欢迎订阅2005年《中国兽医科技》

牛羊东毕血吸虫病是由东毕血吸虫引起的牛羊的一种慢性传染病。可引起牛羊贫血、消瘦、水肿及母畜不孕或流产，甚至因恶病质大批死亡。牛羊肝片吸虫病是由肝片吸虫引起的牛羊急性或慢性肝炎和胆囊炎，并伴有全身性中毒和营养障碍的一种寄生虫病。牛羊东毕血吸虫病很少发生，牛羊肝片吸虫病常有发生，两种混合感染、合并暴发颇为少见。     

丹巴县牛羊寄生虫病调查情况报告

正丹巴县位于四川省甘孜藏族自治州东部,冬无严寒,夏无酷暑,既适宜发展牛羊养殖,也适宜许多寄生虫及中间宿主生存和繁殖。丹巴县牛、羊品种资源丰富,饲养管理方式以放牧为主,舍饲为辅。圈舍简陋,多数环境卫生极差,粪污多采取简单堆积,未作任何处理。近年来,随着牛羊养殖数量增加,藏区牛羊寄生虫病的危害日益严重。由于寄生于牛羊体内的寄生虫种类多[1-4],且不同种类寄生虫需用不同的抗寄生虫药物防治[5-6]。因此,为提高丹巴县牛羊寄生虫病防治效果,摸清该县牛、羊寄生虫的种类、流     

浅谈牛羊焦虫病的防治措施

<正>我县属于农业大县,饲养业占农业经济总量的40%以上,县政府始终把饲养业作为我县发展"三农"的主要支柱。近年来饲养业中牛、羊的饲养量得到了迅猛发展,但在牛、羊养殖中,焦虫病对牛羊养殖业的危害非常大,它是由牛羊焦虫通过自然界蜱传播的一种血液性寄生虫病,此病在春夏季节发病率和死亡率极高,特别是羔羊的死亡率高达80%以     

牛羊肝片吸虫病的综合防治

牛羊肝片吸虫病属于一种常见的寄生虫病,牛羊感染肝片吸虫病后,会出现贫血以及黄疸等全身症状,剖检可见牛、羊的肝脏以及胆管等部位有许多虫体。在牛、羊的粪便中检测到虫卵,即可确诊牛羊肝片吸虫病,预防该病,需采取有效措施,消灭椎实螺可以有效控制该病发生,或用硝氯酚以及三氯苯唑对牛羊肝片吸虫病有着较好的治疗效果。     

2020年山东省牛羊疫病报告及监测数据分析

为了解山东省牛羊疫病的流行及免疫现状,汇总2020年山东省牛羊疫病报告数据以及监测数据等信息,分析牛羊疫病的时间分布、空间分布及病种分布;结合监测情况,分析牛羊疫病的免疫状况和暴发风险.2020年山东省牛病以新生犊牛腹泻、牛病毒性腹泻和牛传染性鼻气管炎为主,突发输入性牛结节性皮肤病,羊病以沙门氏菌病、绵羊疥癣和布鲁氏菌...     

硝氯酚和福诺得对绵羊肝片吸虫的驱杀效果比较

<正>肝片吸虫病是牛、羊最主要的寄生虫病之一,虫体寄生于牛、羊等反刍动物的肝脏胆管中。这种病能引起牲畜急性或慢性的肝炎和胆管炎,并发其他疾病和营养障碍,对在水沙滩等湿洼地放牧的牛羊危     

牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病流行病学及防控措施

牛、羊养殖业的养殖规模不断增加,但是牛羊疾病频繁发生。流行病的防控环节是牛、羊殖行业的重要工作内容,加强对流行疫病的防控不仅有效降低养殖场内流行疫病的大范围传播,同时能有效保障牛羊肉类与奶类的品质。该文主要以牛、羊布鲁氏杆菌病为研究背景,简要阐述牛羊布鲁氏杆菌病流行病学,分析牛羊布鲁氏菌病检测方法,重点对其有效防控措施进行探究。     

牛羊寄生虫病给药程序及其应用效果

自1995年在思南、桐梓、金沙等9个县（市）实施牛羊寄生虫病防治程序以来，我们对9县（市）牛羊因寄生虫病所致的死亡率，增重、出栏、繁殖等生产情况进行了观察，结果1995年死亡耕牛6057头、羊7803只，较1994年减少死亡牛942头、羊1709只；1996年死牛5321头，羊6677只，较1995年减少死牛736头，羊1126只，驱虫牛较未驱虫牛平均只增重多9．7kg、羊多增7．6kg.1995年出栏牛51683头、羊133029只，较1994年多出栏年2100头、羊25461只，1996年又比1995年多出栏牛7649头，羊299093只，1995年产犊152874头，羔羊248318只，较1994年多产犊830头，羔羊1939只，1996年又比1995年多产犊2084头，羔羊2414只，年增经济效益1000万元，科研投资年均纯收益率1：10．56元。     

浅谈牛羊肝片吸虫病的防治

牛羊肝片吸虫病属于寄生虫病,系肝片吸虫寄生于牛、羊肝脏胆管内所致。患病的牛羊会产生胆管炎、慢性或急性肝炎,并存在全身性中毒现象,最终因难以吸收营养物而死亡。本文就牛羊肝片吸虫病的防治展开研究。     

宁强某羊场发生肝片吸虫病调查与思考

肝片吸虫病是牛羊主要寄生虫病之一。肝片吸虫寄生于牛、羊等反刍动物的肝脏、胆管内,引起急性或慢性肝炎和胆管炎,继发全身中毒和营养障碍病症,常引起牛羊的大批死亡。肝片吸虫病常流行于河流、小溪附近和低洼潮湿地带。肝片吸虫的中间宿主为椎实螺。     

Detection of T. gondii in tissues of sheep and cattle following oral infection.

It has been reported in the literature that cattle are more resistant to toxoplasmosis than sheep. Congenital disease due to T. gondii infection is rarely reported in cattle whereas the parasite is a major cause of abortion and neonatal mortality in sheep. It is believed that sheep remain chronically infected for life. Undercooked meat from infected sheep is an important source of infection for man. In contrast cattle are thought to harbour fewer parasite tissue cysts which may not persist for the lifetime of the host. Therefore, cattle are believed to pose less of a risk for human infection. In this study we examined the presence of T. gondii within a range of tissues in sheep and cattle at 6 weeks and 6 months following oral infection with 10(3) or 10(5) sporulated oocysts of T. gondii. The presence of parasite was determined by bioassay in mice and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results from this study show that T. gondii was more frequently and consistently detected in sheep, in particular within brain and heart tissues, whereas parasites were not detected in the samples of tissues taken from cattle. T. gondii was more frequently detected in sheep given the higher dose of T. gondii. Examination of tissues at either 6 weeks or 6 months after infection did not appear to affect the distribution of T. gondii. The polymerase chain reaction has more specificity and sensitivity when detecting the presence of T. gondii in large animals than histological detection.     

Infectivity and cross-immunity studies of Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria annulata in sheep and cattle: I. In vivo responses.

In a series of experiments, sporozoite stabilates of a Theileria lestoquardi (Lahr) and a T. annulata (Ankara) stock prepared from Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks, were used to examine the infectivity of both parasite species for sheep and cattle and to study the development of cross-immunity between these parasite species. In the first experiment sheep and cattle were inoculated with T. lestoquardi sporozoites. Surviving animals and naive sheep and cattle were, in the second experiment, inoculated with T. annulata. In the third experiment, naive sheep and sheep previously infected with T. annulata, were inoculated with T. lestoquardi. The following responses to inoculations were monitored: clinical and haematological signs of infection, appearance of parasitic stages of the parasites in lymph node biopsies and in peripheral blood and serological response to T. lestoquardi and T. annulata schizont antigens. While T. lestoquardi readily infected sheep and caused severe disease, it did not infect cattle. On the other hand, T. annulata infected both cattle and sheep. However, whereas cattle became severely affected, infected sheep showed mild clinical symptoms only and piroplasms did not develop. Despite their different behaviour in the host species examined, cross-immunity studies suggested that the parasite species are very closely related. Experiments in sheep indicated that T. lestoquardi infection protected against subsequent T. annulata infection. On the other hand, recovery from T. annulata infection did not prevent infection by sporozoites of T. lestoquardi, resulting in the establishment of schizonts and their subsequent development into piroplasms, although it protected against the major clinical effects of T. lestoquardi infection.     

牛羊养殖中前胃疾病鉴别诊断方法

牛羊都是反刍动物,它们拥有4个胃,分别是瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和真胃。前3个胃统称为前胃,在前胃中有大量的可以分解和消化饲料中粗纤维的细菌,是牛羊以粗饲料作为主要食物的原因之一。很多牛羊非常容易出现前胃疾病,饲养人员要掌握牛羊前胃疾病的预防办法和治疗措施。     

Paratuberculosis in Iceland: epidemiology and control measures, past and present

Paratuberculosis as well as the slow virus infections maedi/visna and jaagsiekte came to Iceland in 1933 when 20 sheep of the Karakul breed were imported from Halle, Germany. At least five of these sheep were subclinical carriers of paratuberculosis. Within 16 years paratuberculosis together with the other Karakul diseases (maedi/visna and jaagsiekte) almost ruined sheep farming, the main agricultural industry in Iceland. The first clinical case of paratuberculosis in sheep was confirmed in 1938, and in cattle in 1944. The first cattle cases of paratuberculosis appeared on farms where the disease had been prevalent in sheep for years. The virulence in cattle appeared to be considerably lower than in sheep. Extensive measures were used to control the spread of paratuberculosis in sheep. Hundreds of kilometres of fences were put up and used together with natural geographic borders to restrict the movement of sheep from infected areas. Serological and other immunological tests were also used to detect and dispose of infected individuals. These measures proved inadequate and the disease could not be eradicated. Culling and restocking of uninfected sheep in endemic areas eradicated maedi/visna and jaagsiekte but not paratuberculosis. Experiments showed that vaccination against paratuberculosis could reduce mortality in sheep by 94%. Vaccination of sheep in endemic areas has been compulsory in Iceland since 1966 and as a result losses have been reduced considerably. Today, serology is used to detect and control infection in cattle herds. Furthermore, serology is used to control vaccination of sheep and screen for infection in non-endemic areas. The complement fixation (CF) test for paratuberculosis has been used until now, but recently we have started comparing the CF test with the CSL absorbed ELISA test.     

Genetic resistance of hosts and its influence on epidemiology

Evidence for the genetic control of resistance of sheep to gastrointestinal nematode infections was reviewed and compared with that of cattle to infestation with the cattle tick. Variation within sheep breeds in resistance to nematode infection is as great as that between breeds, is moderately heritable, and selection of lines of resistant sheep should result in animals carrying worm burdens around 10%-20% of those of unselected animals. The consequences of genetically resistant sheep for the epidemiology of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection were examined with the aid of a simulation model. Predicted results were similar to those observed in cattle herds resistant to Boophilus microplus; seasonal peaks in parasite burdens were greatly reduced, and larval numbers on pasture were reduced even further. The use of genetically resistant hosts should permit a reduced frequency of anthelmintic treatment, and hence reduce the rate of development of anthelmintic resistance in the parasite.     

Modelling the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and cattle in Kazakhstan

Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is an emerging disease in many parts of the world and, in particular, in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This paper examines the abundance and prevalence of infection of E. granulosus in cattle and sheep in Kazakhstan. Observed data are fitted to a mathematical model in order to determine if the parasite population is partly regulated by intermediate host immunity and to define parameters in the model. Such data would be useful to develop simulation models for the control of this disease. Maximum likelihood techniques were used to define the parameters and their confidence limits in the model and the negative binomial distribution was used to define the error variance in the observed data. The results indicated that there are significant variations in the infection pressure to sheep depending on their location. In particular sheep from Almaty Oblast and from central and northern Kazakhstan appeared to have a greater exposure than sheep from Jambyl or South Kazakhstan Oblasts. The infection pressure to cattle was somewhat lower in comparison. In common with other similar studies, there was no evidence of parasite-induced immunity in sheep or cattle in Kazakhstan due to natural infection. The highest abundance and prevalence were seen in the oldest age classes of animals.     

Impact of internal parasites on beef cattle

Internal parasitism is a pervasive constant that reduces returns in beef cattle production. Parasitism may influence production sufficiently so that data derived investigating performance response will be erroneous. The interaction of internal parasites of cattle with other facets of their lives makes it imperative that more parasite research be done on cattle to consider their impact. Results of trials designed to determine forage production at various stocking densities may not reflect the nutritive value of the forage, but instead the severity of parasite exposure. Relative resistance or susceptibility to certain parasites vary with the breed of livestock and the species of parasite. Extensive work to evaluate the ability of various breeds and sires to influence parasitic numbers has been conducted in sheep but not in cattle. Some parasite trials have ignored the effects of nutrition on the establishment and retention of parasites. This becomes especially important where multiple parasite exposure may occur. Susceptible cattle, even on an optimal diet, will become parasitized, but if reexposed to the same species of parasite, cattle on an optimal diet may be able to resist reinfection, whereas those on deficient diets will not.     

Serological evidence of FMD subclinical infection in sheep population during the 1999 epidemic in Morocco.

During 1999, 11 outbreaks of foot and mouth disease (FMD) were declared in the east and central part of Morocco. All the FMD clinical cases reported were cattle. In order to analyse the serological status of sheep from the FMD outbreak areas, 598 sheep sera were tested using a liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) to detect antibodies against FMDV structural proteins. The study confirmed the presence of FMDV specific antibodies in 77 clinically normal sheep, indicating that unrecognised FMDV-infected sheep could represent a potential risk of FMD dissemination in Morocco.Subsequently, sera from flocks of sheep that had been exposed to FMD outbreaks were assayed by an indirect ELISA using the recombinant FMDV non-structural protein 3ABC expressed in E. coli to evaluate the potential use of this serological test in future epidemiological studies and the development of FMD control strategies. The results indicated that the 3ABC-ELISA was able to detect antibodies indicative of infection with FMDV in asymptomatic sheep in field conditions.     

临泽县肉牛传染病和寄生虫病普查报告

为掌握临泽县肉牛传染病和寄生虫流行情况,临泽县动物疫病预防控制中心对全全县肉牛传染病和寄生虫病的感染情况进行了摸底普查.通过详细普查,掌握了全县肉牛传染病和寄生虫病发生显著,为有效防控提供了重要理论依据.     

牛羊魏氏梭菌病的诊断及综合防治

由产气荚膜梭菌引起的牛羊魏氏梭菌病是一种急性传染病,常引起羊肠毒血症、羊猝狙、羔羊痢疾、牛猝死症等疾病,该病发病急、死亡快、死亡率高,给牛羊养殖业造成重大经济损失。对牛羊常见的魏氏梭菌病的诊断与综合防治措施进行综述,以期为牛羊魏氏梭菌病的防治提供参考。