甘南高寒地区放牧条件下南德温杂种肉牛的增重试验

针对甘南高寒地区本地黄牛生长发育缓慢，生产性能低下，引进南德温肉牛，对甘南本地黄牛进行杂交改良。通过对12-18月龄南黄F1代阉牛和甘南本地黄牛阉牛10头，采用放牧加补饲尿素-糖浆多营养舔砖，育肥90d。结果表明：南黄F。代牛目均增重0．65kg，甘南本地黄牛头均日增重0．49kg，南黄F1代牛的生长发育情况及增重均明显高于甘南本地黄牛，试验组比对照组提高收益54．63％。     

河西肉牛最优杂交组合筛选试验

为了确定河西肉牛最优杂交组合,试验采用单因素方差分析,将河西肉牛5个杂交组合的F1代公牛架子牛分为5个试验组(夏♂×西杂♀组、西♂×西杂♀组、皮♂×西杂♀组、安♂×西杂♀组、德♂×西杂♀组),用自行设计的配方日粮进行育肥及屠宰试验。结果表明:5个杂交组合F1代育肥牛的始重、末重(屠宰前活重)、胴体重及屠宰率差异均不显著(P>0.05);安♂×西杂♀F1代肉牛日增重最高[(2.18±0.06)kg],且与其他4个组合相比差异显著(P<0.05),说明安♂×西杂♀为最优杂交组合。     

张家川县放牧补饲条件下的肉牛增重试验

经对12—18月龄西杂一代阉牛10头,采取以放牧为主、夜间补饲,育肥90d,试验表明试验组平均总增重86.4±44.4kg,平均日增重0.96±0.69kg,12月龄的6头日增重1kg,育肥效果显著。     

德系西门塔尔牛与河北本地西杂牛杂交F_1、F_2代重要经济性状分析

本研究采用德系西门塔尔牛冻精对河北本地西杂母牛杂交改良,分别收集14头F1和11头F2后代公牛群体7项生长性能、8项屠宰性能(24月龄)、9项肉品质和3项胴体质量的表型数据,分析利用德系西门塔尔公牛冻精对河北本地西杂牛的杂交改良效果。结果表明:F1代0～12月龄平均日增重为0.82 kg/d,F2代为0.97 kg/d,F2代前期生长速度更快;F1代12～18月龄平均日增重为0.88 kg/d,F2代为0.78 kg/d,12月龄后F1代更具生长优势;F2代宰前活重、胴体重、高档牛肉重(米龙、黄瓜条和外脊等)、眼肌面积和背膘厚等指标均略优于F1代,其中F2代背膘厚为3.35 cm,显著大于F1代(2.46 cm)。综上,用德系西门塔尔牛改良河北当地西杂牛的生长、肉质性状具有一定成效。     

西门塔尔牛

过去25年多来，西门塔尔牛受到世人喜爱而普及成为加拿大最有影响力的牛种之一。利用西门塔尔牛其杂交优势极好。英国和北美育种者给以普遍承认。 西杂牛领导肉牛育肥方向，最大效益地实现增重要求。西杂阉牛常常首先达到屠宰重量。因此，育肥场主销售西杂肉牛后获得更多回报。西牛增重快、效益好，胴体产肉率高。 肉质符合顶级标准 西母牛是加拿大乃至全世界公认的商品肉牛业选用的最佳母本之一。因而取代其它品种领导肉牛发展趋势。 西公牛被培育成许多类型。为满足养牛事业的需求，加拿大西牛协会育种时综合考虑其后裔的不同生产性能、特…     

夏秋季气温对肉牛肥育增重的影响

[目的]为探讨环境温度对肉牛肥育增重效果的影响规律及其程度。[方法]在神木地区夏秋季气温条件下,对秦蒙（秦川牛♂×蒙古牛♀）和丹蒙（丹麦红牛♂×蒙古牛♀）F1二元杂交阉牛与丹秦蒙（丹麦红牛♂×秦蒙牛♀）和利秦蒙（利木赞牛♂×秦蒙牛♀）F1三元杂交阉牛进行肥育对比试验。[结果]表明：试验牛的增重情况与各月份的平均气温有关。[结论]25℃为影响肉牛肥育效果的临界上限温度。     

不同年龄阶段西杂肉牛育肥试验

对0.5岁(6头)、1岁(14头)、1.5岁(6头)西杂肉牛进行90d全舍饲育肥试验,结果表明:各组头均日增重分别为1.02kg、1.12kg、1.27kg。1.5岁组育肥增重效果最好(P<0.05)。     

中草药对杂交肉牛育肥效果观察

本试验选购了14～16月龄,活体重约300kg西杂肉牛21头,根据完全随机分组原则平均分成3组进行试验.结果表明:海带和艾叶混合物(1:1)提高肉牛平均日增重153.2～394.3g/d,相对提高14.2％～50.6％,差异达到极显著.     

全株玉米青贮饲养肉牛最佳日粮组合模式研究

对肉牛常用饲料进行营养价值评定,并选择36头6～24月龄西杂肉牛分4组分别采食不同组合日粮,试验期63～68 d.结果表明,不同饲料之间蛋白含量、有效降解率和有效能含量存在较大的差异.肉牛代谢体重干物质采食量与日粮粗蛋白含量之间存在极显著正相关关系,日增重随代谢体重采食量的增加呈直线增加,经济效益随肉牛日增重的增加而增加.以青贮 秸秆 0.5 kg肉牛浓缩料、青贮 秸秆 2 kg肉牛精料补充料、青贮 牧草 0.5 kg肉牛浓缩料、青贮 牧草 2 kg肉牛精料补充料日粮组合分别饲养西杂肉牛,日增重(ADG)分别为0.66 kg、0.90 kg、0.92 kg、1.08 kg;体况评分(BCS)分别增加0.33分、0.42分、0.56分、0.69分;日盈利分别为3.44元、4.22元、4.70元、4.41元.说明,以全株玉米青贮 优质牧草粗饲料组合饲养肉牛,再补饲含高蛋白和能促进肉牛生长及提高纤维饲料消化率的瘤胃微生物所必须矿物质的肉牛浓缩料或肉牛精料补充料,可使肉牛达到较好的增重,并获得较高的收益.     

肉牛二元、三元杂交组合增重对比试验报告

为了培育适应当地条件的育肥牛品种,选择黑白花、西门达、秦川(细管冻精)分别授配当地黄牛;选择利木辛、德国黄牛(细管冻精)分别授配西杂F_1,在相同饲养管理条件下,①测定黑杂F_1、西杂F_1、秦杂F_1在1月龄、2月龄、3月龄时的增重效果。结果表明,1月龄时,西杂牛增重比黑杂牛增重重5.8 kg,黑杂牛增重比秦杂牛增重重3.2kg;2月龄后,西杂牛增重比黑杂牛增重重15.8 kg,黑杂牛增重比秦杂牛增重重9.5 kg;3月龄后,西杂牛增重比黑杂牛增重重26 kg,黑杂牛增重比秦杂牛增重重17.2 kg;西杂F_1增重明显,经济效益显著。②测定德西黄、利西黄牛出生重、体高、日增重等主要生长发育指标。结果表明,德西F_1初生重比利西F_1重3.3kg,3月龄时德西F_1比利西F_1重13.4kg,6月龄时德西F_1比利西F_1重16.7 kg,按市场价计算德西牛可比利西牛头均可多创收367.4元,品种优势明显。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.