红麻SRAP、ISSR遗传连锁图构建的初步研究

应用SRAP、ISSR标记构建红麻分子遗传连锁图,以半野生种Ga42（源自加纳）和栽培种阿联红麻（源自埃及）杂交产生的203株F2代分离群体作为作图群体。筛选出多态性好的27对SRAP引物组合和5个ISSR引物,对F2作图群体进行PCR扩增,共产生108个多态性条带,平均每个引物组合产生3．4个多态性条带。最多的可产生8条多态性条带。应用MAPMAKER／EXP3．0软件对108个多态性条带进行遗传连锁分析,被分为16个连锁群（LOD≥3．0）,初步构建了首张红麻遗传连锁图谱。该图谱总长为1336．6cM,平均两个标记位点间距为17．82cM。本文还讨论了图谱构建存在的偏分离有关问题与对策。可为进一步构建较高密度、分布均匀的遗传图谱及基因定位奠定了良好的基础。     

茶树AFLP分子连锁图谱的构建

采用改进的AFLP技术体系,对祁门4号×潮安大乌叶的F1代群体进行连锁图谱的构建。经22对引物组合的选择性扩增,共获得1925条带,平均每对引物产生87.5条带,获得多态性带485条,多态性带的比率为25.19%。共有356(73.40%)个多态性位点符合孟德尔分离比例(P=0.01),其中发生1:1分离的位点为247(69.38%)个,发生3:1分离的位点为109(30.62%)个。采用Mapmaker/Exp3.0软件进行连锁分析,分别构建了祁门4号与潮安大乌叶的AFLP分子连锁图谱,其中母本图谱包括由208个标记组成的17个连锁群,总图距为2457.7cM,标记间平均间距为11.9cM。父本图谱包括由200个标记组成的16个连锁群,总图距为2545.3cM,标记间平均间距为12.8cM。     

利用SRAP和SSR标记构建红麻遗传连锁图谱

构建红麻遗传连锁图谱,为今后红麻重要农艺性状QTL定位、QTL图位克隆、优良基因筛选、分子标记辅助育种奠定良好的研究基础。对256对SRAP引物和64对棉花SSR引物进行了两次引物筛选,以泰红763×F71为作图群体亲本,150个F2代单株作为作图群体,构建红麻遗传连锁图谱。共筛选出条带清晰、多态性高的SRAP引物73对、SSR引物8对,构建的红麻遗传连锁图谱全长2155.43 c M,平均间距为16.09 c M,含有128个多态性标记,分布于18个连锁群。本研究初步证实了棉花SSR引物用于红麻是可行的,构建的红麻遗传连锁图谱密度较高,标记较为均匀,适合后续的QTL定位、QTL图位克隆等研究工作。     

利用重组近交系群体检测花生青枯病抗性SSR标记

用抗青枯病花生品种远杂9102与感病品种Chico杂交，从F2起用单粒传法构建了花生重组近交系群体（RIL）F6和F7。采用354对SSR引物对重组近交系F6群体的基因组DNA鉴定，获得多态性标记45个。结合重组近交系群体F6和F7青枯病抗性鉴定结果，应用相关软件统计分析，构建了栽培种花生部分遗传连锁图。图谱总长度为603.9cM，含29个标记（28个SSR标记和1个表型标记）的8个连锁群，还有17个独立的SSR标记；获得了与青枯病抗性相关的SSR标记2个（7G02和PM137），位于该图谱的第1连锁群上，与青枯病抗性基因间的遗传距离为10.9cM和13.8cM，并且位于抗性基因的两侧，两标记间的距离为23.7cM。     

一个与马铃薯青枯病抗性连锁的SRAP标记筛选

以两个马铃薯二倍体分离群体ED和CE共105个基因型为材料,利用群分法(BulkedSegregantAnalysis,BSA)筛选与马铃薯青枯病抗性基因连锁的分子标记。在8个正向引物和11个反向引物组成的88对SRAP引物组合中,筛选获得了一个与马铃薯青枯病抗性紧密连锁的SRAP标记M32,遗传连锁分析表明,该标记在ED群体和CE群体中与抗性位点之间的遗传距离分别为10.2cM和17.3cM。     

利用多种SSR引物构建小麦遗传连锁图谱及其多态性分析

为完善小麦遗传图谱并对小麦主要品质性状进行QTL定位,以小麦京771和Pm97034及其173个后代重组自交系(RIL)为作图群体,利用906对SSR引物筛选出RIL群体双亲表现多态性的引物270对,多态性频率为29.8%.利用这270对引物对RIL群体进行分析,共检测到184个多态性标记位点,利用其中的129个标记构建小麦分子的遗传连锁图谱.用Mapmaker 3.0和Mapdraw V2.1软件将129个SSR位点绘在小麦遗传连锁图上,该图谱覆盖小麦基因组全长2 106.2 cM,标记间的平均遗传距离为16.32 cM.     

四倍体杂交冰草SRAP和SSR分子标记遗传连锁图谱构建

为了给后期冰草抗旱耐寒基因筛选及QTL图位克隆搭建平台,并为产量及相关性状QTL定位和分子标记辅助育种奠定基础,以航道冰草和蒙古冰草为亲本,杂交加倍后随机选取180个F₂分离单株为作图群体,利用SRAP和SSR分子标记进行四倍体杂交冰草遗传连锁图谱的构建。结果表明,构建的图谱包含475个标记（240个SRAP标记和235个SSR标记）,分布于14个连锁群,图谱全长为1 592.7 cM,标记间平均间距为3.35 cM,各连锁群长度范围为67.6~145.2 cM。该图谱密度较高、标记位点分布均匀且连锁群更加饱满。     

大穗材料高麦1号/密小穗F_2群体穗长性状的QTL初步定位

为了解小麦穗长性状的遗传特性,并将其应用于分子标记辅助育种,以大穗材料高麦1号/密小穗的292个植株的F2群体为材料,利用SSR标记对穗长进行了QTL定位分析。结果表明,选用500对SSR引物对高麦1号和密小穗两个亲本进行多态性检测,共获得180对在双亲间有多态性的引物,多态性引物检出率为36.0%。利用这180对引物进一步进行F2群体筛选,有96对引物在群体中表现出多态性,占多态性标记的53.3%。利用QTL_IciMapping软件构建出小麦染色体组的8个连锁群图谱,并将96对SSR引物定位到遗传连锁图谱上。图谱全长1 383.29cM,标记间的平均遗传距离15.37cM。平均每个连锁群有11.25个标记,含有标记最多的是4A和6B染色体,各有17个标记,其次是3A和7B染色体,含有9~14个标记,1B和5D染色体含有的标记最少,只有5~7个。共检测出7个与穗长相关的QTL位点,包括6个加性QTL和1个加性+显性QTL。7个QTL的加性效应值均为正值,单个QTL的贡献率为2.04%~15.26%。其中3A染色体上的QTL位点距离其最近标记只有0.58cM,为连锁最紧密的一个位点,并且其加性效应值最大,可解释表型变异的15.26%。因此,3A染色体上存在控制穗长的主效基因。     

大穗材料高麦1号/ 密小穗F2群体穗长性状的QTL初步定

为了解小麦穗长性状的遗传特性,并将其应用于分子标记辅助育种,以大穗材料高麦1号/密小穗的292个植株的F2群体为材料,利用SSR标记对穗长进行了QTL定位分析.结果表明,选用500对SSR引物对高麦1号和密小穗两个亲本进行多态性检测,共获得180对在双亲问有多态性的引物,多态性引物检出率为36.0％.利用这180对引物进一步进行F2群体筛选,有96对引物在群体中表现出多态性,占多态性标记的53.3％.利用QTL_IciMapping软件构建出小麦染色体组的8个连锁群图谱,并将96对SSR引物定位到遗传连锁图谱上.图谱全长1 383.29 cM,标记间的平均遗传距离15.37 cM.平均每个连锁群有11.25个标记,含有标记最多的是4A和6B染色体,各有17个标记,其次是3A和7B染色体,含有9～14个标记,1B和5D染色体含有的标记最少,只有5～7个.共检测出7个与穗长相关的QTL位点,包括6个加性QTL和1个加性+显性QTL.7个QTL的加性效应值均为正值,单个QTL的贡献率为2.04％～15.26％.其中3A染色体上的QTL位点距离其最近标记只有0.58 cM,为连锁最紧密的一个位点,并且其加性效应值最大,可解释表型变异的15.26％.因此,3A染色体上存在控制穗长的主效基因.     

大麦DH群体在耐低氮相关遗传连锁图谱初步构建中的运用

为给大麦耐低氮基因的发掘提供参考,以耐低氮品种BI-04和氮敏感品种BI-45为亲本,用通过花药离体培养方法得到的84个单倍加倍体(DH)后代作为作图群体进行耐低氮性遗传图谱的构建。利用376对SSR引物对亲本BI-04和BI-45进行多态性检测,共筛选出76对多态性引物,多态性频率为20.2%。利用Joinmap 4.0作图软件构建BI-04×BI-45 DH群体分子标记连锁图谱,取LOD>3.0进行分子标记连锁分析,构建了含有7个连锁群、27对标记的分子标记连锁图谱,连锁群总长度为303.6 cM,标记之间的平均遗传距离为11.24 cM。这7个连锁群包含了大麦的7条染色体,为大麦耐低氮的QTL分析奠定了一定的基础。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。