Biomarker evidence for photosynthesis during neoproterozoic glaciation

Laterally extensive black shales were deposited on the S?o Francisco craton in southeastern Brazil during low-latitude Neoproterozoic glaciation approximately 740 to 700 million years ago. These rocks contain up to 3.0 weight % organic carbon, which we interpret as representing the preserved record of abundant marine primary productivity from glacial times. Extractable biomarkers reflect a complex and productive microbial ecosystem, including both phototrophic bacteria and eukaryotes, living in a stratified ocean with thin or absent sea ice, oxic surface waters, and euxinic conditions within the photic zone. Such an environment provides important constraints for parts of the "Snowball Earth" hypothesis.     

Biological responses of lakes in the mount st. Helens blast zone

Loadings of dissolved organics and suspended particulates from destroyed forests and volcanic debris produced by the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens altered the trophic structure of many blast zone lakes to the extent that anoxic conditions and chemoorganotrophic and chemolithotrophic microorganisms prevailed. High bacterial counts and high adenosine triphosphate concentrations were directly related to enhanced concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, and plankton chlorophyll a was inversely related to light extinction. The recovery of these lakes to the preeruption state appears dependent upon the oxidation of organics and the stabilization of watersheds.     

Algal fossils from a late precambrian, hypersaline lagoon

Organically preserved algal microfossils from the Ringwood evaporite deposit in the Gillen Member of the Bitter Springs Formation (late Precambrian of central Australia) are of small size, low diversity, and probable prokaryotic affinities. These rather primitive characteristics appear to reflect the stressful conditions that prevailed in a periodically stagnant, hypersaline lagoon. This assemblage (especially in comparison with the much more diverse assemblages preserved in the Loves Creek Member of the same formation) illustrates the potential utility of Proterozoic microbiotas for basin analysis and local stratigraphic correlation and demonstrates the need to base evolutionary considerations and Precambrian intercontinental biostratigraphy on biotas that inhabited less restricted environments.     

A 1500-year record of tropical precipitation in ice cores from the quelccaya ice cap, peru

Two ice cores, covering 1500 years of climatic information, from the summit (5670 meters) of the tropical Quelccaya ice cap, in the Andes of southern Peru, provide information on general environmental conditions including droughts, volcanic activity, moisture sources, temperature, and glacier net balance. The net balance record reconstructed from these cores reflects major precipitation trends for the southern Andes of Peru. These records indicate extended dry periods between 1720 and 1860, 1250 and 1310, and 570 and 610; wet conditions prevailed between 1500 and 1720. Establishing a tropical precipitation record may help explain climatic fluctuations since the tropical evaporation-precipitation cycle is a principal mechanism driving the atmospheric circulation.     

引自国际马铃薯中心的品种资源在青海对晚疫病的田间抗性鉴定

在青海省海拔2000～2500m和2500～3000m两个不同生态区域设置抗性观测圃,调查评价从国际马铃薯中心(CIP)引进的60份资源田间晚疫病抗性,资源D9在整个生育期表现出免疫症状,15个资源表现为高抗,18个资源表现抗病,同时还对晚疫病菌流行生理小种的毒性基因进行动态监测。     

Stratigraphy of Beds I through IV, Olduvai Gorge, Tanganyika

Bed I at Olduvai Gorge is a conformable sequence of lava flows and varied sedimentary deposits that extend upward from a welded tuff overlying the Precambrian basement to the top of a widespread marker bed. Bed II is a sequence of lacustrine clays and laterally equivalent fluvial, eolian, and pyroclastic deposits. Bed III is made up of alluvial deposits and a laterally equivalent assemblage of fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian beds. Bed IV can be subdivided into a lower unit of fluvial clays, sandstones, and conglomerates, and an upper unit of eolian tuffs. The climate was relatively dry throughout much of the time that these beds were deposited, and semidesert or desert conditions may have prevailed at least twice. Tectonic movement seems to have taken place between the deposition of Beds III and IV.     

几种土壤溶液中Cu,Pb,Cd的活度及其络合特性

介绍并用法测定几种不同生物气候带土壤溶液中 Cu,Pb,Cd 的活度及计算络合数值,并进行综合评价。研究了调节土壤 pH 值及施加改良剂 CaCO_3及 K_2HPO_4对 Cd 在土壤溶液中的活度及络合敬值的影响。结果表明:潜育泥炭土、碳酸盐褐土、浅色草甸土等北方土壤中 Cu,Pb,Cd 的活度较低,络合数值较高;而红壤、黄棕壤等南方上壤溶液中却得出相反的结果。同种供试土壤溶液对 Pb 的络合数值高于 Cu。改变 pH 值使不同土壤溶液对 Cu 的活度及络合数值影响不同。Cd 污染使大部分土壤溶液中 Cd 的活度升高,络合数值降低,而施加改良剂 CaCO_3与 K_2HPO_4却使大部分土壤溶液中 Cd 的络合物数值增加,但较对照土壤仍偏低,为土壤 Cd 污染的调控与治理提供依据。     

Zircon thermometer reveals minimum melting conditions on earliest Earth

Ancient zircons from Western Australia's Jack Hills preserve a record of conditions that prevailed on Earth not long after its formation. Widely considered to have been a uniquely violent period geodynamically, the Hadean Eon [4.5 to 4.0 billion years ago (Ga)] has recently been interpreted by some as far more benign-possibly even characterized by oceans like those of the present day. Knowledge of the crystallization temperatures of the Hadean zircons is key to this debate. A thermometer based on titanium content revealed that these zircons cluster strongly at approximately 700 degrees C, which is indistinguishable from temperatures of granitoid zircon growth today and strongly suggests a regulated mechanism producing zircon-bearing rocks during the Hadean. The temperatures substantiate the existence of wet, minimum-melting conditions within 200 million years of solar system formation. They further suggest that Earth had settled into a pattern of crust formation, erosion, and sediment recycling as early as 4.35 Ga.     

Variance of gender and age structure of populations of moose and wild boars under the effect of winter feeding

Winter feeding of moose and wild boars altered the gender and age structure of the population. In the reproductive group and among adult females of these animals, during embryonic and postembryonic periods, females prevailed mainly, and in case of an absence of feeding the males prevailed. In connection to this, winter feeding heightened the reproductive capacity of the animal population.     

报纸教育进校园初探

报纸教育在国外流行几十年,成为学校教育的重要组成部分之一,但在我国,尚是一块未开垦的处女地。文章系有感而发,旨在引起社会方方面面对报纸教育的重视和关注。     

二程天理论的文化意义

北宋理学的文化使命 ,就是要在汉唐以来佛道之教盛行、儒家信仰受到严重挑战的时刻 ,重新恢复对儒家人文之道的信仰。二程在理学史上的最大贡献 ,就是确立了以天理论为中心的思想体系。二程一方面将宇宙主宰的“天”与人文法则的“理”统一起来 ,另一方面则是将超越存在的天理与个人内在的人性统一起来 ,从而确立了儒家人文之道的形上依据 ,实现了儒家人文信仰的重建     

甜玉米品种比较试验

在福建省闽南地区进行甜玉米新品种比较试验,结果表明：永珍七号甜玉米综合表现突出,植株健壮,果穗商品性好,具有高产、优质、商品率高的优点;SC8583长势好、抗倒能力强,在产量和品质也具有优势,具有较好的推广价值.     

Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary

Analysis of tetrapod footprints and skeletal material from more than 70 localities in eastern North America shows that large theropod dinosaurs appeared less than 10,000 years after the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and less than 30,000 years after the last Triassic taxa, synchronous with a terrestrial mass extinction. This extraordinary turnover is associated with an iridium anomaly (up to 285 parts per trillion, with an average maximum of 141 parts per trillion) and a fern spore spike, suggesting that a bolide impact was the cause. Eastern North American dinosaurian diversity reached a stable maximum less than 100,000 years after the boundary, marking the establishment of dinosaur-dominated communities that prevailed for the next 135 million years.     

广西家养反刍动物蓝舌病血清学监测分析

[目的]了解广西家养反刍动物蓝舌病毒(BTV)的感染情况,为防控广西蓝舌病(BT)提供参考依据.[方法]采用琼脂免疫扩散试验(ACID)对采自广西境内的2535份山羊血清和496份水牛血清进行BTV抗体检测,并对地理、气候因素与BTV区域分布情况进行分析.[结果]广西山羊和水牛的总BTV抗体阳性率别为36.53%和43.55%,且以南宁市的山羊、水牛BTV抗体阳性率最高,分别为78.13%和85.71%.广西家养反刍动物BTV抗阳性率呈北低南高,高海拔地区BTV抗体阳性率低于低海拔地区,气温较高的南亚热带及北热带的BTV抗体阳性率高于气温较低的中亚热带,降水充沛的东部地区的BTV抗体阳性率高于降水较少的中部和西部地区.[结论]广西家养反刍动物普遍存在BTV感染,且分布受到纬度、海拔、气温与降雨量等地理、气候因素的影响.     

桉树青枯病的风险评估

桉树青枯病是危害桉树生长的主要病害,近年来桉树青枯病的发生和流行给我国南方桉树产业带来很大的经济损失。通过定性因素和定量指标体系相结合的方法对桉树青枯病进行风险评估,评估结果显示,桉树青枯病的危险性综合评价值为2.260,属于中度危险性林业有害生物。建议对桉树青枯病加强检疫监管,防止人为传播,同时加强桉树产地病情监测,开展综合防治。     

山羊痘病毒TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank中山羊痘病毒(AY077835)gp063基因DNA序列,应用Beacon Designer 7.0软件,设计合成1对引物和1条TaqMan探针,同时制备含有靶DNA序列的pEASY-T1重组质粒标准品。通过引物、探针浓度的筛选及反应条件的优化,建立了山羊痘病毒TaqMan法实时荧光定量PCR。该方法组内和组间重复试验变异系数均低于2%,最低浓度检测极限值为1×100copies/μL,上机检测时间少于40 min。运用该方法对不同时期流行于云南局部的山羊痘临床组织病料进行定量检测,生成的标准曲线斜率(Slope)为-3.36,截距(Intercept)为41.08,相关系数(R2)为0.999 989,阳性对照及送检样品抽提DNA中病毒含量依次为:P(TK)2.70×105copies/μL,华坪(HP)毒株1.45×106copies/μL,景谷(JG)毒株5.12×105copies/μL,保山(BS)毒株2.96×105copies/μL,宣威(XW)毒株1.86×105copies/μL,永胜(YS)毒株1.36×103copies/μL。结果表明:所建立方法具有灵敏、特异、安全、快速的特点,适合于山羊痘的早期检测。     

Deep advective transport of lithogenic particles in panama basin

Sediment traps were deployed at several depths between 660 and 3800 meters in the Panama Basin. The flux of lithogenic particles increased with increasing depth. This increase was due primarily to particles of beidellite (a smectite clay), which was identical to the clay occurring in bottom sediment on the continental slope to the west of the sediment trap mooring. The beidellite vertical flux at the Panama Basin station increased when an easterly current prevailed and decreased when the current reversed, indicating that a major portion of smectite was transported horizontally at mid-water depth to the mooring site from the nearby continental slope.     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒病灭活疫苗的制备及免疫原性分析

鸭出血性坏死性肝炎是新型鸭呼肠孤病毒引起的危害养鸭业的一种新传染病。为防制该病,本研究以NDRV JM85株为种毒研制成油佐剂灭活苗,并通过免疫血清学检测及攻毒保护试验评价疫苗效果。结果表明,该疫苗安全性好,免疫原性强,麻鸭二免后28d产生较高的中和抗体,并能维持较长时间。种番鸭免疫后的子代雏番鸭具有一定的母源抗体,能够抵抗强毒的感染,可用于防制鸭新型呼肠孤病毒病。     

近60年来湖北省耕地资源变化特征分析

[目的]分析近60年来湖北省耕地资源变化特征。[方法]利用湖北省1949～2009年的历史文献、统计资料和普查数据,从人地关系的角度深入分析了近60年来湖北省耕地资源的时间和空间变化特点。[结果]近60年来湖北省耕地资源的数量经历了一个由短期增长到持续减少然后又平稳增加的动态变化过程;由于省内自然条件和社会经济的不同,耕地资源变化的区域差异较明显;耕地资源总量和人均量的减少恶化了人地关系,加剧了人地矛盾,对湖北省农业生产和社会经济的可持续发展有很大影响。[结论]为湖北省的可持续发展提供了理论依据。     

Natural NaAlSi(3)O(8)-hollandite in the shocked sixiangkou meteorite

The hollandite high-pressure polymorph of plagioclase has been identified in shock-induced melt veins of the Sixiangkou L6 chondrite. It is intimately intergrown with feldspathic glass within grains previously thought to be "maskelynite." The crystallographic nature of the mineral was established by laser micro-Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The mineral is tetragonal with the unit cell parameters a = 9.263 +/- 0.003 angstroms and c = 2.706 +/- 0.003 angstroms. Its occurrence with the liquidus pair majorite-pyrope solid solution plus magnesiowustite sets constraints on the peak pressures that prevailed in the shock-induced melt veins. The absence of a calcium ferrite-structured phase sets an upper bound for the crystallization of the hollandite polymorph near 23 gigapascals.