甜菊糖甙在断奶仔猪中的应用研究

试验选用216头21 d杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,饲喂基础日粮和添加0、70、100 g/t和200 g/t甜菊糖甙的日粮,研究其对仔猪生产性能、饲料消化率和健康状况的影响。试验期为30 d。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加甜菊糖甙可显著提高断奶仔猪的日采食量、日增重和偏嗜指数(P<0.05),而各添加水平间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)100 g/t甜菊糖甙组仔猪腹泻指数较对照组和70 g/t组显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)100 g/t和200 g/t组能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷表观利用率较对照组有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑到生产成本,本试验条件下甜菊糖甙在断奶仔猪日粮中的适宜添加量为100 g/t。     

不同训饲方式对哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响

试验用正大551颗粒饲料分别于3日龄在保温箱训饲和7日龄在补料槽训饲。发现仔猪在3日龄就有食行为，但采食不适合该日龄的日粮会导致腹泻和生产性能下降。配制3日龄开食的补料有待研究。     

复合酶对哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响研究

在２０￣６０日龄仔猪日粮中添加０．２％复合酶制剂，能显著提高仔猪的日增重（Ｐ〈０．０１），增重成本降低１７．３８％，头均盈利提高３３．２４％。     

活菌制剂对哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响

抗生素作为添加剂在畜禽饲料中的应用已近５０年了，虽然使用效果明显，但长期使用抗生素可使病原菌突变为耐药菌株而产生抗药性，同时还存在药物残留和环境污染等问题。而活菌制剂能克服使用抗生素所产生的种种弊端，对恢复机体微生态平衡有着明显的调节促进作用，同时无抗药性，无残留，无污染，是一种天然的绿色饲料添加剂，具有广阔发展前景。因此，近年来活菌制剂的研究和应用越来越受到人们的重视。１材料与方法１．１活菌制剂：由芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳酸杆菌、保加利亚杆菌、双歧杆菌和嗜热链球菌组成，粉剂，每克含活菌数１５Ｘ１０８个…     

大蒜汁对哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响

给15日龄三江白猪哺乳仔猪灌服不同剂量的大蒜汁，研究对其生产性能的影响。试验结果表明：试验组与对照组相比在仔猪增重、经济效益等指标上差异极显著（P＜0.01)，仔猪腹泻次数明显降低，其食欲增加，精神状态良好，皮肤红润，背毛整齐、光亮；而各试验组间差异不显著（P＞0.05)。     

喷雾干燥血浆蛋白对定位栏哺乳母猪生产性能的影响

1 前言。喷雾干燥血浆（SDAP）能够提高断奶仔猪采食量,改善体内炎症（特别是肠道粘膜炎症）的免疫应答.母猪热应激造成的采食下降会导致哺乳期失重增加、配种期延长.本研究的目的是评估喷雾干燥血浆对定位栏哺乳母猪采食量、断奶仔猪成活率、仔猪体重、母猪断奶至发情间隔、以及随后母猪窝产仔数的影响。     

饲料用脂肪酶对哺乳母猪的繁殖性能及仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选择健康、体况良好、经产3～8胎次母猪30头,根据膘情进行随机分组。分为试验1组、试验2组、试验3组共3个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复2头。试验1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验2组饲喂基础日粮+200g/t脂肪酶;试验3组饲喂基础日粮+300g/t脂肪酶。试验周期66d,全程采用盲测,研究哺乳母猪饲料中添加脂肪酶对仔猪断奶重、仔猪14d～21d增重、母猪采食量、母猪返情间隔的影响。结果表明:①在哺乳母猪料中添加不同浓度脂肪酶均可提高仔猪断奶重,差异显著(P<0.05);②可提高仔猪出生后14d～21d阶段增重,差异极显著(P<0.01);③对整个试验阶段母猪采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),300g/t组有提高采食量趋势;④可显著缩短母猪返情间隔(P<0.05)。结论:在哺乳母猪饲料中添加300g/t脂肪酶对母猪和仔猪各指标影响显著,经济效益良好。     

营养派对哺乳母猪和仔猪生产性能的影响

在哺乳期日粮中添加营养派研究其对哺乳母猪和仔猪生长性能的影响。将44头初产和经产母猪分为2个处理,分别为添加营养派组和对照组,试验组添加5%的营养派,从分娩前3～4 d开始饲喂至断奶。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加营养派组饲料采食量有提高的趋势(P<0.1);试验组的每窝仔猪总重高于对照组;对母猪的背膘厚和返情期没有影响。     

哺乳期补料对仔猪胃肠道发育和生产性能的影响

断奶期是仔猪的应激期，这期间仔猪要经历移圈、混群、环境温度变化等诸多应激因素的考验。但与断奶换料这一最大的应激相比，上述应激又明显略逊一筹。由液态母乳变成固态饲料的转变不仅意味着营养成分的改变和缺乏，而且也会对仔猪的免疫状况和行为特性产生不利影响。鉴此，仔猪断奶后发生消化不良和下痢也就不足为怪了。 为了避免断奶后仔猪消化不良以及由此造成的生长受阻，必须加强仔猪管理，改善饲养实践。这其中最成功的方法之一就是尽可能早地在断奶前就给哺乳仔猪补喂优质的补料。近年来，加拿大的许多动物营养专家在这方面做了许…     

富血红素多肽对哺乳仔猪生产性能和血液指标的影响

本试验在哺乳仔猪日粮中添加富血红素多肽,考察其对仔猪生产性能和血液指标的影响.结果表明,富血红素多肽能显著提高仔猪的断奶体重和平均日增重,并能显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P＜0.05),明显提高了仔猪的育成率;还能显著提高哺乳仔猪血液的铁含量(P＜0.05),可改善哺乳仔猪的营养性贫血现象,并提高猪的免疫抗病能力.     

干酪乳杆菌和粪肠球菌对乳猪生长性能、免疫功能的影响

文章旨在评价干酪乳杆菌和粪肠球菌对乳猪生长、免疫功能的影响。试验选取15头经产母猪(2~4胎),产仔后每窝各选取8只乳猪平均分配到4组,每组30头乳猪。对照组口服生理盐水,试验1、2组分别口服干酪乳杆菌、粪肠球菌,试验3组口服两者的混合菌液(3∶1),在出生后第7、14、21天各灌喂2 mL、3 mL、4 mL生理盐水或菌液。试验结果:相比于对照组,试验1、3组21日龄体重分别增加11.5%、13.4%(P<0.05),试验1、2、3组28日龄体重分别增加10.2%、9.2%、11.0%(P<0.05),ADG(21 d)分别增加16.7%、15.8%、17.6%(P<0.05),ADG(21~28 d)分别增加17.5%、19.3%、27.7%(P<0.05)。此外,相比于对照组,试验1、2、3组血清中IgA浓度分别升高99.2%、77.8%、121.7%(P<0.05),IgG浓度分别升高54.0%、69.9%、50.3%(P<0.05)。除此之外,试验1、2、3组腹泻率较对照组分别降低58.8%、52.5%、63.9%(P<0.05)。综上所述,干酪乳杆菌或粪肠球菌均能促进乳猪生长和免疫性能。     

熟化软颗粒教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响

为研究熟化软颗粒教槽料对仔猪断奶前后生长性能及腹泻率的影响,试验选用8窝(共计84头)15日龄仔猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂同配方的粉状教槽料和软颗粒教槽料,每个组4个重复,每个重复1窝猪;试验分为两个阶段,分别为断奶前10d和断奶后5d,即15~25日龄和26~30日龄,仔猪在25日龄断奶。结果表明:在15~25日龄阶段,试验组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)较对照组无明显差异,平均日采食量(ADFI)增加了40.90%;在26~30日龄阶段,试验组ADG较对照组增加了12.21%,ADFI增加了34.41%;整个试验期,试验组ADFI较对照组增加了35.12%,ADG无明显差异,试验组的腹泻率也低于对照组;在仔猪断奶前后的3d,试验组的ADG和ADFI均高于对照组。综上,软颗粒教槽料在仔猪断奶后前期可有效地提高其采食量和日增重。     

Effects of intermittent suckling on the performance and digestive efficiency of Iberian piglets weaned at 35 days of age

During two consecutive replicates Iberian sows (n = 20) were subjected either to a conventional lactation (C) or intermittent suckling (IS). Piglets in the C treatment had free access to the dam. Piglets on IS treatment were separated from the sow during 6 h on days 29 and 30, 8 h on days 31 and 32, and 10 h on days 33 and 34. Litters on both treatments were weaned at 35 days of age and offered a starter diet until day 60 of age. The apparent digestibility (ApD) of nutrients and gross energy (GE) of the post-weaning diet was measured using Cr₂O₃ as external indigestible marker. Litters on IS tended to increase solid feed intake during the milk restriction (125 ± 12 vs. 70 ± 19 g piglet^− 1 day^− 1; P = 0.08). Feed intake was improved by IS during the second week post-weaning (676 ± 17 vs. 497 ± 12 g piglet^− 1 day^− 1, P < 0.01), but differences were totally offset after the 7th week of age. Differences in average growth rate of litters on C and IS treatments did not attain statistical significance during the period of restriction and in the first week post-weaning. Litters on IS showed increased growth rate during the second week post-weaning (422 ± 31 vs. 289 ± 33 g piglet^− 1 day^− 1; P = 0.01), but slower daily gains from the 3rd week post-weaning to 60 day of age than litters on C treatment (371 ± 14 vs. 432 ± 15 g piglet^− 1 day^− 1; P < 0.05). Nevertheless, neither at weaning nor at 60 days of age average body weight of piglets differed between treatments (7.71 ± 0.31 vs. 7.94 ± 0.30 kg for C and IS, at 35 days of age, 15.62 ± 0.65 vs. 16.20 ± 0.62 kg, at day 60). The apparent digestibility of nutrients of the starter diet offered after weaning remained unaffected by the treatment, except for a trend for higher ApD of GE for the piglets on IS treatment (P = 0.08). ApD for CP and GE was 78.1 ± 0.6 and 78.8 ± 0.3%, respectively. No significant differences in the proportions of total viscera and gastrointestinal tract to empty body weight (EBW) were observed between C and IS piglets at weaning and 60 d of age. In conclusion, the increase in feed intake observed prior and early after weaning as a consequence of intermittent suckling during the last week of 35 d lactation had no effect on nutrient digestibility measured at two weeks after weaning and failed on improving Iberian piglet performance.     

Comparison of low-glycoalkaloid potato protein and fish meal as protein sources for weaner piglets

A total of 32 weaner piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 9.6±1.2 kg, and 29.8±2.7 days of age, were used in a 28-day growth assay to compare low-glycoalkaloid potato protein with fish meal as the main protein source. The piglets were housed pair-wise in pens and were fed semi-ad libitum. During feeding the piglets were separated allowing individual feeding within the pen. Four diets were tested with varying proportions of a high quality fish meal (F) and low-glycoalkaloid potato protein (P): diet A (10% F); diet B (5% F and 5% P); diet C (2.5% F and 7.5% P) and diet D (10% P). On average, in weeks 1–4, the piglets on diets C and D had higher feed intakes (17%; P<0.01) and daily weight gains (18%; P<0.05) than the piglets on diets A and B. There was no effect of diet (P>0.05) on feed conversion. It can be concluded from the present study that low-glycoalkaloid potato protein can completely replace high quality fish meal in diets for weaner pigs. The improved feed intake and daily gain with increasing inclusion suggests that low-glycoalkaloid potato protein may be superior to fish meal as a protein source for weaner pigs.     

Effects of Bacillus subtilis on jejunal integrity,redox status,and microbial composition of intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets

The present study used intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets as an animal model to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis on intestinal integrity, antioxidant capacity, and microbiota in the jejunum of suckling piglets. In total, 8 normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets (1.62 ± 0.10 kg) and 16 newborn IUGR piglets (0.90 ± 0.08 kg) were selected and assigned to three groups. Piglets were orally gavaged with 10-mL sterile saline (NBW and IUGR groups), and IUGR piglets were orally gavaged with 10-mL/d bacterial fluid (B. subtilis diluted in sterile saline, gavage in the dose of 2 × 10⁹ colony-forming units per kg of body weight; IBS group; n = 8). IUGR induced jejunal barrier dysfunction and redox status imbalance of piglets, and changed the abundances of bacteria in the jejunum. Treatment with B. subtilis increased (P < 0.05) the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) in the jejunum, decreased (P < 0.05) the plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, and enhanced (P < 0.05) the gene expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of protein carbonyl (PC) and increased (P < 0.05) the activities of catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis also increased (P < 0.05) gene expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), as well as the protein expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), SOD1, and Nrf2 in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. Treatment with B. subtilis also improved the abundances and the community structure of bacteria in the jejunum of IUGR piglets. These results suggested that IUGR damaged the jejunal barrier function and antioxidant capacity of suckling piglets, and altered the abundances of bacteria in the jejunum. Treatment with B. subtilis improved the intestinal integrity and antioxidant capacity while also improved the abundances and structure of bacteria in the jejunum of suckling piglets.     

酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验考察了酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响.试验选用21日龄断奶仔猪80头,随机分为对照组和试验组两个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复1栏,每栏10头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中额外添加0.5%啤酒酵母提取物,饲喂期28 d.结果显示,日粮中额外添加酵母提取物试验组显著提高了断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),同时平均日采食量(ADFI)有明显的提高趋势.与对照组相比,添加酵母提取物试验组ADG和ADFI分别提高11.98%和5.85%,同时仔猪腹泻率降低了40.10%,仔猪料肉比(F/G)降低5.40%.试验结果表明,饲粮中额外添加0.5%酵母提取物能够增加断奶仔猪采食量,提高生长性能.     

黑曲霉益生菌对断奶仔猪生长及日粮养分消化的影响

选取28和35日龄健康杜长大断奶仔猪,研究日粮添加黑曲霉出发菌或变异菌对仔猪生长及日粮养分消化的影响。结果表明,黑曲霉变异菌株(ANO2)可提高仔猪的日增重和采食量(P<0.05),降低其料肉比(P<0.05);黑曲霉出发菌和变异菌均可以显著提高饲料中干物质和粗纤维的消化率(P<0.05),但对粗蛋白质、无氮浸出物和粗脂肪的消化率无显著影响;黑曲霉还可提高断奶仔猪肠道内纤维酶活性(P<0.05)。变异菌株的促生长效应要明显好于出发菌;变异菌可以显著提高仔猪肠道内总蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但出发菌对仔猪的日增重、采食量和肠道总蛋白酶活性没有显著影响。这表明,利用N 离子注入诱变选育益生菌是可行的,其实际饲喂效果也是比较理想的。     

Effects of oral monosodium glutamate administration on serum metabolomics of suckling piglets

This study was conducted to determine the effects of oral administration with glutamate on metabolism of suckling piglets based on ¹H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy through the level of metabolism. Forty-eight healthy [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] piglets born on the same day with a similar birth bodyweight (1.55 ± 0.20 kg) were obtained from six sows (8 piglets per sow). The piglets from each sow were randomly assigned into four treatments (2 piglets per treatment). The piglets were given 0.09 g/kg body weight (BW) of sodium chloride (CN group), 0.03 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (LMG group), 0.25 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (MMG group) and 0.50 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (HMG group) twice a day respectively. An ¹H NMR-based metabolomics’ study found that the addition of monosodium glutamate (MSG) significantly reduced serum citrate content in 7-day-old piglets, while HMG significantly increased serum trimethylamine content and significantly reduced unsaturated fat content in 7-day-old piglets (p < .05). The content of glutamine, trimethylamine, albumin, choline and urea nitrogen was significantly increased and the creatinine content decreased significantly in the 21-day-old HMG (p < .05). Analysis of serum hormones revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) content in the 21-day-old HMG was highest (p < .05). The cholecystokinin (CCK) content in the HMG of 7-day-old piglets was lower than that in the LMG (p < .05), and the CCK content in the serum of the 21-day-old MMG was highest (p < .05). The serum leptin levels in the 21-day-old HMG were the lowest (p < .05). The serum insulin content in the 7-day-old MMG was highest (p < .05). This study suggests that MSG plays an important role in the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein (amino acids). These results provide a theoretical basis for designing piglet feed formulations.     

Effects of composite antimicrobial peptide on growth performance and health in weaned piglets

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composite antimicrobial peptide (CAP) on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets. Over 28 days, 36 weaned piglets (body weight, 10.58 ± 0.99 kg) underwent three treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC, basal diet + 20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin), and CAP treatment (CAP, basal diet with 400 mg/kg CAP). Average daily gain of piglets fed the CAP diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the PC or NC diet during days 1–7, 8–14 and 15–21. Diarrhea rates of piglets fed the CAP or PC diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those of NC‐fed piglets during days 1–7. Apparent total tract digestibility for dry matter and crude ash in CAP‐fed piglets was greater (P < 0.05) than that of NC‐fed piglets. In the CAP group, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were greater (P < 0.05) and Escherichia coli counts were lower (P < 0.05) than numbers for the NC group. Our results indicate that dietary CAP had beneficial effects on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets.