牛精清抑制物含量及其与精液品质,年龄和季节之间的关系

利用抗补体法测定成年公牛精清抑制物(BSPI)的含量,以研究BSPI与精液品质、公牛年龄和季节之间的关系。结果麦明,BSPI的平均含量为696±256单位(u)/ml(n=75),不同公牛存在明显的个体差异。BSPI含量与新鲜精液的精子活力无关。公牛射精量与BSPI含量呈负相关(r=-0.9163,P<0.05)。冬季BSPI含量明显高于夏季(P<0.001)。试验未发现公牛年龄和精子密度与BSPI含量之间的相关。     

IBARAKI DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BLUETONGUE

Ibaraki disease, an epizootic disease of cattle in Japan resembling bluetongue, is characterized by fever and lesions affecting the mucous membranes, the skin, the musculature and vascular system. Degeneration of striated muscular tissue is observed in the oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, tongue and the skeletal muscles. Oedema and haemorrhage are marked in the mouth, lips, abomasum, around the coronets, etc., and are occasionally followed by degeneration of the epithelium leading to erosions or ulcerations. Severe lesions affecting the oesophageal and laryngopharyngeal musculature cause difficulty in swallowing which in turn produces dehydration and emaciation, and occasionally the aspiration pneumonia, which constitute the major causes of death of affected animals. These clinical and pathological findings indicate the similarity of the disease to bluetongue in sheep and cattle. Ibaraki disease was first recognised in Japan in 1959 and 1960. Seasonally its occurrence is limited to late summer and autumn, and geographically to the central and western parts of Japan, roughly south of 37 degrees north latitude. It is absent from the higher altitudes. The seasonal and geographical incidence suggests the possibility of an arthropod vector; but direct evidence for such a vector is still lacking. Serological data suggest the presence of Ibaraki virus on Bali Island in Indonesia and in Taiwan. The disease can be transmitted serially in calves by the intravenous inoculation of blood obtained at the height of a febrile reaction. Ibaraki virus can be isolated in bovine cell cultures from both natural and experimentally produced cases of the disease. The virus multiplies and induces cytopathic effects in primary cultures of bovine, sheep and hamster lung origin, and L cells; but it does not grow in primary cultures of horse and swine kidney nor in HeLa cell cultures. The virus is readily passaged serially in 4 to 5-day-old eggs by yolk-sac inoculation and incubation at 33.5 degrees C. It multiplies in the brains of mice of any age after incracerebral inoculation but younger mice give a better viral growth and develop encephalitis. No evidence has been obtained that rabbits and guinea pigs are susceptible to Ibaraki virus...     

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS MAMMILLITIS VIRUS AND ITS PATHOGENICITY FOR CATTLE

Ten viruses isolated from swabs and vesicular fluid collected from the teats of dairy cattle on 4 properties in Northern Victoria were identified as bovine herpes mammillitis (BHM) viruses by their physico-chemical and morphological properties and serological relationship to each other and a Scottish Strain of BHM virus. The viruses, isolated in bovine kidney and testicular cell cultures, produced cytopathic effects characterised by very large syncytia and eosinophilic intranuclear inculsion bodies. The intradermal inoculation of BHM virus into two cattle produced necrosis and ulceration of the skin of the teats about the area of inoculation and the development of serum neutralising antibody. After healing of the ulcers on day 37 after inoculation, the cattle were intravenously inoculated with corticosteroid for 6 days but BHM virus was not re-isolated from the teat skin or vaginal or nasal swabs.     

THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF YOUNG AND NEWBORN CALVES TO BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS

The pathogenicity of a field strain, 417, of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus for newborn and young calves was investigated. Three colostrum-deprived newborn calves inoculated intravenously developed severe clinical disease and viraemia, and produced long-lasting neutralising antibody. The incubation period in these animals was 10 and 11 days, compared with 5 to 7 days for older calves. Two newborn calves which received colostrum from immune dams and 2 which received colostrum from non-immune dams failed to respond clinically to intravenous inoculation with strain 417. The neutralising antibody response of these calves was of short duration. Four calves, 7 to 8 weeks old and lacking detectable neutralising antibody to BEF virus, or having low levels of antibody, did not develop clinical disease when inoculated intravenously. Four calves 12 to 14 weeks of age and free of detectable neutralising antibody to BEF virus developed clinical disease when inoculated with strain 417.     

呋喃妥因残留代谢物人工抗原的合成与鉴定

利用对醛基苯甲酸对呋喃妥因代谢物1-氨基乙内酰脲(1-Aminohydantoin hydrochloride,AHD)进行衍生化,衍生物1-氨基乙内酰脲-4-羧苯基肟(CPAHD)通过混合酸酐法与牛血清蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)偶联,用紫外扫描(UV)和变性凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对偶联物进行验证。将偶联成功的人工全抗原(CPAHD-BSA)免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过间接酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定小鼠血清抗体效价为1:32 000。用间接竞争ELISA鉴定抗体特性,结果显示:抗体对AHD与对硝基苯甲醛的衍生物(NPAHD)的灵敏度高,IC50为30.63μg/L,特异性好,与CPAHD有部分交叉反应外,与其他3类硝基呋喃类药物及代谢产物无交叉反应(交叉反应率<0.01%)。结果表明,用CPAHD-BSA作免疫原免疫小鼠可诱导产生针对AHD衍生物(NPAHD)的特异性抗体,为进一步制备AHD单克隆抗体和研制快速筛选检测试剂盒奠定了基础。