番鸭“花肝病”流行病学调查和病原的初步研究

自1999年夏季开始,在广东省广州市郊、南海、花都等地的多个番鸭场,发生一种以病死番鸭的肝脏出现花斑样病灶为特征的番鸭病。此病因其肝脏特征性花斑样病变而俗称为“花肝病”。具有发病快、病程短、传播迅速、高发病率和高死亡率等特点,使许多养殖户蒙受很大的经济损失,严重挫伤了养殖户的积极性,极大地威胁着番鸭养殖业的正常发展。     

番鸭"花肝病"病原的初步研究

自1999年夏季开始，首先在广东省广州市市郊、南海、花都等地，随后在福建、河南等省的部分地区的番鸭群中相继出现一种以病死番鸭的肝脏出现白色斑点样病灶为特征的新型番鸭病，因肝脏的特征性病变而被俗称为“花肝病”。本病最早见于7日龄，最晚见于51日龄，最多见于10～25日龄；死亡率通常在40％左右，感染严重的可全群死亡；主要症状表现为腿软，喘气。除肝脏的特征病变外，脾脏肿大呈黑紫色斑驳样，胰腺有白色坏死点。在生产中不同发病番鸭群曾分别用小鹅瘟高免血清、番鸭“三周病”高免卵黄液、鸭肝炎高免卵黄液以及几种抗生素进行治…     

一种番鸭“新肝病”在浙江的流行特点分析

2006年以来,在浙江省多个番鸭养殖地发生了一种以肝脏肿大、有不规则坏死和密集出血相交为主要特征的疫病,因其主要病变在肝脏,但又不同于雏鸭病毒性肝炎和雏番鸭花肝病,所以暂称为雏番鸭新肝病。由     

雏番鸭花肝病的诊治

雏番鸭"花肝病"是由番鸭呼肠弧病毒引起的、对雏番鸭有着较高发病率和死亡率的一种病毒性传染病。由于患病雏番鸭的肝脏具有特征性病灶,在其表面形成大量灰白色小点或花斑点,故称"花肝病"。该病主要的传染途径是经消化道感染,也可经呼吸道感染,这几年该病在饲养番鸭地区的发生呈上升趋势,     

雏半番鸭"花肝病"简报

于2001年1月以来,福州市北郊两个半番鸭场及闽侯甘蔗某半番鸭场的12d～43d的雏半番鸭群发病,发病率20%～60%,死亡率5.2%～46.7%,而且日龄愈小、病死率愈高,耐过鸭生长发育明显迟缓.患病雏半番鸭临床症状和剖检病变与雏番鸭"花肝病"极为相似.我们对以肝脏、脾脏、胰腺、肾脏表面出现多量针尖大的白色坏死点和法氏囊粘膜明显出血为特征的病死雏半番鸭进行病原学研究,确定其病原为呼肠孤病毒.现将发病情况、临床症状、病理变化等报道如下:     

番鸭新病——"花肝病"的研究初报

番鸭“花肝病”（暂定名）自１９９９年春季以来 ,流行于广东、福建两省的番鸭群。该病的剖检特征为肝脏出现针头大小的坏死点 ,因此称之为“花肝病”。我们对其发病特点、病理变化等进行了初步研究。现报道如下。１流行病学、临床症状和病理变化１．１流行情况自１９９９年春季以来 ,广东省的三水、中山、南海、番禺、广州市郊等地和福建省的莆田等地的雏番鸭发病。易感动物目前仅见于番鸭。发病日龄为７～３５日龄 ,以１５日龄以内的雏番鸭最易感。发病率５０ %～９５ % ,死亡率６０ %～９０ %。发病鸭群应用过多种疫苗免疫 ,也应用过抗番…     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒病弱毒疫苗的研制

自20世纪90年代末开始,在广东、福建、河南等省的部分地区的番鸭群中出现一种以病死番鸭的肝脏出现白色斑点样病灶为特征的新型番鸭病,此病因其肝脏的特征性病变而被俗称为"花肝病".本病最早见于7日龄,最晚见于51日龄, 最多见在10~25日龄,死亡率通常在40%左右,感染严重的可全群死亡;主要症状表现为腿软,喘气,病变除肝脏特征病变外,脾脏肿大呈黑紫色斑驳样,胰腺有白色坏死点.国内有多个研究单位和学者对本病进行了研究,已确定病原是番鸭呼肠孤病毒[1-6].为了更好的防制本病,我们用分离毒NH9908株作为种毒,进行了弱毒疫苗的研制,报告如下.     

番鸭”花肝”病的诊治

鸭花肝病是由呼肠孤病毒引起雏鸭的一种急性、高度接触性传染病。临床上以发病急、传播快、死亡率高、剖检以肝脏出现花斑样病灶为特征。该病的发生给养殖户造成很大的经济损失。现将该病的诊断治疗情况介绍如下：     

雏番鸭花肝病的诊治

雏番鸭"花肝病"是由番鸭呼肠弧病毒引起的、对雏番鸭有着较高发病率和死亡率的一种病毒性传染病。由于患病雏番鸭的肝脏具有特征性病灶,在其表面形成大量灰白色小点或花斑点,故称"花肝病"。本病主要传染途径是经消化道感染,也可经呼吸道感染,这几年本病在饲养番鸭地区的发生呈上升趋势,对本病的治疗目前尚未有理想的特效药,应引起广大养殖户和同行的重视。1诊断要点1.1本病发生在饲养番鸭的地区,多发生于7～35日龄,而通常10～25日龄的雏番鸭为最易感     

番鸭"花肝病"的诊治

番鸭“花肝病”是近年来出现的番鸭传染病,是目前危害番鸭的主要传染病之一。1发病情况景宁县某农户饲养番鸭300羽,9日龄时,部分雏鸭出现精神萎靡、脚软、食欲不振、腹泻死亡等现象,遂将病鸭送至县畜牧兽医站诊治。2临床症状与病变患鸭精神沉郁、食欲不振、腹泻,粪便呈绿色或白色。剖检病死鸭,可见肝脏表面布满针尖大小的灰白色或黄白色坏死点,如花斑状,直径0.5mm。肝脏肿大,呈褐色。脾脏、胰腺出现坏死灶,气囊炎和有纤维性渗出物。3流行特点3.1发病特点该病以番雏鸭发病为主,以春、夏潮湿季节发病最为严重。3～30日龄雏鸭均可发病,尤以10日…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.