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1.
近年来,以玉米为原料的生物能源产业的快速发展加上全球人口增长和经济发展对肉类需求的持续增长为玉米产业提供了广阔的发展空间。本文按照经典的李嘉图比较优势理论模型,依据土地产出率和成本收益资料,系统比较分析了世界两个最大玉米生产国中国和美国玉米产业发展的比较优势和形成原因。与美国相比,我国玉米产业发展形势严峻。相对于美国,我国玉米除与大豆有一点优势外,相对小麦扣粳稻都处于劣势,并且劣势比较明显。美国玉米生产的资金和技术密集程度决定了其较高的生产效率和明显的成本优势。围绕提高我国玉米生产效率和降低成本,本文就调整技术研发方向和转变生产经营模式进行了讨论并提出了一些政策建议。 相似文献
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本文以迈克尔·波特的“国家竞争优势”理论为指导,强调实现中国水产业从比较优势向竞争优势的转化,并提出了构筑中国水产业竞争优势的策略框架。 相似文献
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Aloyce R. Kaliba Carole R. Engle 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):223-243
Technical, allocative, and cost efficiency measures of a sample of small-and medium-sized catfish farms in Chicot County, Arkansas were estimated using a weight-restricted data envelopment analysis technique. A measure of cost efficiency is used to determine operator characteristics, farm practices, and institutional support services that are likely to lead to higher levels of efficiency. Experience of the operators and extension contacts were important factors positively influencing farm level efficiency. Extension services in Chicot County generated about $5.2 million in cost savings among catfish farms or about $2,737 per contact. Importantly, higher cost efficiency of catfish farm efficiency in Chicot County, Arkansas, can be achieved by adjusting inputs used in production to optimal levels rather than by adjusting the scale of operation. 相似文献
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经过30多年的发展,广东已经成为中国最大的对虾生产和出口地区。广东既具有对虾生产和出口方面的绝对优势,又具有资源和竞争力等方面的相对比较优势。面对国内外同业的竞争,增加高附加值产品、促进出口市场多元化是增强广东对虾竞争优势的关键。 相似文献
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Shraddha Hegde Ganesh Kumar Carole Engle Jonathan van Senten 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2023,54(1):32-53
Understanding the economic effects of regulations on US aquaculture farms provides insights into which compliance costs create the greatest compliance burden on farms. This can further guide strategies to improve the efficiency of regulatory frameworks and potentially reduce on-farm compliance costs while maintaining adequate oversight. This study estimated the regulatory compliance burden on US catfish farms as part of a national effort to quantify the cost of regulations on US aquaculture farms. Completed survey interviews of catfish farms in the major catfish-producing states covered 63% of the total US catfish production area. Total regulatory costs of the US catfish industry were estimated at $45 million annually. Lost farm revenues (measured as the value of lost production, the value of markets lost from regulations, and the value of business opportunities lost because of regulations) were estimated to be $35 million per annum. Catfish-producing states outside the Alabama/Arkansas/Mississippi region had the highest ($2856/ha) and Alabama the lowest ($1127/ha) regulatory costs per hectare among the surveyed states. The greatest regulatory cost burden on catfish farms ($18 million) was caused by environmental regulations related mostly to the management of federally protected piscivorous migratory birds, followed by labor regulations ($12 million), and taxes/insurance ($7 million). Regulatory costs ($/kg) were 2.6 times higher on smaller (<80 ha) farms relative to larger (>300 ha) farms. Attention is needed to identify alternative regulatory frameworks that provide the same degree of regulatory oversight but are more cost-efficient. 相似文献
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盱眙县政府从2000年起开始举办龙虾节，使得盱眙龙虾在全国掀起了一场“红色风暴”，而且呈现愈演愈烈的态势，形成了盱眙龙虾的产业化发展。而盱眙龙虾产业的发展要得益于盱眙龙虾的比较优势，文章主要从气候、水域、饵料及区位优势方面分析了盱眙龙虾的比较优势。 相似文献
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世界水产品贸易竞争力与产业内贸易分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对世界水产品贸易及中国在世界水产品贸易中的地位进行分析的同时运用比较优势系数和产业内贸易指标，对世界主要水产品出口国的水产品竞争力和产业内贸易分别进行了测算和分析。本文的结论是：世界和中国的水产品出口贸易规模均在不断扩大，中国各类水产品及水产品加工的国际比较优势也在不断提升，而且欧美发达国家普遍存在水产品的产业内贸易为中国水产品出口提供了机遇。 相似文献
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The historical development, current status and development trends of four internationally traded farmed seafood commodities, tilapia, penaeid shrimp, macrobrachium prawns and catfish in China were reviewed. China is the world's largest producer of tilapia, penaeid shrimp and macrobrachium prawns but, although farming of channel catfish and some indigenous catfish species is well developed, striped catfish failed to become established. In terms of global exports, China ranks first for tilapia and third for shrimp, while macrobrachium prawns and catfish mainly support domestic markets. Endogenous, biological characteristics and market demand explain the different courses of development and the differentiated focus on domestic and international trade. Tilapia and whiteleg shrimp production illustrated rapid growth in both domestic and international markets based on their favourable culture characteristics and well‐developed management systems. Huge production scale and domestic competition have resulted in China attaining a dominant and highly competitive position in the global tilapia market. High value of live freshwater prawns in local markets (and poor processing yield) has limited interest in exports, and local demand is also shifting the emphasis of shrimp production towards domestic markets, and a decline in its international market led to stagnation of channel catfish. Poor tolerance of seasonally low temperatures has restricted tilapia production to south China and completely inhibited the development of striped catfish as a commercial species. Live fish preference and costs of long‐distance transportation have restricted domestic consumption of tilapia. A balance between domestic consumption and export is required to optimise future growth opportunities for the industry. 相似文献
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Cynthia Ware Lester H. Khoo Terrence E. Greenway David J. Wise Brian G. Bosworth Mark L. Lawrence Matt J. Griffin 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(1):197-204
Members of the genus Edwardsiella are important pathogens of cultured and wild fish globally. Recent investigations into the phenotypic and genotypic variation of Edwardsiella tarda have led to the segregation of E. tarda into three distinct taxa: E. tarda, Edwardsiella piscicida, and Edwardsiella anguillarum. In catfish aquaculture in the southeastern USA, E. piscicida has been more commonly associated with disease than E. tarda or E. anguillarum, and recent research has demonstrated E. piscicida to be more pathogenic in channel catfish than E. tarda or E. anguillarum. Anecdotal reports from industry suggest an increased prevalence of E. piscicida associated with the culture of channel (♀) × blue (♂) hybrid catfish. This work investigated the comparative susceptibility of channel catfish, blue catfish, and their hybrid cross to molecularly confirmed isolates of E. tarda, E. piscicida, and E. anguillarum. There was significantly higher mortality in hybrid catfish compared to channel catfish following intracoelomic injection of E. piscicida. To our knowledge, E. piscicida is the first bacterial pathogen to demonstrate increased pathogenicity in hybrid catfish compared to channel catfish. 相似文献
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Saowanee Traesupap Yoshiaki Matsuda Hidenori Shima 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(2):167-175
Abstract During the 1990s the major producers of farmed shrimp in the world included countries such as Thailand, Ecuador, Indonesia, China and India. These countries exported shrimp products in frozen form. The major importers were Japan, the United States and European Union countries. This study reports changes in the trend of exported shrimp products of 10 countries by using the ‘revealed comparative advantage’ method. The selected producers were 10 shrimp exporters to the Japanese and US markets. The results of the study showed that there was a gradual increase in the export quantity of shrimp‐exporting countries such as Thailand, Indonesia and China. These countries have developed processing technology with the advantage of low production costs, as well as abundant and inexpensive labour. 相似文献
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信息不对称是中小企业融资中的主要障碍。本文运用江苏苏州县域中小企业的抽样调查数据,在对样本企业基本特征描述分析的基础上,比较分析地方性小银行相对规模化经营的大银行在信息获取和金融交易成本上的比较优势。数据分析表明,地方性小银行能有效缓解银企间的信息不对称问题,较好地为中小企业提供便利的融资服务。常熟农商行的经验证实立足本地、以中小企业为服务主导的地方性小银行,凭借灵活的经营机制和不断创新的金融产品,能实现银企双方的互赢。 相似文献
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Morgane Paul Magouana Anvo Benié Rose Danielle Aboua Inoussa Compaoré Rokyatou Sissao Chantal Yvette Zoungrana‐Kaboré Essetchi Paul Kouamelan Aboubacar Toguyéni 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5243-5250
Fifty‐six days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cirina butyrospermi caterpillar meal (CBM) as protein source in replacement of fish meal (FM) for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Six hundred African catfish (initial mean weight = 2.42 ± 0.01 g) were fed with four approximate isonitrogenous (48.97% crude protein), isolipidic (15.85% crude lipid) and isocaloric (21.10 kJg?1) formulated diets, in which CBM progressively replaced FM at 0 (D1), 50 (D2), 75 (D3), 100% (D4) levels. At the end of the trial period, the best growth performance and nutritional utilization were observed in the group of fish fed with D2 and was not significantly different from those fed with D1 (the control diet). The survival rates, which ranged from 85.33% to 90.33%, were not significantly different among fish from the four diet treatments. The proximate whole‐body composition of C. gariepinus fingerlings fed the different diets showed similar moisture and protein contents. However, in contrary to ash which decreased, whole‐body lipid increased significantly when fish fed with diet containing CBM inclusion superior or equal to 75% (D3 and D4). The higher gross profit was obtained with D2 (16.73$), while the lowest was observed with D4 (10.16$). This study demonstrates that 50% of fish meal can successfully be replaced with CBM in C. gariepinus fingerlings diet without a negative impact on growth or feed utilization. This will yield a cheaper feeding for profitable production of African catfish fingerlings. 相似文献
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Technology adoption has played a key role in the global development and increase in agricultural productivity. However, the decision to adopt a new technology on farms is complex. While the factors that drive the adoption of new technologies have been well studied in agriculture, less attention has been paid to drivers of technology adoption in aquaculture. Aquacultural technologies have developed and advanced rapidly in recent decades, but not all technologies have been adopted readily by farmers. This review paper summarizes some of the critical factors that influence aquaculture technology adoption decisions such as: (1) method of information transfer, (2) characteristics of the technology, (3) farm characteristics, (4) economic factors, and (5) sociodemographic and institutional factors. Fish farmers have tended to adopt technologies that are perceived to be more advantageous than others in terms of productivity, cost efficiency, and ease of management. Price of aquaculture products and profit expectations from business ventures were key economic factors influencing adoption decisions. Given the wide array of species, production practices, and global nature of aquaculture, the intensity and the extent of adoption of technologies depend on the nature of the industry in which they are adopted and their economic, social, political, and regulatory environments. 相似文献
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The paper explores the trade competitiveness of seven major shrimp‐exporting countries, namely Vietnam, China, Thailand, Ecuador, India, Indonesia and Mexico, to the United States. Specifically, we investigate whether the US antidumping petitions have an impact on the bilateral revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indexes for each of the seven shrimp‐exporting countries with the United States. Monthly data from January 2003 to December 2014 and a panel data model are used to examine the determinants of the RCA for the shrimp‐exporting countries. The empirical results show the shrimp‐exporting countries have superior competitiveness against the shrimp market in the United States. Moreover, the RCA indexes are significantly negatively influenced by shrimp prices, and are positively affected by US income per capita. However, the EMS (Early Mortality Syndrome) shrimp disease, domestic US shrimp quantity, exchange rates and US antidumping laws are found to have no significant impacts on the RCA indexes. In terms of policy implications, the United States should try to reduce production costs of shrimp in the US market instead of imposing antidumping petitions. Moreover, the shrimp‐exporting countries should try to maintain their comparative advantage and diversify into new markets. 相似文献
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Rhoda Mae C. Simora Shangjia Li Nermeen Y. Abass Jeffery S. Terhune Rex A. Dunham 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(12):1553-1562
Cathelicidins are a class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) known to possess rapid and direct antimicrobial activities against a variety of microorganisms. Recently identified cathelicidins derived from alligator and sea snake were found to be more effective in inhibiting microbial growth than other AMPs previously characterized. The ability of these two cathelicidins along with the peptides, cecropin and pleurocidin, to protect channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque) and hybrid catfish (I. punctatus ♀ × blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, Valenciennes ♂) against Edwardsiella ictaluri, one of the most prevalent pathogens affecting commercial catfish industry, was investigated. Cathelicidin-injected fish (50 µg ml−1 fish−1) that were simultaneously challenged with E. ictaluri through bath immersion at a concentration of ~1 × 106 CFU/ml had increased survival rates compared with other peptide treatments and the infected control. Bacterial numbers were also reduced in the liver and kidney of channel catfish and hybrid catfish in the cathelicidin treatments 24 hr post-infection. After 8 days of challenge, serum was collected to determine immune-related parameters such as bactericidal activity, lysozyme, serum protein, albumin and globulin. These immune-related parameters were significantly elevated in fish injected with the two cathelicidins as compared to other peptide treatments. These results indicate that cathelicidins derived from alligator and sea snake can stimulate immunity and enhance the resistance to E. ictaluri infection in channel catfish and hybrid catfish. 相似文献
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产业集群是行业发展到一定阶段所产生的一种经济现象,它会给行业内部企业以及区域经济带来诸多集聚效应。随着对虾产业链在湛江的集聚,产业集群效应已经凸现,并在湛江地区形成了明显的比较优势。 相似文献
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A prediction equation for sperm production in blue catfish was developed by a forward step‐wise regression analyses based on five independent factors: body weight, total length, stage of maturation, gonadosomatic index and condition factor of individual mature blue catfish raised in earthen ponds. The stage of gonad maturity and plasma testosterone contributed significantly (P < 0.05) to the prediction equation (Sperm production per unit body weight = 2.51 × maturity ? 0.01 × testosterone ? 5.776, r = 0.62, P < 0.05). The stage of maturity was strongly associated (P < 0.05) with gonadosomatic index and sperm production. Improvements in prediction accuracy are needed to make this model a useful tool to identify higher sperm producing blue catfish to improve the efficiency of channel x blue hybrid catfish embryo production. 相似文献
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