PCV2感染猪血管内皮细胞相关免疫调节分子的表达变化

将猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)接种猪血管内皮细胞(VEC),于接种后不同时间收集细胞及上清,利用实时荧光定量PCR和ELISA技术分析VEC相关免疫调节分子表达变化。与对照组相比,PCV2感染后血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、IL-6与巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)的mRNA水平变化趋势基本一致,VEGF和M-CSF在感染后12h显著上调,IL-6与M-CSF在48h显著下调;MCP-1和IL-8在感染后4h和48h均显著上调,且IL-8在24h时上调显著,72h下调显著。蛋白水平上,VEGF在4h显著下降,24h显著增高;IL-8在4h和24h显著上升。以上结果表明,PCV2体外感染导致VEC免疫调节功能分子表达异常,其炎性趋化、黏附能力以及对树突状细胞(DC)的分化、成熟等免疫调节功能可能受到影响。     

Endothelial adhesiveness for blood neutrophils is inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta

Adhesion of blood cells to endothelial cells is an essential component of all inflammatory responses. The capacity of the endothelium to support adhesion of neutrophils is increased by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and endotoxin. Another cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), was a strong inhibitor of basalneutrophil adhesion and also decreased the adhesive response of endothelial cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The ability of cells to respond to TGF-beta was related to the duration of culture of endothelial cells after explantation from umbilical veins. TGF-beta is likely to serve an anti-inflammatory role at sites of blood vessel injury undergoing active endothelial regeneration.     

PCV-2感染对PK-15细胞IL mRNA转录水平的影响

【目的】观察猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）感染对猪肾传代细胞（PK-15细胞）炎性细胞因子白细胞介素（IL） mRNA转录水平的影响,探讨宿主与病毒之间的作用关系及细胞炎性反应机制。【方法】以未感染PCV-2的PK-15细胞为对照组,运用相对定量PCR技术,测定和分析PCV2感染PK15细胞后,PCV-2 DNA相对含量的变化,以及炎性细胞因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-12p35、IL-12p40、IL-13、IL-17、IL-18 mRNA转录水平在1,6,12,24,48,和72 h的变化。【结果】PCV-2感染后,PK-15细胞的IL-6、IL-13、IL-17、IL-18 的mRNA转录水平在12 h显著增加,24 h后mRNA转录水平下降;IL-8的mRNA转录水平在48 h时最高,为对照组的2.5倍,但72 h时恢复至与对照组水平相当;随着感染时间的延长,IL-12p35、IL-12p40 的mRNA转录水平显著下降。【结论】PCV-2感染后可引起PK-15细胞中IL-6、IL-8、IL-13、IL-17、IL-18等细胞因子mRNA转录水平增加,而IL-12 mRNA转录水平下降,提示PCV-2感染后引起的PK-15细胞炎性反应与其分泌的炎性细胞因子的改变有关。     

Cloning of complementary DNA encoding a functional human interleukin-8 receptor

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine that activates neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst. Neutrophils express receptors for IL-8 that are coupled to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins); binding of IL-8 to its receptor induces the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores. A cDNA clone from HL-60 neutrophils, designated p2, has now been isolated that encodes a human IL-8 receptor. When p2 is expressed in oocytes from Xenopus laevis, the oocytes bind 125I-labeled IL-8 specifically and respond to IL-8 by mobilizing calcium stores with an EC50 of 20 nM. This IL-8 receptor has 77% amino acid identity with a second human neutrophil receptor isotype that binds IL-8 with higher affinity. It also exhibits 69% amino acid identity with a protein reported to be an N-formyl peptide receptor from rabbit neutrophils, but less than 30% identity with all other known G protein-coupled receptors, including the human N-formyl peptide receptor.     

Disorganization of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers by fibrinogen fragment D

Fibrinogen fragment D, which is heterogeneous, has several important biological functions. Human fibrinogen fragments D94 (molecular weight, 94,000), D78 (78,000), and E (52,000) were purified. Fragments D78 and D94 but not purified fibrinogen or fragment E specifically caused disorganization of bovine aortic endothelial cells cultured as monolayers. Within 2 hours of exposure to pathophysiological concentrations of fragment D, the confluent endothelial cells retracted from each other and projected pseudopodia. These disturbed cells subsequently became rounded and detached from the substrate. The actin present in stress fibers in stationary monolayer cells was diffusely redistributed in cells with fragment D-induced alterations in morphology. This effect was not observed in monolayers of kidney epithelial cells. The results demonstrate a specific effect of fibrinogen fragment D on the disorganization of cultured vascular endothelial cell monolayers and suggest that fragment D plays a role in the pathogenesis of syndromes with vascular endothelial damage.     

Neuron-glia adhesion is inhibited by antibodies to neural determinants

Suspensions of embryonic chick neuronal cells adhered to monolayers of glial cells, but few neurons bound to control monolayers of fibroblastic cells from meninges or skin. Neuronal cell-glial cell adhesion was inhibited by prior incubation of the neurons with Fab' fragments of antibodies to neuronal membranes. In contrast, antibodies to the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) did not inhibit the binding. These results suggest that a specific adhesive mechanism between neurons and glial cells exists and that it is mediated by CAM's that differ from those so far identified.     

An inducible endothelial cell surface glycoprotein mediates melanoma adhesion

Hematogenous metastasis requires the arrest and extravasation of blood-borne tumor cells, possibly involving direct adhesive interactions with vascular endothelium. Cytokine activation of cultured human endothelium increases adhesion of melanoma and carcinoma cell lines. An inducible 110-kD endothelial cell surface glycoprotein, designated INCAM-110, appears to mediate adhesion of melanoma cells. In addition, an inducible endothelial receptor for neutrophils, ELAM-1, supports the adhesion of a human colon carcinoma cell line. Thus, activation of vascular endothelium in vivo that results in increased expression of INCAM-110 and ELAM-1 may promote tumor cell adhesion and affect the incidence and distribution of metastases.     

PRRSV诱导猪体内肺泡巨噬细胞炎症模型的建立

[目的]建立猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)诱导体内猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM)炎症模型,评价PRRSV感染对仔猪免疫系统的影响,为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的临床诊断及科学防控提供参考依据.[方法]以PRRSV-GXNN1396株人工感染30日龄健康断奶仔猪,复制出PRRS病症,剖杀后采集病料,通过组织病理学和RT-PCR检测观察各免疫器官组织的病理变化及其病毒分布情况,并检测PAM细胞内的COX-1、COX-2等酶活性变化及IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-1β、IFN-γ、MCP-1和TNF-α等炎性细胞因子水平变化.[结果]断奶仔猪接种PRRSV-GXNN1396株后第3d开始表现出典型的PRRS病症,PRRSV主要集中在肺脏、颌下淋巴结、血液和扁桃体等样品组织中,攻毒仔猪各主要器官的实质细胞及有关淋巴细胞均出现不同程度坏死和炎症细胞浸入现象,尤其以肺脏、肾脏、脾脏等器官受损严重,出现巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞浸润.PRRSV感染早期(第3d)仔猪PAM细胞中的ROS水平及COX-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10和TNF-α等因子水平均呈升高趋势,且COX-2、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α因子水平极显著升高(P<0.01);随着感染天数的增加,PAM细胞内的COX-2、IL-6和IL-8因子水平呈下降趋势,TNF-α因子水平呈上升趋势.[结论]成功建立了PRRSV诱导仔猪体内PAM细胞炎症模型,进一步佐证PRRSV主要侵害猪的免疫器官组织,以达到免疫抑制的效果,并推断感染第3d是病猪炎症反应的高峰期.     

Luteolin prevents f MLP-induced neutrophils adhesion via suppression of LFA-1 and phosphodiesterase 4 activity

Luteolin is an active ingredient found early from Folium perillae and Flos lonicerae, and has a specific inhibition on phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4) activity in vitro. Researches show luteolin has pharmacological effects of anti-inflammation, anti-anaphylaxis, antitumor, antioxidant, protection of nervous system and so on, and has mainly been used for the treatment of respiratory inflammatory diseases, cancer and cardiovascular disease in clinic. PDE4, specific to hydrolyze cyclic AMP(c AMP), is considered to be a new anti-inflammatory target due to the decisive role on c AMP signal in inflammatory cells such as neutrophils. In order to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism, we further studied the effects of luteolin on the activity and expression of PDE4, the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1) and macrophage-1(MAC-1) in neutrophils, and the adhesion of neutrophils and endothelial cells. The results showed that luteolin had a dose-dependent inhibition on both bare PDE4 activity and PDE4 in cultured neutrophils, and had an obviously promotive effect on gene expressions of PDE4 A, 4B and 4D in later period. Luteolin had a significant inhibitory effect on neutrophils adhesion and LFA-1 expression in early stage, and had no obvious effect on MAC-1 expression. Therefore, luteolin can inhibit LFA-1 expression of neutrophils, then inhibit the adhesion of neutrophils and endothelial cells, and the mechanism is at least related with the inhibition of PDE4 activity.     

布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白BP26细胞毒性作用的研究

【目的】布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白BP26是布鲁氏菌的重要毒力因子,本研究采用bp26基因缺失株和BP26蛋白分别与胚胎滋养层细胞(HPT-8)作用,探讨布鲁氏菌bp26基因的生物学功能。【方法】采用Ni柱亲和层析法纯化BP26蛋白,overlap技术构建布鲁氏菌bp26基因缺失株,用BP26蛋白和bp26基因缺失株分别侵染HPT-8细胞,观察细胞形态变化,ELISA检测上清中的细胞因子。【结果】 从布鲁氏菌疫苗株M5-90克隆出bp26基因并在大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中成功表达,获得纯化的BP26蛋白,经SDS-PAGE验证正确,Western-Blot鉴定具有免疫原性。将目的片段bp26基因的上下臂插入到自杀载体pGEM-7zf中,电转至布鲁氏菌疫苗株M5-90感受态细胞中,成功筛选出了具有遗传稳定性的bp26基因缺失株。用BP26蛋白与bp26基因缺失株分别侵染HPT-8层细胞,BP26蛋白使细胞变形且贴壁不牢,缺失株导致细胞大量脱落溶解,ELISA检测蛋白侵染HPT-8细胞诱导产生的细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α和LDH均高于PBS对照组,差异极显著（P＜0.01）, 而细胞因子IL-10的分泌下降。缺失株侵染HPT-8细胞诱导产生的细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α均高于M5-90对照组,LDH和IL-10均低于M5-90对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）。【结论】成功获得了布鲁氏菌BP26蛋白和M5-90Δbp26缺失株,BP26蛋白可以引起HPT-8细胞的炎性反应,有细胞毒性作用,bp26基因缺失株对HPT-8细胞有损伤作用,bp26基因在布鲁氏菌侵染宿主细胞过程中起重要作用。     

猪伪狂犬病毒体外诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症反应模型的建立

【目的】探讨猪伪狂犬病毒（Pseudorabies virus,PRV）感染对小鼠单核巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）炎症反应的影响,确定PRV的最佳感染剂量和感染时间,为建立RAW264.7细胞体外病毒感染炎症反应模型打下基础。【方法】PRV按10倍递增稀释成10-5~10-1 PRV稀释液,感染RAW264.7细胞并孵育1.5 h,弃病毒液后加入含5%胎牛血清的DMEM维持培养液继续培养,分别于继续培养2、4、8、12、24和48 h时收集细胞上清液,采用ELISA测定IL-6、IL-10、IL-1β、TNF-α、MCP-1和IFN-γ分泌水平及环氧合酶（COX-1和COX-2）活性,并以CCK-8法测定细胞活性。【结果】以PRV感染RAW264.7细胞4~48 h后均能通过PCR扩增获得PRV核酸的特异性条带,故选择4~48 h作为后续研究的PRV感染时间范围;10-2 PRV~10-1 PRV感染可显著降低RAW264.7细胞活性（P<0.05,下同）,10-3 PRV组仅在培养48 h时出现下降趋势,而10-5 PRV~10-4 PRV感染对RAW264.7细胞活性无显著影响。PRV感染RAW264.7细胞后,其胞内炎症因子IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-1β和MCP-1的分泌水平整体上呈升高趋势,其中10-3 PRV感染RAW264.7细胞12 h能显著或极显著（P<0.01）提高IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-1β和MCP-1的分泌水平;10-4 PRV~10-1 PRV感染组的IL-10分泌水平均呈升高趋势,而10-5 PRV感染组在感染8和24 h时IL-10分泌水平明显低于空白对照组,至感染48 h所有病毒感染组的IL-10分泌水平均降低;10-3 PRV~10-1 PRV感染8~24 h能有效提高RAW264.7细胞的COX-2活性,但对COX-1活性的影响不明显。【结论】PRV感染能诱导RAW264.7细胞发生炎症反应,其中10-3 PRV体外感染RAW264.7细胞8~12 h是建立RAW264.7细胞炎症反应模型的最佳条件。该模型可应用于PRV感染与RAW264.7细胞炎症反应相关干预药物的研究,为进一步揭示PRV感染机理及开发抗病毒感染药物提供理论依据。     

Release of multiple hormones by a direct action of interleukin-1 on pituitary cells

Exposure to bacterial endotoxins has long been known to stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; administration of endotoxin was at one time a common clinical test of anterior pituitary function. Endotoxin is a potent stimulus for production of the endogenous pyrogenic protein, interleukin-1 (IL-1), by macrophages and monocytes. The possibility that IL-1 has a direct effect on the secretion of hormones by rat pituitary cells in a monolayer culture was investigated. Recombinant human IL-1 beta stimulated the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Increased hormone secretion into culture supernatants was found with IL-1 concentrations ranging from 10(-9) M to 10(-12) M. Prolactin secretion by the monolayers was inhibited by similar doses. These concentrations of IL-1 are within the range reported for IL-1 in serum, suggesting that IL-1 generated peripherally by mononuclear immune cells may act directly on anterior pituitary cells to modulate hormone secretion in vivo. Incubation of IL-1 solutions with antibody to IL-1 neutralized these actions. These pituitary effects of IL-1 suggest that this monokine may be an important regulator of the metabolic adaptations to infectious stressors.     

Thrombospondin promotes cell-substratum adhesion

The physiological role of the platelet-secreted protein thrombospondin (TSP) is poorly understood, although it has been postulated to be involved in platelet aggregation and cellular adhesion. In this report, TSP isolated from human platelets was found to promote, in vitro, the cell-substratum adhesion of a variety of cells, including platelets, melanoma cells, muscle cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. The adhesion-promoting activity of TSP was species independent, specific, and not due to contamination by fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, or platelet factor 4. The cell surface receptor for TSP is protein in nature and appears distinct from that for fibronectin.     

Structure and functional expression of a human interleukin-8 receptor

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although the best characterized activities of IL-8 include the chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils, other members of this family have a wide range of specific actions including the chemotaxis and activation of monocytes, the selective chemotaxis of memory T cells, the inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, and the induction of neutrophil infiltration in vivo. A complementary DNA encoding the IL-8 receptor from human neutrophils has now been isolated. The amino acid sequence shows that the receptor is a member of the superfamily of receptors that couple to guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). The sequence is 29% identical to that of receptors for the other neutrophil chemoattractants, fMet-Leu-Phe and C5a. Mammalian cells transfected with the IL-8 receptor cDNA clone bind IL-8 with high affinity and respond specifically to IL-8 by transiently mobilizing calcium. The IL-8 receptor may be part of a subfamily of related G protein-coupled receptors that transduce signals for the IL-8 family of pro-inflammatory cytokines.     

山豆根多糖对猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型感染免疫细胞增殖活性及炎症相关因子的影响

【目的】探究山豆根多糖（SSP）对猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV2）感染RAW264.7细胞增殖活性及炎症相关因子的影响,揭示SSP对PCV2感染免疫细胞炎症相关因子的调控作用。【方法】PCV2体外感染RAW264.7细胞建立炎症模型,以不同浓度（25、50、100、200、400、800和1600μg/mL）SSP进行培养处理,然后采用CCK-8和ELISA分别测定SSP对PCV2体外感染RAW264.7细胞增殖活性及炎症相关因子（IL-1β、IL-8和MCP-1）分泌水平和胞内环氧合酶-1（COX-1）活性的影响。【结果】与细胞对照组相比,SSP浓度≤400μg/mL对RAW264.7细胞增殖活性无显著影响（P> 0.05）,但SSP浓度达800和1600μg/mL时RAW264.7细胞增殖活性极显著降低（P< 0.01,下同）,且随培养时间的延长,细胞增殖活性呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,于培养48 h时达最低值。PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞后其增殖活性极显著降低,炎症相关因子IL-1β、IL-8和MCP-1分泌水平及胞内COX-1活性极显著升高;100～400μg/mL SSP能极显著提高PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞增殖活性,且能有效降低RAW264.7细胞的IL-1β、IL-8和MCP-1分泌水平及胞内COX-1活性。具体表现为:与PCV2模型组相比,100μg/mL SSP能显著降低PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞的IL-1β和MCP-1分泌水平（P< 0.05,下同）;200μg/mL SSP能极显著降低PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞的MCP-1分泌水平,同时显著降低细胞IL-1β和IL-8的分泌水平及胞内COX-1活性;400μg/mL SSP能极显著降低PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞的IL-1β、IL-8和MCP-1分泌水平及胞内COX-1活性。【结论】SSP对RAW264.7细胞增殖活性无显著影响,也未表现出细胞毒性作用,且100～400μg/mL SSP能极显著提高PCV2感染RAW264.7细胞增殖活性,并通过调节PCV2感染免疫细胞的炎症相关因子水平而发挥抗炎作用。     

五指山小型猪近交系主动脉内皮细胞体外培养模型的建立和TLR2介导炎症相关因子的表达

【目的】探讨五指山小型猪近交系主动脉内皮细胞体外分离培养和鉴定的方法,研究LPS对内皮细胞TLR2表达的影响及TLR2介导内皮细胞炎症因子的表达情况。【方法】以3—4月龄的五指山小型猪近交系为试验材料,取其胸腹主动脉,采用0.1%I型胶原酶消化分离主动脉内皮细胞。利用细胞吸收DiI-Ac-LDL试验和流式细胞仪检测CD31的特异表达两种方法进行内皮细胞的鉴定。1 μg•mL-1LPS刺激内皮细胞0、6、8和12 h,实时荧光定量PCR检测TLR2和TLR4的表达量;1 μg•mL-1LPS刺激内皮细胞12 h后,10 μg•mL-1LTA孵育0、6和12 h,实时荧光定量PCR检测炎症因子IL-6、IL-8和黏附分子ICAM-1的表达量。【结果】分离得到的主动脉内皮细胞呈铺路石样整齐排列,且生长状态良好;细胞膜上表达CD31分子和Ac-LDL的受体,证实分离得到的细胞是血管内皮细胞。LPS刺激后细胞TLR2 mRNA水平的表达量明显升高（P＜0.05）,而TLR4 mRNA水平表达量无明显变化。添加LTA孵育后,细胞炎症因子IL-6、IL-8和黏附分子ICAM-1的mRNA水平表达量较对照明显升高（P＜0.05）。【结论】成功建立了五指山小型猪近交系主动脉内皮细胞体外培养模型,并检测到TLR2在LPS刺激内皮细胞后表达量升高,能够介导细胞炎症相关因子的表达。     

IL-8基因沉默后猪血管内皮细胞相关细胞因子表达的变化

为了探究内皮源IL-8对猪血管内皮细胞其他相关细胞因子表达的影响,解析IL-8在内皮细胞中作用,利用siRNA干扰技术对猪血管内皮细胞（VEC）中IL-8基因进行沉默,于干扰后不同时间收集细胞及上清,应用荧光定量PCR技术和ELISA检测VEC中各细胞因子的变化.结果显示,在mRNA水平上,促炎因子IL-6和促内皮生长因子（VEGF）在12h上调显著,且在4 h VEGF显著上调;ICAM-1和VCAM-1在4h显著上调,其中ICAM-1在48 h极显著下调,72 h又显著上调;巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M-CSF）几个时间段均极显著高于对照组.蛋白水平上,VEGF除48 h外均显著高于对照组,M-CSF在4h后均显著低于对照组.以上数据表明,内皮源IL-8变化可能影响VEC增殖、迁移以及对造血干细胞分化.     

复方丹参滴丸联合他汀类药物防治冠心病患者PCI术后并发造影剂肾病的疗效及对血管功能的影响

目的 探讨复方丹参滴丸联合他汀类药物防治冠心病（CHD）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后并发造影剂肾病（CIN）的效果及对血管功能的影响。方法 按随机数字表法将行PCI术的194例CHD患者分成联合组和对照组各97例。对照组予以水化+阿托伐他汀方案,联合组在对照组基础上联合复方丹参滴丸口服方案。观察比较两组患者手术前后肾功能损害指标[血清肌酐（SCr）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）]、血管内皮功能[内皮素（ET）、肱动脉血管内皮依赖性舒张功能（FMD）]、炎症因子[白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）]检测结果变化情况,比较其CIN发生率差异。结果 两组患者术后血清SCr、ICAM-1水平均较术前明显提高（P<0.01）,但联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）;CCr水平则较术前明显降低（P<0.01）,但联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后血清ET、IL-6、IL-8水平均较术前明显降低（P<0.01）,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）;FMD水平则较术前明显提高（P<0.01）,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。联合组CIN发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 复方丹参滴丸联合阿托伐他汀能有效降低CHD患者PCI术后CIN发生风险,对减轻其肾脏损害程度、改善血管内皮功能具有积极意义。