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1.
The increasing number of depleted, overexploited and recovering world marine stocks, together with increasing demand for fish and need for sustainable management of aquatic resources has led to a gradual shift to inland intensive aquaculture with water reuse. Intensive recirculating systems are becoming a rapidly developing sector of aquaculture, with the objectives to increase production and minimize environmental impact. However, transfer of technologies from original sites to locations of different climate is not always successful. The present study evaluates the use of an open recirculating system in a temperate climate. The 3‐year study showed successful production with better fish growth and feed utilization than in a flow‐through facility at the same site, but presented significant issues necessitating changes in technology as well as physical adaptations. A positive effect of the technology with respect to the environment is possible, but systems must be adapted to temperate climatic conditions. 相似文献
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Marco Custdio Sebastin Villasante Ricardo Calado Ana Isabel Lilleb 《Reviews in Aquaculture》2020,12(1):392-405
Conceptual frameworks to assess and valuate Ecosystem Services (ES) are rapidly becoming important tools for ecosystem‐based management, as they support transdisciplinary approaches to ecological economics and expand current asset boundaries to include natural and social capital. An important area where such ES assessment frameworks could become relevant management tools is aquaculture. Aquaculture activities are an interconnected part of the ecosystem in which they exist and, under certain circumstances, can support many of the same fundamental ES provided by nature. But, in most cases, aquaculture typically increases provisioning services at the expense of the other services (regulation & maintenance and cultural services). To understand the capacity of ES valuation methods to expose existing ES trade‐offs in areas under aquaculture development, this study provides a literature review of publications that assessed and valuated ES delivered and/or impacted by aquaculture. In general, it seems that certain types of aquaculture do negatively impact overall ES delivery (e.g. intensive mangrove shrimp farming in Asia), yet certain modes of production (e.g. integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture) and cultured species (e.g. algae and certain bivalves) can have a positive impact on ES, not only improving provisioning services but also regulation and maintenance services and, potentially, cultural services. ES valuation methods provide important data that facilitate discussion among stakeholders and policymakers and should be included in marine and coastal management planning processes to foster a more sustainable aquaculture. 相似文献
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Economic analysis of a goldfish (Carassius auratus Linn.) recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with rearing tank capacity of 5 m3 (RT5) has been evaluated based on two culture period in 2009 and 2010. The stocking density of goldfish was kept at 100 numbers per m3 of rearing water volume. Furthermore, based on the data obtained from RT5, four more hypothetical RASs of rearing tank capacities of 10 m3 (RT10), 20 m3 (RT20), 50 m3 (RT50) and 100 m3 (RT100) were conceptualized for economic analysis that assess and compare the effects of economies of scale on profitability. The payback period, accounting rate of return (ARR), net present value (NPV), profitability index (PI) and modified internal rate of return (MIRR) were evaluated for the different water volumes (up to 100 m3) assuming project life to be 10 years. The economic analysis revealed that a goldfish RAS with rearing tank capacity 20 m3 onwards can be feasible with a payback period less than 4 years, accounting rate of return 54%, net present value of Rs 241820 and modified internal rate of return of 23%. Sensitivity analyses revealed that market price of fish was most sensitive followed by survival rate, labour, maintenance, FCR, initial investment, discount rate, electricity cost and feed cost respectively. Interestingly, feed cost was found to be the least sensitive one. 相似文献
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Abstract This study examines adoption of major management and technological practices by fishpond operators in Nepal. A socio‐economic survey was conducted in 1994 covering 358 fishpond operators in eight of the 21 aquaculture production districts of Nepal. Factor and multiple regression models were employed in data analysis. The results indicate that 30 adoption practices can be summarized by six indices. The study suggests that the education level of fishpond operators plays an important role in increased adoption of management and technological practices. Ethnicity, geographical location, smaller fish farm size, access to inputs and cash reserves and proximity to market infrastructure also increase the probability of adoption of desirable management and technological practices. 相似文献
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Claude E. Boyd Louis R. D'Abramo Brent D. Glencross David C. Huyben Lorenzo M. Juarez George S. Lockwood Aaron A. McNevin Albert G. J. Tacon Fabrice Teletchea Joseph R. Tomasso Jr Craig S. Tucker Wagner C. Valenti 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2020,51(3):578-633
Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs. 相似文献
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Marine tropical carnivorous (MTC) fish are less tolerant to high dietary lipid compared with cold and temperate climate fish. However, insufficient n‐3 long‐chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) compromises MTC fish health and growth which requires attention when choosing lipid sources in aquafeed formulations. Fish oil (FO) has been the major lipid source for feeding key MTC fish. We estimated that more than 200 thousand tonnes of FO were used to feed farmed MTC fish in 2016, representing nearly 25% of global FO production. Nevertheless, recent increases in FO prices and demand, and the foreseen inability of wild fisheries to produce sufficient FO in the future, have created a need for cheaper and more sustainable alternatives. Meta‐analysis showed that feeding vegetable oils (VO) to MTC fish can slightly reduce their growth, with a marked decrease in n‐3 LC‐PUFA content in the fish tissues corresponding with the increased replacement of FO and fishmeal in the diet. Rendered terrestrial animal fat or modulating the bioconversion of n‐3 LC‐PUFA precursors in VO can be utilised further in MTC fish nutrition with more research recommended on these approaches. Oils and oil‐rich meals from non‐food marine organisms are rich in n‐3 LC‐PUFA and represent an underutilised alternative to FO for tropical aquaculture. With oils rich in n‐3 LC‐PUFA produced from transgenic plants presently gaining regulatory approvals and becoming available as a renewable alternative to FO, aquaculture in the tropics and around the globe is ready to leap into a new phase of sustainable expansion. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTSince its beginning in the early 70thies, the fast growing Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry in Norway has been and still is an object for research across numerous disciplines and research fields. This article presents an overview of the research studies applying Material Flow Analysis (MFA) based methods on Norwegian Aquaculture of Atlantic Salmon starting from 2004 until 2018. The studies were reviewed in relation to their applied method, involved institutions, flows, data acquisition, and suggestions for improvement. All of the reviewed studies applied different MFA methods suitable to the objective of each study, were done with involvement of multiple institutions and stakeholders, modeled credible data and provided specific suggestions for reducing the environmental impacts and optimizing nutrients utilization efficiency. The review concludes that MFA-based methods have the potential for having a functional role within the framework of the Norwegian Salmon Aquaculture industry’s sustainable development. A key factor in fulfilling that potential would be diversifying the objectives of MFA research to be more inclusive of the three pillars of sustainability: environment, economy, and society. 相似文献
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Otvio Augusto Lacerda Ferreira Pimentel Andr Megali Amado Ng Haig They 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(9):3888-3899
High stocking density aquaculture can result in major environmental impacts such as waste disposal with high organic matter. In order to overcome this issue, biofloc technology (BFT) has arisen as an alternative to lower effluent nutrient loading by promoting dense microbial communities that control water quality through the assimilation of inorganic nutrients. Given the central role of microorganisms in nutrients storage, the aim of this study was to evaluate the elemental composition of bioflocs and free‐living microorganisms and to determine which environmental factors are associated with the variation in their stoichiometric ratios (C:N:P) in shrimp farming systems. Samples were taken in marine shrimp farms, and the stoichiometric ratios from bioflocs and free‐living microorganisms were analysed, as well as physical and chemical water quality variables. The C:N ratios were lower, and N:P ratios were higher in the free‐living microorganisms than bioflocs. The C:P and N:P ratios of the biofloc were lower at higher temperature and total suspended solids (TSS). We concluded that the elemental composition of the bioflocs is richer in C and P and that systems with higher temperature and higher TSS have a greater ability to absorb and immobilize these elements in the bioflocs. 相似文献
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This study aims to develop a hybrid zero water discharge (ZWD) - recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) system to improve water quality, as well as the growth, survival, and productivity, of the super-intensive white shrimp culture under low salinity conditions at semi-mass and the industrial level. The study consisted of two parts: (1) a semi-mass trial for the optimization of shrimp production using a hybrid ZWD-RAS system with a total volume of 2.7 m3 at the different shrimp stocking densities of 500 PL/m3, 750 PL/m3, and 1,000 PL/m3 and (2) an industrial trial at a commercial shrimp urban farming facility in Gresik, East Java, with total volume of 110 m3 at the optimum shrimp stocking density from the semi-mass trial. Both the semi-mass and industrial trials were performed in five steps: (1) preparation and installation of the RAS and ZWD system components; (2) preparation of microbial components including nitrifying bacteria, the microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri, and the probiotic heterotrophic bacteria Bacillus megaterium; (3) acclimatization of white shrimp post larvae from the salinity level of 32 ppt to 5 ppt; (4) conditioning of the biofilter used in the RAS and shrimp tank (microbial loop manipulation in ZWD); and (5) shrimp grow-out rearing for 84 days and 60 days for the semi-mass trial and the industrial trial, respectively. The hybrid system combined a ZWD system and an RAS. Shrimp tanks were conditioned with the addition of microbial components for ZWD at the beginning of the culture period. The RAS was operated when NH4+ and NO2−-N levels in shrimp culture reached above 1 ppm until the levels decreased to 0–0.5 ppm. The culture performance in the semi-mass trial at 500 PL/m3, 750 PL/m3, and 1,000 PL/m3 stocking densities was not significantly different for final mean body weight (12.06 ± 5.72, 11.84 ± 3.58, 12.04 ± 3.71 g/ind, respectively) and productivity (4.205 ± 0.071, 4.691 ± 0.025, 4.816 ± 0.129 kg/m3, respectively). Significant differences in survival (70 ± 7%, 53 ± 3%, 40 ± 4%, respectively) and feed conversion ratios (1.54 ± 0.01, 1.82 ± 0.00, 2.16 ± 0.03, respectively) were observed between the three different stocking densities. Water quality parameters and microbial loads during the semi-mass trial were similar for all stocking densities and were within the tolerance levels for white shrimp grow-out production. The results of the semi-mass trial showed that the hybrid ZWD-RAS system can maintain water quality and a microbial load up to a 1,000 PL/m3 stocking density; however, the optimum performance based on survival, feed conversion ratio, and productivity was reached at the 500 PL/m3 stocking density. The industrial trial of the application of the hybrid ZWD-RAS system using the optimal stocking density of 500 PL/m3 resulted in a comparable shrimp survival of 78% with a total production of 298 kg shrimp biomass (equal to a productivity level of 2.7 kg/m3). The overall results of both the semi-mass and industrial trials showed that the application of a hybrid ZWD-RAS system allows optimal shrimp survival and growth at the stocking density of 500 PL/m3 and has high potential for application in commercial shrimp grow-out production at low salinity levels. 相似文献
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Carlos G. Wurmann Raul M. Madrid Andre M. Brugger 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3-4):117-141
Abstract Shrimp farming in Latin America and the Caribbean (hereinafter, LA&C) is a complex, diverse and dynamic activity, occurring in 22 out of 36 countries, producing 231,000 tons, valued at US$ 1.2 billion in 20021. Farmed shrimp represents 52% of all shrimp volumes produced regionally, and almost 18% of all shrimp and prawn (S&P, hereinafter) cultivated worldwide. Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) constitutes 91% of all shrimp farmed in LA&C and five nations, led by Brazil ‐formerly by Ecuador‐, comprise 82% of farmed production. Over 90% of LA&C shrimp production is exported (230,000 tons of end products from both aquaculture and wild origin valued at US$ 1.36 billion), generating a trade surplus of US$ 1.28 billion (2002). Farmed shrimp could easily surpass 513,000 tons by 2030, more than doubling current regional figures (2.9% annual growth rate, compounded). However, competition with Asian countries, anti‐dumping accusations and other factors might limit the expansion process, which is increasingly determined by strategically important matters rather than by physical production constraints. Here, a ‘production‐driven’ process of past decades is being replaced by a ‘demand‐led’ situation, where market and marketing issues will increasingly influence the outcome of shrimp farming. Growing market competition will continue to press prices down and industry will be forced into a permanent process to improve competitiveness. Here, development strategies include actions by governments and producer associations, promotional and marketing campaigns and the application of good management practices across the production and distribution chains. 相似文献
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Rebecca R. Gentry Heidi K. Alleway Melanie J. Bishop Chris L. Gillies Tiffany Waters Robert Jones 《Reviews in Aquaculture》2020,12(2):499-512
Marine aquaculture is growing quickly and has substantial effects on people and the environment. Existing research has demonstrated that marine aquaculture can contribute to ecosystem service provisioning that extends beyond production of a resource; however, the extent and significance of these goods and services are not well understood. Here we review existing knowledge of ecosystem service provision by marine aquaculture by systematically examining 129 peer reviewed papers that describe the provision of nine distinct ecosystem services by operational or experimental marine aquaculture farms. We quantify service provision and classify services by type and by farm characteristics. We show that while certain services, such as nutrient absorption by kelp aquaculture, are well understood and have been documented across multiple species, scales and environments, the evidence for other services, such as the cultural service of tourism, is currently minimal. Importantly, we identify ecosystem services associated with a diversity of farm types (including fish, bivalve, algae and polyculture farms) but find that certain services were most often delivered by specific farm types (e.g. habitat services were most often associated with fish farms). Incorporating acknowledgement of ecosystem services into farm design and planning has the potential to improve environmental performance and sustainable management of aquaculture. However, outstanding questions, including how spatial expansion of marine aquaculture will affect the provisioning of these services, are important challenges facing sustainable development. 相似文献
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为比较越冬期循环水系统(RAS)与生物絮团系统(BFT)两种模式下大规格罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)鱼种的生长性能与养殖水质的差异。选择RAS组与BFT组,进行为期67 d的养殖,测定养殖过程中罗非鱼种的生长情况以及水质的变化情况。结果显示,RAS组与BFT组增重率和特定增长率分别为(870.69±33.25)%、(3.39±0.05)%/d和(659.47±62.84)%、(3.02±0.13)%/d,RAS组显著高于BFT组;在水质控制方面,RAS组氨氮和亚硝酸盐从养殖初期到实验结束均维持在较低水平,而BFT组在初期氨氮和亚硝酸盐有升高的趋势,峰值分别达到了(4.53±0.72)mg/L和(6.68±1.8)mg/L,分别在第3天和第6天下降到较低水平,硝酸盐两组均呈现不断积累的趋势。结果表明,RAS系统养殖罗非鱼生长速度要高于BFT系统,RAS系统在水质控制方面略优于BFT系统。 相似文献
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沿海水产业是以海洋生物为资源基础的产业。在目前资源和环境的双重约束和消费者生态意识提高的情况下,沿海水产业的可持续发展更依赖于海陆自然生态系统的平衡。文章从经济学角度出发,提出了生态附加值的概念和理论框架,并初步探讨要提高沿海水产业的生态附加值不仅要从各个产业层次出发,通过生态投入的优化配置实现生态附加值的提高,而且要从整个产业出发,加强各个产业间联系,加快生态附加值的交换和循环,从而实现沿海水产业生态附加值和产业竞争优势的提高。 相似文献
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Freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, production costs have mainly been estimated from experimental results or from limited numbers of producers. This paper discusses results from a cost of production survey sent to freshwater prawn producers in the south central United States in 2005. Feed and stocking costs were the highest variable costs and were related to the proximity of the input sources. Inorganic fertilizer cost was significantly greater for the south region while electrical costs were greater for the west region of the study area. The average prawn breakeven price covering all costs was $12.74, $14.27, $16.12, $17.18, and $14.55 per kilogram for producers in Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, “Other States,” and for all respondents, respectively. Producers could decrease costs by improving yields, i.e., by increasing survival and/or weight gain, or by decreasing stocking, feed, and electrical costs; or by finding multiple uses of the equipment used to grow-out and harvest freshwater prawns. 相似文献
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Duncan Knowler Thierry Chopin Rober Martínez‐Espieira Amir Neori Ana Nobre Anthony Noce Gregor Reid 《Reviews in Aquaculture》2020,12(3):1579-1594
In integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA), species from different trophic levels are raised in proximity to one another and the co‐products (organic and inorganic wastes) of one cultured species are recycled to serve as nutritional inputs for others. IMTA can reduce the ecological impacts near aquaculture operations, improve social perceptions of aquaculture and provide financial benefits for aquaculture producers via product diversification, faster production cycles and price premiums on IMTA products. We review aspects of IMTA’s economic potential and market acceptance and consider ways to address the current gaps in our understanding. We find that adopting IMTA raises the assimilative capacity of the farm and that IMTA substantively reduces the environmental cost of aquaculture. Moreover, integrating extractive species (e.g. invertebrates and/or seaweeds), with existing fed‐monoculture operations, can increase farm profits. The presence of positive public attitudes towards IMTA, as expressed by a willingness to pay a premium for its products, can further increase the profitability of adopting IMTA. Areas requiring more economic research include the development of comparative bioeconomic models of IMTA and the evaluation of competing production systems and their ability to internalize externalities to demonstrate the true value of IMTA to society. Further exploration of economic incentives, such as instruments needed to foster adoption of IMTA, and investigation of marketing opportunities, such as promoting the eco‐certification of IMTA products, are also needed. Our paper aimed to inform economists and non‐economists alike about the latest developments in IMTA economics, and spur further research on critical topics concerning this important subject. 相似文献
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福建省霞浦县大弹涂鱼养殖可持续发展策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
福建省霞浦县大弹涂鱼养殖发展迅速,已成为该县的一项特色产业,目前全县大弹涂鱼养殖面积已突破1333ha,并取得了明显的经济效益。然而,随着大弹涂鱼养殖业的发展,也出现了一些需要解决的问题,本文就如何使霞浦县大弹涂鱼养殖能够保持可持续发展提出一些看法。 相似文献
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Mausam Budhathoki;Sezgin Tunca;Raquel Lopez Martinez;Wenbo Zhang;Saihong Li;Bertrand Le Gallic;Karen Brunsø;Priya Sharma;Piotr Eljasik;Gergo Gyalog;Remigiusz Panicz;David Little; 《Reviews in Aquaculture》2024,16(4):1879-1900
Aquaculture has been recognised for achieving multiple United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; its further growth depends on understanding, and responding to, societal perceptions in a broader context. Thus, this study aims to understand societal perceptions of aquaculture through a scoping review and media analysis. A scoping review identified 151 academic studies for inclusion in our five identified research clusters: (1) social acceptability, (2) growth and development, (3) media coverage, (4) sustainable aquaculture, and (5) consumer perceptions. Further, newspaper articles (n = 100) were sampled from the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Spain, Turkey, and China; elsewhere all articles identified were included (Poland, 79; Hungary, 29; India, 70). The findings suggest that scientific and newspaper articles tend to present sustainability aspects in a simplified form. Key stakeholder groups include fish farming enterprises, civil society, governmental officials, scientists, and business leaders both within aquaculture value chains (retailers/wholesalers, technology industry) and outside of them (fisheries, tourism). Also, other stakeholders included the public (indigenous groups, residents, consumers). The stakeholder groups perceived aquaculture differently and depending on the circumstances and context, their perceptions ranged from positive to negative. Many factors influenced their perceptions, including aquaculture's impact on multiple sustainability dimensions, knowledge, transparency, personal interests, types, and location of aquaculture practises, regulations, experience, and sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, education, and income. We recommend that aquaculture practitioners focus on context-specific multifaceted strategies—prioritising transparency, communication, and accountability—and provide essential knowledge to ensure that societal perceptions of aquaculture are based on accurate, empirical information. 相似文献