火龙果成熟胚组培技术研究

以杂交红皮红肉型火龙果自然成熟果实种子为外植体,进行改良的组织快繁试验,筛选适宜的培养基、植物生长调节剂浓度配比,并对组培苗进行移栽.结果表明,萌芽诱导培养1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L.实生苗增殖培养MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,增殖系数可达4.9,且芽生长势强,质量好.子叶二次萌芽培养1/2MS+6-BA1.5 mg/L,生根培养1/2MS+ NAA0.3 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L,生根率达95％.     

阿拉尔地区抗旱大花月季组培快繁技术初探

对抗旱大花月季品种进行了组培快速繁殖技术研究,结果表明,月季初代诱导以MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L的培养基最好,外植体萌芽快,增殖高达3~5倍。将继代培养中产生的细弱苗转移到壮苗培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L中培养30d,转接到生根培养基1/2MS+IBA 0.5mg/L+0.5g/L活性碳上,生根30d后移栽,移栽成活率90%,为通过组培快繁加速抗旱月季品种更新换代提供依据。     

大滨菊离体快繁技术研究

以大滨菊的茎段为外植体,对无菌芽诱导、试管苗增殖、生根及移栽技术进行了系统研究。结果表明:大滨菊腋芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L;最适宜的继代培养基为MS+6-BA 0.3mg/L+NAA 0.03mg/L;生根的最适宜培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L。继代周期25d左右,生根需要15d,生根率可达95%以上,移栽成活率达到100%。     

'青砧1号'苹果砧木组培快繁体系的建立

‘青砧1号’苹果砧木组培快繁技术体系的研究表明,MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L适于茎段培养的萌芽诱导;MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L适于组培苗的增殖培养;1/4 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+2%蔗糖对生根诱导效果最佳,室温条件下培养15 d生根率达87.1%,而1/2 MS+IBA 0.6 mg/L和1/4 MS+IBA0.5 mg/L+3%蔗糖的诱导效果达72.1%。在草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为2∶1∶1的栽培基质上保湿遮荫10 d左右,组培苗移栽易成活。     

金钻蔓绿绒组培再生体系的建立

以金钻蔓绿绒幼苗茎段为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及增殖培养的研究。结果表明:金钻蔓绿绒茎段在MS+6-BA 5.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基可成功诱导出愈伤组织,继而分化出不定芽;不定芽适宜增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 6.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,增殖倍数可达3.93;不定芽适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1.0mg/L,生根率可达100%,移栽30d后成活率达95%以上。     

蝴蝶兰组培快繁技术研究

将蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽作为外植体,接种于不同培养基上进行培养.结果表明:1/2MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+CM 15%培养基诱导丛生芽最合适,诱导率可达100%,丛生芽增殖阶段1/2 MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 15%培养基效果最好,增殖倍数达7.13.无菌苗叶片诱导丛生芽以1/2MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+香蕉泥10%+AC 0.2%为最好,诱导率达54.3%,丛生芽增殖阶段1/2 MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+香蕉泥10%+AC 0.2%培养基效果最好,增殖倍数达6.17.茎尖诱导原球茎状体以MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+CM 10%+0.2%,其诱导率达77.1%,原球茎状体进行增殖培养的适宜培养基1/3MS+6-BA 50 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 15%+AC 0.3%,增殖倍数达8.3,随后转入1/2MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+CM 15%中,很快分化成芽.生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L+AC 1.0%较好,将生根蝴蝶兰移栽至水苔中,1个月后成活率为99.9%.     

芦笋“冠军”亲本组培快繁技术研究

以芦笋"冠军"父、母本为试材,采用不同浓度NAA、6-BA、KT、IBA激素配比,进行启动、增殖、生根、过渡培养试验,研究了适宜其父、母本茎尖快繁的培养基。结果表明:MS+NAA0.05mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.1mg/L为母本启动培养基,MS+NAA 0.10mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.2mg/L为父本启动培养基;MS+NAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L+KT0.1mg/L为母本继代增殖培养基,MS+NAA 0.2mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L+KT 0.05mg/L为父本继代增殖培养基;1/2MS+NAA 0.05mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L+KT 1.5mg/L+IBA 1.5mg/L为母本生根培养基,1/2MS+NAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L+IBA 2.0mg/L为父本生根培养基,父、母本在适宜的生根培养基上,均生出8条以上的第Ⅰ类型根,生根率达95%以上,并建立了适宜的过渡移栽技术规程,过渡移栽成活率达95%以上。     

崇明水仙鳞茎的组织培养研究

以崇明水仙鳞茎为外植体进行试管种球的诱导,对其组织培养中消毒条件、植物激素、生根移栽技术等影响因子进行研究。结果表明:诱导培养的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 5mg/L+NAA 1mg/L,诱导率为100%;增殖培养的适宜培养基是MS+6-BA 1mg/L+NAA 1mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L+IBA 0.5mg/L,增殖系数达3.43;小鳞茎经壮苗培养20d后移栽到珍珠岩基质中即可生根成活,移栽成活率达90.5%。     

猕猴桃“翠香”再生体系的建立

取"翠香"猕猴桃的幼嫩枝条为材料,利用不同植物生长调节剂及浓度诱导茎段腋芽、增殖、生根,并进行驯化移栽。结果表明:"翠香"猕猴桃茎段腋芽诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,诱导率达88.89%;增殖培养最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 5 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L,增殖系数为6.20,三代内增殖效果稳定;生根培养的最佳培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.9 mg/L,生根率为94.44%,根数为11.40条,根长为2.94 cm;驯化后移栽成活率达88.33%。     

梨矮化砧木云南榅椁离体快繁研究

以梨矮化砧木云南榅桲的茎段为外植体,进行了离体快繁研究。结果表明:茎芽增殖的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+IBA 0.3mg/L或MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L,增殖系数分别为3.65和3.58,并且试管苗长势健壮;云南榅桲不定根诱导的适宜培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.3mg/L,生根苗移栽成活率为92%。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.