库车县冬小麦-夏玉米保护性耕作体系试验研究

研究了一年两熟冬小麦-夏玉米保护性耕作体系对作物产量、土壤含水量、土壤温度影响。试验结果表明,保护性耕作能够提高作物产量、增加土壤含水量,保护性耕作对地温的降低作用应该引起重视。免耕覆盖的保护性耕作体系可以在库车县一年两熟地区推广应用。     

尉犁县冬小麦保护性耕作试验研究

传统的铧式犁耕作方式在新疆的农业生产中有着重要的地位,但这种耕作方式不符合可持续发展的要求。新疆维吾尔自治区尉犁县塔里木乡建立了试验田,研究冬小麦保护性耕作体系对作物产量、土壤含水量、土壤温度影响。试验结果表明,保护性耕作能够提高作物产量、增加土壤含水量,保护性耕作对地温的降低作用应该引起重视,免耕覆盖的保护性耕作体系可以在尉犁县地区推广应用。     

齐齐哈尔地区保护性耕作技术探讨

黑龙江省保护性耕作技术体系已趋完善,该项技术在平作区已大面积推广应用。为研究垄作区保护性耕作技术体系,在齐齐哈尔市玉米产区开展了“一深松两少免一覆盖”耕作模式的试验。通过试验对比分析得出结论,保护性耕作耕地土壤含水量和平均地温均较传统耕作提高,有利于作物生长,玉米产量高于传统垄作区。     

保护性耕作措施在辽宁地区节水保肥增产效应的分析

保护性耕作是农业生产的一项重要技术措施。以玉米(东单60)为材料进行秸秆覆盖试验,探讨了保护性耕作对玉米生长和产量以及田间耗水量的影响。采用SPSS软件对实测数据进行分析,结果表明:保护性耕作节水保肥和提高水分利用效率等方面均优于传统耕作,免耕覆盖对耕层土壤含水率影响显著,而浅耕覆盖对土壤耕层养分和作物生长及产量影响显著,水分利用效率最高。     

冬麦北移及保护性耕作试验研究

一、试验田基本情况 1．试验目的通过冬麦北移及保护性耕作技术试验，研究探讨不同耕作技术引发土壤水分、温度和养分等变化情况，以及不同耕作方式的生产成本投入、作物产量情况，通过对比分析，为将保护性耕作技术应用到冬麦北移中提供科学依据。     

高标准保护性耕作影响因素及实施效果

为进一步改善辽宁省农业生产耕地退化的问题,提高土地综合生产能力。在辽宁省阜新蒙古族自治县玉米秸秆还田地块进行了免耕播种试验,对秸秆覆盖还田、土壤水分、土壤容重、土壤肥力等进行测定。对比显示,保护性耕作地块土壤墒情明显提升,保护性耕作地块土壤较为紧实,土壤养分总体相对不足,通过深松和增施均衛的长效复合肥,满足了作物生长需求,保护性耕作的株高与茎粗显著高于传统耕作模式,各技术模式的产量显著高于传统种植。因此,通过应用保护性耕作技术模式可实现增产增收效果。     

克什克腾旗保护性耕作技术创新与集成示范的研究

传统的耕作制度使地表裸露、土层疏松、蒸发强烈,是引起风蚀、水蚀的主要原因。在探索改变耕作技术以控制水土侵蚀的实践中,以免耕播种、机械深松、测土配方、精良播种等技术为主的保护性耕作技术创新与集成示范成为重要的技术措施。通过建立试验示范基地,研究保护性耕作技术创新对作物生长、产量及生态环境的影响。研究结果表明:对麦类作物实行保护性耕作技术创新,与传统耕作相比,减少地表雨水径流和蒸发,增加土壤雨水渗透率,增强了农作物的抗旱性,提高了干旱地区农业生产能力,为克什克腾旗农牧业可持续发展及恢复生态开辟了一条新的途径。     

固定宽垄沟灌保护性耕作条件下松垄作业的试验

固定宽垄沟灌保护性耕作是将保护性耕作、固定道、垄作和沟灌等相结合的一项农业技术,该技术可通过松垄作业解决宽垄水分侧渗效果差的问题.从2005年开始,在西北灌区对固定宽垄沟灌保护性耕作条件下的松垄效应进行了系统的试验研究.试验结果表明,在0～100 cm深度范围内,松垄作业能促进水分向宽垄中央渗透,增强土壤的通透性,提高8%左右土壤含水量,并能增加2%左右作物产量.建议在采用固定宽垄沟灌保护性耕作技术的地区推广松垄技术.     

保护性耕作试验监测数据分析

为体现保护性耕作技术的作用和优势,以科学的数据教育农民,进一步提高农民对保护性耕作技术的认识,章丘区农业农村局承担了农业部保护性耕作试验监测基地项目,建设了深松保护性耕作、保护性耕作、传统耕作对比田,开展了保护性耕作技术与传统耕作技术对比试验及效果监测,对小麦、玉米两种作物整个生育期数据进行了全面监测,取得了大量翔实的数据,对保护性耕作技术提供了强有力的数据支撑。一、试验监测目的对不同种植模式的土壤常规理化性状测定数据、作物生育期监测数据、测产数据等,进行比对,完善保护性耕作技术。     

舵轮式破茬免耕玉米播种机研究

保护性耕作是指通过提高自然降水的利用率和土壤肥力,减少水分的蒸发和流失,从而达到提高作物产量的目的.保护性耕作可以起到节水保墒、提高土壤肥力、保护环境等效果,是今后农业发展的重点.其中,免耕播种作为保护性耕作的核心内容之一,其配套机具免耕播种机的研究成为保护性耕作发展的关键.本文介绍了一种舵轮式破茬免耕玉米播种机,采用...     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。