紧密连接蛋白在鱼类肠道屏障损伤中的研究进展

紧密连接（Tight junction,TJ）蛋白是一类构成细胞紧密连接结构的蛋白,主要包括跨膜蛋白和闭合小环蛋白（ZOs）,它们共同参与TJ的组成并发挥功能。TJ蛋白在肠道组织中表达广泛,在肠道机械屏障中发挥重要作用。文章通过对国内外报道进行梳理,在了解TJ蛋白结构与功能的基础上,分析影响TJ蛋白异常表达的因素,并基于TJ蛋白途径探究调控鱼类肠道损伤的策略,以期为调控鱼类等水产动物肠道健康提供参考。     

Occludin基因在猪肠道屏障中的研究进展

紧密连接蛋白与肠道疾病密切相关,由Occludin基因编码的蛋白质是紧密连接蛋白中具有代表性的蛋白之一,在维持肠道屏障功能完整中发挥重要作用。在猪肠道中,Occludin基因表达的下降会导致细胞膜通透性增加,使肠道屏障功能受损,从而引发多种肠道疾病。文章综述了肠道屏障的构成、紧密连接蛋白的分类及Occludin基因编码蛋白质的结构和生物学功能,介绍了Occludin基因在猪肠道中的表达情况和营养调控的研究进展,为预防猪腹泻、肠道炎症等疾病提供参考。     

乳酸杆菌对肠道上皮紧密连接蛋白的调控

肠道细胞间紧密连接是构成肠道屏障功能的重要结构基础,在调节肠道通透性和维持上皮细胞屏障中发挥着重要作用。乳酸杆菌作为肠道的优势菌,可以促进上皮细胞紧密连接蛋白的表达和合理分布,维持上皮细胞的屏障功能;同时可以缓解病原菌及其诱导的炎性细胞因子对紧密连接的损伤,改善肠上皮屏障功能,维持黏膜的完整性。本文就肠道上皮细胞紧密连接的生理性和病理性调控以及乳酸杆菌的影响进行了归纳总结,为进一步阐明乳酸杆菌对肠道紧密连接的影响提供基础。     

宿主防御肽调节动物肠道屏障功能的研究进展北大核心CSCD

肠道屏障功能主要是通过调节黏蛋白和紧密连接(TJ)蛋白的合成来实现的,这对维持动物肠道健康和生产性能至关重要。作为先天性免疫系统的重要组成部分,宿主防御肽(HDPs)在黏膜防御中发挥着重要作用。肠道中的HDPs缺乏与屏障功能障碍和稳态失调有关。HDPs通过直接诱导多种黏蛋白和TJ蛋白的表达来增强肠道屏障功能。HDPs的诱导化合物有改善动物肠道形态、生产性能和饲料转化率的功能。本文将从HDPs对黏蛋白和TJ蛋白的转录调控作用、肠道屏障的分子调控机制以及动物生产性能的影响等方面进行综合阐述。     

宿主防御肽调节动物肠道屏障功能的研究进展

肠道屏障功能主要是通过调节黏蛋白和紧密连接(TJ)蛋白的合成来实现的,这对维持动物肠道健康和生产性能至关重要。作为先天性免疫系统的重要组成部分,宿主防御肽(HDPs)在黏膜防御中发挥着重要作用。肠道中的HDPs缺乏与屏障功能障碍和稳态失调有关。HDPs通过直接诱导多种黏蛋白和TJ蛋白的表达来增强肠道屏障功能。HDPs的诱导化合物有改善动物肠道形态、生产性能和饲料转化率的功能。本文将从HDPs对黏蛋白和TJ蛋白的转录调控作用、肠道屏障的分子调控机制以及动物生产性能的影响等方面进行综合阐述。     

精氨酸调控家禽肠道黏膜屏障的机制研究进展

肠道不仅是营养物质消化、吸收的主要部位,也是机体重要的代谢和免疫器官,是机体抵御感染的第一道防线。肠道健康对家禽健康和生产性能具有重要意义,而肠道黏膜屏障功能对保障肠道健康至关重要。精氨酸作为家禽的必需氨基酸,对家禽肠道黏膜屏障功能起着重要调控作用。文章综述了家禽的肠道黏膜屏障,并重点介绍精氨酸对肠道黏膜发育、肠道黏膜机械屏障、肠道黏膜免疫屏障、肠道黏膜生物屏障的调控作用及相关机制,为进一步阐明精氨酸在家禽生产上的应用提供理论基础。     

益生菌调控肠道闭锁蛋白表达的机制

紧密连接是肠上皮细胞间的主要连接方式,参与维持上皮细胞极性与调节肠屏障的通透性。闭锁蛋白(OCLN)是紧密连接相关蛋白中最具代表性的蛋白之一,是形成紧密连接的基础结构。OCLN的功能主要包括栅栏功能和细胞旁屏障功能,研究发现其表达量降低时可引起肠黏膜屏障功能受损,后者是多种消化道疾病发生发展的一个重要过程。益生菌被认为是抗生素的重要替代物之一,其作用于宿主可产生多种有益作用。大量研究表明给予患者或者为疾病模型动物提供益生菌可有效改善肠黏膜屏障功能。本文就益生菌对肠道OCLN蛋白表达调控机制的研究作一综述,以期为OCLN相关研究和疾病的治疗策略提供理论参考。     

饲料中的营养物质对动物肠道功能和健康的调控作用

[摘要]肠上皮最重要的作用之一是消化摄入的饲料，吸收营养，同时上皮细胞为病原体、毒素和变应原从腔体扩散到黏膜组织提供了生化-物理屏障。屏障完整性的缺陷会强烈激活免疫细胞，导致肠道组织慢性炎症，而当屏障受损时，内毒素等炎症分子可通过循环到达不同器官，在非肠道疾病如酒糖尿病、肥胖、慢性肾病等发病机制中发挥作用。紧密连接在肠道屏障功能中起重要作用，其中肠上皮细胞中的紧密连接由不同的连接分子组成，它们调控相邻细胞中水、离子和大分子的细胞旁通透性。为了进一步了解肠道屏障的作用以及相关影响因素，本文综述了饲料中营养物质因素对肠道功能和健康的调节作用。 [关键词]营养物质|肠道功能|肠道健康|调控作用     

热应激对鸡肠黏膜屏障的影响及其营养调控研究进展

热应激会影响家禽的生理系统，尤其是负责消化和吸收养分的肠道系统。热应激诱导的应激源，如氧化应激，通过肠道形态改变、紧密连接蛋白表达等产生负面影响，破坏屏障功能，从而威胁肠道的完整性和功能性。此外热应激会影响肠道菌群平衡，影响有益菌群的定植及其代谢产物。文章探讨了热应激对鸡肠黏膜屏障的影响，并综述了鸡热应激下的营养调控研究进展，为炎热地区肉鸡养殖业抗热应激方案的应用提供一定理论依据和研究思路。     

家禽苏氨酸营养研究进展

苏氨酸是家禽第三限制性氨基酸,在家禽体内发挥多种重要的生物学功能,如平衡饲粮氨基酸比例,提高营养物质利用效率,改善家禽生长性能和产蛋性能;促进肠道组织发育、维持肠道屏障功能,提高家禽免疫力等。文章从苏氨酸的代谢途径及其对家禽的生物学作用方面进行综述,为苏氨酸在家禽生产中的合理应用提供理论依据。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein