂、胶囊     

大豆种子抗老化鉴定的方法研究

选用遗传差异相对较大的皖豆24、皖豆25(杂交品种)及合豆3号的种子,在温度为40℃、湿度为85%的条件下老化处理4、8和12 d,研究加速老化过程中不同基因型大豆种子成苗率、发芽率、电导率及单株幼苗干重的变化规律。结果表明:随着加速老化时间的延长种子活力下降;加速老化处理8 d,3个品种的各项鉴定指标均发生改变:品种的成苗率、发芽率及单株幼苗干重显著降低,电导率明显升高,且品种间有显著差异;发芽率和成苗率的变化在品种间具有一致性,电导率、单株幼苗干重的变化和成苗率品种间一致性较差;成苗率和发芽率的相关性最高(r=0.972**)。利用国家大豆微核心种质中的91份资源对老化鉴定方法进行验证,结果在温度为40℃,湿度为85%条件下老化8 d的种子发芽率及老化指数与在自然条件下老化15个月的发芽率及老化指数极显著相关(r=0.943**,0.716**)。综合分析认为,温度为40℃,湿度为85%条件下老化处理8 d,以种子发芽率为活力鉴定指标可作为大豆种子抗老化性的鉴定方法。     

返魂草人工栽培技术初报

返魂草为菊科多年生草本植物，以地上部分人药，具有防治流感、润肺，提高人体免疫力等功效。由于以返魂草为原料研制的新药疗效显著，近几年众多制药企业开始用其研制开发治疗肺病新药，如华康药业的返魂草颗粒、修正药业的肺宁颗粒等。     

匙叶翼首草不同海拔地区种子活力的研究

研究不同海拔地区匙叶翼首草种子在不同处理下的种子活力,测定其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数,寻找最佳的发芽温度、光照等条件,为大田生产提供较佳的发芽条件;探明引种驯化最易成功的最佳海拔范围的野生翼首草种子,以期为匙叶翼首草的人工栽培提供理论指导。     

青海省野薄荷种子萌发及植物学特性研究

野薄荷是中国一种珍贵药用植物,青海省是其主要分布区。针对野薄荷野生资源受到严重破坏的情况,对其人工引种栽培过程中种子发芽率进行了研究,旨在为野薄荷的栽培和野生资源的保护提供理论依据。研究表明：自然状态下野薄荷种子发芽率低;经人工后熟、低温、恒温、变温、KNO3、H2O2和GA3处理后种子萌发率显著提高;而NaOH则具有抑制种子萌发的作用。     

Breaking the dormancy of rice seeds with various dormancy levels using steam and high temperature treatments in a steam nursery cabinet

This study aimed to determine the appropriate steam treatment conditions, using a steam nursery cabinet, to break the dormancy of Japanese rice cultivar seeds exhibiting various dormancy levels. The influence of the temperature and duration of the steam treatments on the germination percentage and germination rate was investigated. In highly dormant ‘Takanari’ seeds, the steam treatment at 40 °C for 7 d increased the germination percentage and decreased the 50% germination time (T_50S; based on seed number); this treatment was as effective as the dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 d. For the medium dormant ‘Moeminori’ and ‘Hitomebore’ seeds, the steam treatment at 40 °C for 5 d decreased T_50S sufficiently and more effectively than did the dry heat treatment at 50 °C for 7 d. For the slightly dormant ‘Moeminori’ seeds, the steam treatment at temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 40 °C for 7 d decreased T_50S without a corresponding decrease in germination percentage to <90%. For the non-dormant ‘Moeminori’ and ‘Takanari’ seeds, the same steam treatments had no, or a little if any, useful effect on the germination percentage and T_50S. Therefore, we concluded that, for the highly dormant seeds, steam treatment at 40 °C for 7 d was appropriate. Moreover, for less dormant seeds, steam treatment at 40 °C for 5 d was appropriate, and the steam treatment was not necessary for the non-dormant seeds.     

植物生长调节剂对毛萼紫薇种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

自然条件下毛萼紫薇Lagerstroemia balansae结实率很高,但自然萌发率和成苗率极低。适合的植物生长调节剂处理种子,能够有效打破种子休眠、有效促进幼苗生长。本研究采用TTC染色法测定毛萼紫薇种子的生活力,比较5种植物生长调节剂GA3、TDZ、IAA、6-BA和NAA处理下毛萼紫薇种子的发芽率、发芽势及对幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)毛萼紫薇种子生活力较低;(2)200 mg/L GA3处理的种子发芽势,发芽率较高,幼苗长势良好;其次是0.02 mg/L的TDZ处理,再次是200 mg/L IAA的处理;(3)1~20 mg/L的6-BA和NAA处理对毛萼紫薇种子的萌发无促进作用。上述结果表明:GA3、TDZ、IAA能有效促进毛萼紫薇种子的萌发及幼苗生长。     

Environmental factors during seed development of narrow-leaved bird's-foot-trefoil (Lotus tenuis) influences subsequent dormancy and germination

Narrow‐leaved bird's‐foot‐trefoil (Lotus tenuis) is a perennial forage legume adapted to waterlogged and heavy and infertile soils and can replace alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in areas with these soils in Argentina. Its seeds are hard and water‐impermeable but the effects of environmental factors on seed dormancy and germination are not known. The objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that water availability during seed development and maturation affects the degree of hardseededness in L. tenuis by changing seed coat properties, conditioning water uptake through the seed coat; and subsequently affecting dormancy, germination and speed of germination. Seeds were harvested in December/January and in February in both 1993/1994 and 1994/1995 from a permanent pasture of L. tenuis growing in a Hapludol soil in San Miguel del Monte province of Buenos Aires. Environmental conditions of each anthesis‐harvest period were determined. Seeds of each harvest were subjected to chilling, washing and mechanical scarification. After 12 months seeds from each harvest were observed in a scanning electron microscope. The water deficit of the soil and relative humidity were greater in the second than the first anthesis‐harvest period in both seasons. In 1993/1994 the control treatment in December had a higher germination rate than the February control seeds (0·40 vs. 0·20) and a faster germination rate. Mechanical scarification and chilling significantly enhanced the germination rate (0·95) and its speed in seeds of both harvests. Low temperatures significantly enhanced germination rate, starting after 60 d for the seeds harvested in December, and 90 d for the seeds harvested in February. In 1994/1995 the results were similar but both the January and February control treatments had higher germination rates (0·60 vs. 0·40) than in the previous year. Seeds harvested in February were more dormant in both years. These differences could be explained by the conditions in February anthesis‐harvest period in both years that could have hastened the natural dehydration process of seed, changing integument structure and enhancing its impermeability.     

低温干燥贮藏包衣和非包衣玉米种子活力及生理差异性研究

以玉米品种NK618和济单7号的包衣和非包衣种子为试验材料,低温干燥贮藏16个月、28个月和40个月,分别测定种子的发芽、活力指标,测定幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT、MDA、脯氨酸等含量,探讨低温干燥贮藏条件下玉米种子的可种用时间,比较包衣和非包衣玉米种子间的贮藏差异性及生理变化。结果表明,低温干燥条件下玉米种子贮藏16个月,包衣种子的各项发芽及活力指标比新种子显著降低,非包衣则无显著性变化;贮藏28个月,NK618和济单7号非包衣种子的发芽率分别是91%和87%,均可作种用,包衣种子已无种用价值;贮藏40个月时包衣和非包衣种子均不可作种用。包衣种子比非包衣种子更易老化,幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT含量均随贮藏时间延长而降低,贮藏28个月两个品种包衣和非包衣3种酶含量均比对照新种子含量降低,但差异显著性不同;MDA和脯氨酸含量随贮藏时间延长而增加,贮藏40个月时两个品种的包衣和非包衣种子萌发幼苗MDA含量均达最大值。     

野生大豆和不同栽培大豆品种在镉胁迫下种子萌发及幼苗生长的差异

为探讨野生大豆和不同栽培大豆品种在镉胁迫下种子萌发的差异,筛选优质的大豆耐镉资源,首先比较5种镉浓度(5,10,25,40 mg·L^-1)对野生大豆与栽培大豆的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长及芽长等参数,筛选出对镉敏感的性状及适中的镉浓度处理;然后以此为基础比较野生大豆1503、超高产大豆(沈农9号和辽豆14)及普通栽培大豆(辽豆16和沈农20)耐镉性差异。结果表明:野生豆1503和栽培豆辽豆16种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数在较高浓度(25或40 mg·L^-1)处理时明显下降,其它浓度处理与对照差异不明显或者高于对照,而活力指数、根长及芽长等指标在较低浓度(5或10 mg·L^-1)处理时就表现明显的被抑制效应,尤其对根长抑制更明显。活力指数、根长及芽长对镉胁迫更为敏感,可以作为鉴定耐镉材料及监测镉胁迫对植物的影响的重要指标。在5 mg·L^-1镉处理下,1503的活力指数、根长、芽长与对照差异不显著,10 mg·L^-1时显著下降,辽豆16在5 mg·L^-1时3种参数显著低于对照,因此镉浓度5 mg·L^-1的处理适中,可用来比较不同品种的耐镉性。在5 mg·L^-1镉处理下,按照3个敏感性状的平均值,筛选出耐镉性较强野生豆1503,镉性较弱的栽培豆沈农20,可用于耐镉育种及耐镉机制研究。     

高温处理对不同状态水稻种子发芽率的影响

以2个早籼稻品种的超干种子、干种子、鲜种子、湿种子、露白种子为材料,研究了高温处理对不同状态水稻种子发芽率的影响。结果表明,水稻不同种子状态耐受高温能力存在极显著差异,从强到弱依次为超干种子干种子鲜种子湿种子露白种子;水温对种子发芽率的影响比气温更显著;处理温度超过一定范围,发芽率随着温度升高和时间延长极显著下降;不同品种高温处理后的种子发芽率表现相同规律趋势,但也存在极显著个体差异;种子水分制约种子耐受高温能力,种子水分含量越高,耐受高温能力越弱。     

小麦半粒种子发芽特性分析

为了加快小麦品质育种进程，以籽粒类型不同的6个小麦品种的半粒种子为材料，整粒种子为对照，分别在三种苗床上测定其发芽率和出苗率。结果表明，半粒种子的发芽率和出苗率不受籽粒颜色和角质程度影响，但与籽粒长短有关：短圆型籽粒的半粒种子发芽率和出苗率较整粒种子的显著降低，长卵型和长粒型籽粒的半粒种子发芽率与整粒种子无显著差异，但发芽势减弱，拱土能力变差，在沙床和土床上的出苗率显著降低；对半粒种子的伤口进行封蜡处理后，可使出苗率提高至正常籽粒水平。     

Use of activated charcoal to enhance the germination of botanical seeds of potato

The effect of activated charcoal (AC) on the germination of botanical potato seeds was tested by applying AC to seeds in petri dishes which had been pretreated with gibberellic acid (GA). A diverse sample of accessions including cultivar and cultivated species germplasm, cultivated species hybrids, wild species, and wild species known for their slow germination was tested. The time required from hydration to75% germination was significantly less for all types of seeds tested when AC was present. Cultivated species hybrids reached75% germination an average of four days sooner, wild species two days sooner, and slow germinating wild species 18 days sooner when AC was present. Only slow germinating wild species’ seeds germinated with significantly more uniformity in the presence of AC.     

皇后帝王花种子休眠及解除方法研究

皇后帝王花（Protea magnifica）种子具有休眠性,不经任何处理难以发芽。本研究以皇后帝王花种子为试验材料,通过测定皇后帝王花种子生活力、种子萌发率、种子各部分粗提液对白菜种子发芽的影响,并以不同的方式（短时高温+变温层积、酸蚀处理+变温层积、赤霉素处理+变温层积）处理种子,研究皇后帝王花种子的休眠原因及解除方法。结果表明：试验所用皇后帝王花种子的生活力高达90.00%,但不去除种皮的完整种子30 d内不发芽。种皮粗提液不仅抑制白菜种子的发芽,还显著影响白菜种子的根与地上部分的生长。皇后帝王花种子的休眠可能是种皮的机械障碍和种皮的内源抑制物共同引起的综合休眠。时长为2 min的不同高温（40~120 ℃）处理+变温层积、不同时间（10~ 70 min）的98%浓硫酸酸蚀处理+变温层积、不同浓度（0.3、0.5、0.7 mg/L）的赤霉素溶液处理+变温层积都可以打破种子的休眠,提高皇后帝王花种子发芽率和发芽势。其中各处理分别以60 ℃的短时高温处理、30 min的酸蚀处理、0.7 mg/L的赤霉素溶液处理效果最好。综合比较,30 min的酸蚀处理为解除皇后帝王花种子休眠的最佳方法。此外,赤霉素处理对皇后帝王花种子的休眠解除有着一定的促进作用,但相比其他两种处理方式效果并不理想。