Simultaneous selection for yield-related traits and susceptibility to Fusarium head blight in spring wheat RIL population

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium, is a fungal disease that occurs in wheat and can cause significant yield and grain quality losses. The present paper examines variation in the resistance of spring wheat lines derived from a cross between Zebra and Saar cultivars. Experiments covering 198 lines and parental cultivars were conducted in three years, in which inoculation with Fusarium culmorum was applied. Resistance levels were estimated by scoring disease symptoms on kernels. In spite of a similar reaction of parents to F. culmorum infection, significant differentiation between lines was found in all the analyzed traits. Seven molecular markers selected as linked to FHB resistance QTLs gave polymorphic products for Zebra and Saar: Xgwm566, Xgwm46, Xgwm389, Xgwm533, Xgwm156, Xwmc238, and Xgwm341. Markers Xgwm389 and Xgwm533 were associated with the rate of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) as well as with kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight in control plants. Zebra allele of marker Xwmc238 increased kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight both in control and infected plants, whereas Zebra allele of marker Xgwm566 reduced the percentage of FDK and simultaneously reduced the thousand kernel weight in control and infected plants.     

Tissue and cell culture as aids to sugarcane breeding. II. Performance and yield potential of callus derived lines

Summary Thirteen callus derivatives from the sugarcane (Saccharum sp. hybrid) varieties F156 and F164 were studied to investigate the potential of tissue culture methods to generate superior germplasm for plant breeding in a field trail conducted at a single location. Comparisons between callus derivatives and donors were made for 9 characters, viz. cane yield, sugar yield, stalk number, length, diameter, volume, density, weight/stalk, and percent fiber. Statistical analyses were run, which involved stepwise multiple regression, broad-sense heritability (H), genetic advance (G). Esterase zymogram of superior callus derivatives was examined. 70–6132 was 32, 34 and 6% higher than its donor (F164) in cane yield, sugar yield and stalk number, respectively. The differences between them for the first two characters reached the 5% probability level. 70–6132 was also higher for these 3 characters than F160, the No. 1 commercial variety, by 20, 16 and 8%, respectively. 70–6136 ranked next only to 70–6132. Its grand means for these 3 characters outdid the parental (F164) means by 21, 24 and 3%, respectively. 70–6069 was significantly higher in stalk diameter and volume than most of the callus derivatives but not higher than its donor (F156). The performances of other derivatives were either similar or inferior to both their donors and F160. Stalk number, stalk length and weight/stalk accounted for 43, 29 and 18% of the variation of cane yield, respectively. H values for the 7 characters (stalk density and percent fiber were not included) ranged from 31 (stalk length) to 66% (stalk volume). G/\-x 100 for the 7 characters ranged from 3.3 (stalk length) to 18.6% (sugar yield). 70–6132 had two bands missing, 70–6069 had two bands more whereas those of 70–6136 showed no visible change, in esterase zymogram as compared with the donors. Due to the improved yield and the genetic changes revealed by the isoenzyme patterns in callus derived lines, tissue culture methods can be used to create superior varieties for agricultural use.     

Analysis of contributors to grain yield in wheat at the individual quantitative trait locus level

In wheat, strong genetic correlations have been found between grain yield (GY) and tiller number per plant (TN), fertile spikelet number per spike (FSN), kernel number per spike (KN) and thousand‐kernel weight (TKW). To investigate their genetic relationships at the individual quantitative trait locus (QTL) level, we performed both normal and multivariate conditional QTL analysis based on two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) populations. A total of 79 and 48 normal QTLs were identified in the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI)/SHW‐L1 × Chuanmai 32 (SC) populations, respectively, as well as 55 and 35 conditional QTLs. Thirty‐two QTL clusters in the ITMI population and 18 QTL clusters in the SC population explained 0.9%–46.2% of phenotypic variance for two to eight traits. A comparison between the normal and conditional QTL mapping analyses indicated that FSN made the smallest contribution to GY among the four GY components that were considered at the QTL level. The effects of TN, KN and TKW on GY were stronger at the QTL level.     

小麦抗倒性影响因子和产量因子的遗传与相关研究

旨在为小麦育种和生产上预防倒伏、提高稳产能力提供参考.以来源于野生二粒小麦远缘杂交组合的82个高代系为试材,在西北农林科技大学试验站测定并分析抗倒性影响因子和产量性状的相关性.结果表明,(1)株高与抗倒性呈负相关关系,成熟期茎壁厚与抗倒性呈正相关关系,各个性状的抗倒性排序为株高＞成熟期茎壁厚度＞单穗重＞单株重;(2)粒...     

A comparison of yield and yield component selection in winter wheat

Summary Three populations of winter wheat were formed by crossing Avrora to Sage, TAM W-101, and Danne. Approximately 10% of the F₂ plants from these crosses were selected for high and low levels of number of tillers per plant, number of kernels per spike, 1000-kernel weight, and grain yield. Forty-eight solid seeded F₃ lines obtained from the selected F₂ plants were then selected for high and low expressions of yield components and grain yield. Realized heritabilities were estimated. Indirect responses of yield to yield component selection and direct response to selection for grain yield were measured. Heritabilities were low for tiller number, number of kernels per spike and kernel weights but were high or intermediate for grain yield when selection occurred in the F₂ generation. When selection was practiced in the F₃ generation, heritabilities for tiller number and yield were low, but were intermediate to high for number of kernels per spike and kernel weight and high heritabilities were found for kernel weight. Selection for kernel weight often increased grain yield; however, direct selection for grain yields was usually as effective.Journal article no. J-4488 of the Oklahoma Agri. Exp. Stn., Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074.     

Somatic in vitro culture response of Lolium perenne L.: genetic effects and correlations with anther culture

Summary Genotypic effects on callus induction and plant regeneration in callus, suspension and protoplast culture, and their correlations with both phenotypic and GCA-values for anther culture response, were studied using 21 genotypes of perennial ryegrass. Differences between genotypes accounted for approximately 40% of the total variation for callus induction and initial callus growth, and 59 and 83% of the variation in callus culture for regeneration percentage and percentage of green plants. Effects of genotypes were less pronounced in suspension culture, where suspensions from the same genotype often behaved differently. Some suspension cultures retained their capacity for green plant regeneration for almost two years, repeatedly producing 80–100% green regenerants during this period. Genotypes with high regeneration percentage and a large proportion of green plants from callus culture were also superior in suspension culture for both regeneration performance and longevity. Regeneration percentage and percentage of green plants were uncorrelated, and probably under different genetic control. While capacity for green plant formation from the different genotypes showed no correlation between anther culture and somatic in vitro culture, a positive correlation was observed between the regeneration percentages in somatic in vitro culture and anther culture (r=0.44^*–0.85^***), suggesting some common genetic control of the two systems.     

High frequency regeneration and heritable somaclonal variation in Brassica juncea

Summary Multiple shoot formation in cotyledonary callus of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Prakash) was induced on modified MS media supplemented with high cytokinin (kinetin or zeatin) and low IAA concentrations. Complete plants were obtained on prolonged incubation of shoots on the same medium. 6-Benzyladenine alone or in combination with IAA or NAA did not support plantlet regeneration. A total of 71 plants were transferred to greenhouse. The seed, however, could be collected from 37 plants only. The seed was sown in the field to evaluate the material for somaclonal variation in R₁ generation. Data were recorded for yield, plant height, number of primary branches, siliqua number, 1,000 seed weight and oil content. Somaclonal lines showed tremendous amount of variation for all the characters studied. A number of plants in this generation showed significantly higher yield and/or other improved agriculturally important characteristics as compared to the control. A line with dwarf plant type was also identified. A number of plants were selected from this generation and carried forward to R₂ generation. Most of these lines bred true in R₂ generation. The material seems to be very promising for future breeding programmes.     

Environmental correlations among grain yield and other important traits of wheat in drylands

Summary Environmental correlation coefficients were computed among all pairs of five traits, namely grain yield, heading date, number of tillers per m², plant height and 1000-grain weight (grain size) using 30 Triticum durum and 30 Triticum aestivum varieties grown in 18 environments. Grain yield was significantly correlated with the other four traits in almost all of the varieties. The mean correlation coefficient over all varieties ranged from 0.58 to –0.83 for durum wheat and 0.66 to 0.88 for aestivum wheat. The correlation coefficients between heading date and the other traits were also significant, ranging from –0.45 to –0.79 in durum wheat and –0.61 to –0.85 in aestivum wheat. The correlation coefficient between number of tillers with plant height and 1000-grain weight were the smallest, 0.19–0.32 in durum wheat and 0.39–0.60 in aestivum wheat. It was concluded that agronomic practices favouring early and good stand establishment in the dry regions will favour the yield components and important adaptive traits, which contribute towards larger yields. Significant differences were found among genotypes in the environmental correlation coefficients and the associated changes in one trait as a result of changes in other traits.     

Coleoptile tiller development is associated with fast early vigour in wheat

Summary Faster canopy development in temperate cereals can result in more efficient utilization of wate, light and nutrients if these are in limited supply. It can also result in more competitive plants and less use of herbicides. The possible importance of the coleoptile tiller for increasing early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was determined for twelve F4 lines in two experiments. Each F4 line was chosen for variation in the presence and absence of a coleoptile tiller in plants in the previous generation; each F4 line was traced to a single F2 plant from a multiple convergent cross of sixteen parents. Eight plants of each of the F4 lines were grown in a single row in both experiments. Just after the coleoptile tiller appeared, plants within each line were classified into one of two groups; one group contained plants with large coleoptile tillers whereas the other group had either small coleoptile tillers or none at all. Leaf expansion rates were determined non-destructively at regular intervals, and plants were harvested to determine leaf and tiller characteristics when there were about five mainstem leaves. There was substantial variation in the leaf area of the coleoptile tiller both between groups and among lines. In both experiments plants with a large coleoptile tiller had 24–30% more leaf area and dry weight than plants selected with a small or absent coleoptile tiller up to the final harvest. Leaf expansion rates (increase in leaf area per day) were 25 to 35% greater in the large coleoptile tiller selections from the time tillers first appeared to the time of harvest, whereas the relative leaf expansion rate (increase in leaf area per unit of leaf area present per day) of the large selections was significantly greater than the small selections only at the time of appearance of the coleoptile tiller and just after. There was no evidence that the early appearance of a coleoptile tiller was associated with the largest seedlings or that it inhibited the growth of later tillers. It is concluded that selection for the appearance of a large coleoptile tiller should improve the early vigour of temperate cereals.Abbreviations DAS days after sowing - LA leaf area - LAR leaf area ratio - LER leaf expansion rate - RLER relative leaf expansion rate - SLA specific leaf area - VPD vapor pressure deficit - +COL large coleoptile tiller group - –COL small or absent coleoptile tiller group     

Differential responses of bread wheat characters to high temperature

Summary Agronomic and yield data were collected from two trials each containing 16 bread wheat genotypes, planted two years under late sowing conditions of high temperature (above 30° C) and one year under a normal sowing time environment. The aim was to study the character response and yield correlations with yield components and other characters under high temperature conditions with full irrigation. The results show that yield, seeds per spike, biomass, and plant height are more thermo-sensitive than spike number per square meter, 1000 kernel weight, and test weight. The grain-filling rate was more temperature-sensitive than days to anthesis and duration of grain-filling. Simple phenotypic correlation analysis indicated that yield was highly and positively correlated with seeds per spike, biomass, and harvest index (HI), independent of seasons and genotypes under high temperatures. The seeds per spike accounted for variation of yield ranging from 35.2 to 78.1%. Effect of earliness on the yield under high temperature was highly dependent on the temperature regime during the heading stage. Grains per spike, biomass, HI, and test weight could be considered potential selection criteria for yield under high temperature. Analysis of yields under normal and late sowing conditions failed to reveal any association between the yield potential in normal sowing date and the performance of varieties under high temperature.     

Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region: 1949 to 2000

To understand the genetic gains of grain yield in the Southern China Winter Wheat Region (SCWWR), two yield potential trials, i.e., YPT 1 including 11 leading cultivars from the Middle and Low Yangtze Valley (Zone III) and YPT 2 including 15 leading cultivars from the Southwestern China Region (Zone IV) from 1949 to 2000, were conduced during the 2001–2003 cropping seasons. A completely randomized block design of three replicates was employed with controlled field environments. Molecular markers were used to detect the presence of dwarfing genes and the 1B/1R translocation. Results showed that average annual genetic gain was 0.31% (P < 0.05) or 13.96 kg/ha/year and 0.74% (P < 0.01) or 40.80 kg/ha/year in Zones III and IV, respectively. In YPT 1, changes of all other traits were not significant, but plant height was significantly reduced. In YPT 2, the genetic improvement of grain yield was primarily attributed to the increased thousand kernel weight (TKW) (0.65%, P < 0.01) and kernel weight/spike (0.87%, P < 0.01), reduced plant height and increased harvest index (HI). The dwarfing gene Rht 8 was most frequently present (46.1%), Rht-B1b was observed in three genotypes in Zone III, and Rht-D1b was present in only one genotype in Zone IV. The 1B/1R translocation was present in four genotypes. Utilization of Italian germplasm and development of landmark cultivar Fan 7 were the key factors for grain yield improvement in SCWWR. The future challenge of wheat breeding in this region is to continue improving grain yield and disease resistance, and to develop cultivars suitable for the reduced tillage of wheat/rice double cropping. Utilization of Mexican germplasm could provide opportunities for future yield improvement.     

Phenotypic divergence for morphological and yield-related traits among landrace genotypes of durum wheat from Jordan

Summary Landrace genotypes of durum wheat, from 10 districts in Jordan, have been evaluated for 18 morphological and yield related traits. Results of multivariate analysis, including analysis of variance, cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis, indicate that the magnitude of phenotypic divergence in these landrace genotypes is large, especially when compared with a world collection of durum wheat. These results provide an experimental evidence for phenotypic differentiation as a result of variation in altitude and long-term average rainfall of collection sites, but not on the basis of district of collection. R²-values for fit to least squares model ranged from 67.0–78.0%, and from 18.5–30.0%, for the first and second cases, respectively. Landrace genotypes from different districts formed 5 clusters on the basis of altitude and long-term average rainfall of collection site. Three canonical factors accounted for 92% of total variance in these clusters. The first canonical factor accounted for 57% of total variance and was mainly correlated with spike length, awn length and spikelets/spike. The second canonical factor accounted for 22% of total variance and was positively correlated with peduncle length, seed weight per plant, kernel weight and ratio of peduncle length to plant height. However, it was negatively correlated with awn length. The phenotypic diversity found in these landrace genotypes could help identify genetically different genotypes for durum wheat improvement.     

不同生态区玉米产量及农艺性状比较

为进一步明晰东北华北春播区和黄淮海夏播区玉米生产的特征,从区域试验对照品种农大108和郑单958入手,对两个区域玉米产量及主要农艺性状进行比较和阐述。结果表明,东华北春玉米平均比黄淮海夏玉米增产1.4－2.0t/hm2,并且其产量优势在生育期、株高和穗位高、产量构成等方面都有着较好的体现。与黄淮海夏玉米相比,东华北春玉米生育期延长30天左右;株高和穗位高分别增加0.15m－0.23m和0.09m－0.15m;穗粒数和千粒重平均增加19.9%－25.4%和9.7％－16.5%。黄淮海区夏玉米粒重和穗粒数都有更大可提升的空间,而东华北春玉米增产主要靠增加穗粒数。     

Seed production and breeding potential of the fluted pumpkin,Telfairia occidentalis

Summary Studies during 1980–1987 relating to seed production of the fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.) are summarized. Essentially, the dioecious nature of the crop makes sex-ratios of plants affect the number of fruit-bearing females. Overall, about 50% of plants are female, of which some 15% are fruitless. Each fruit-bearing female has 1.5 fruits that contain 60 seeds. The mean weight of seeds is 15 g, and 74% of this total seed weight comprise the seed kernel which contains about 40% oil. Thus, a yield estimate of seed kernels reaches 1.9 t/ha; an output that is superior to that of most other oil seeds now being exploited for seed oil and cake in Nigeria. Measures to raise seed yields and the possibility of breeding work are discussed.     

Somaclonal variants of sunflower with modified coumarin expression under stress

Summary Two coumarins, scopoletin and ayapin, have been shown to accumulate in sunflower following insect damage or fungal infection (Tal & Robeson, 1986a, 1986b & Olson, 1989). The technique of shoot regeneration from embryo-derived callus was used to produce somaclonal variants of sunflower with enhanced levels of coumarin expression after an applied stress. Five regenerates (R1–R5) of inbred lines RHA 297 produced viable seeds following self-pollination. One of the S1 families from these plants had significantly higher concentration of scopoletin (12.75 g/g fresh weight) compared to the parental inbred line (5.66 g/g). The increased levels of scopoletin in S1 plants were partially inherited after a second self-fertilization (S2 plants). The ploidy of the regenerates and their S1 and S2 progeny was not examined. No consistent correlation between higher levels of scopoletin in stimulated S1 and S2 plants, and deterrence to feeding of Heliothis virescens (Fab) larvae on unstimulated plants was shown after in vivo assays. From inbred line HA 300, three regenerates (H1–H3) were derived which produced S1 progeny with higher or lower concentrations of ayapin or scopoletin than the parental inbred. The inheritance of increased ayapin in the HA 300-derived lines was not assessed in the S2 generation because of poor seed germination. Feeding deterrence of H. virescens larvae was not consistently correlated with ayapin concentrations in S1 progeny of HA 300 regenerates. However, a correlation (-0.61) between ayapin concentration and daily feeding score was observed in one planting of these unstimulated S1 progeny. Sunflower germplasm was developed with enhanced levels of stress-induced coumarin expression through somaclonal variation and this germplasm may also show increased resistance to some leaf-feeding insects.     

Analysis of an incomplete diallel cross among three ssp. tuberosum varieties and seven long-day adapted ssp. andigena clones of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Summary The main aim of the experiment was to study the behaviour of seven long-day adapted clones of Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena (A) and three varieties of S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum (T) in an incomplete diallel cross. The four groups of crosses, TxT, TxA, AxT and AxA, held 2, 12, 20 and 21 populations, respectively. Eleven of the intersubspecific crosses were exact reciprocals. Thirty random clones per population were grown as second clonal generation in an incomplete block design with four replications in plots of two plants per clone in 1980, the parents included in many plots. Data were recorded on ten characters.The results showed that group TxA gave the highest tuber yield and AxT the second highest. The F-values indicated highly significant genotypic effects for all characters in all populations. The mean genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV), were the highest for group AxA for all characters. The ANOVA, based on population means showed significant mean squares for general combining abilities (GCA) and for differences of reciprocalls for all characters; the specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant only for date of emergence, plant height and haulm type. Almost all GCA effects of the parents were significant positive or negative. Several populations showed also significant SCA effects. The correlations between the GCA effects and the parental values were of about the same magnitude as the heritabilities; those between the population means and the midparental values were slightly lower.Compared to the midparental values, most populations showed significant positive heterosis for date of emergence, haulm type, number of tubers and under water weight; all populations had significant negative heterosis for mean tuber weight and nearly all for plant height and general impression. All populations from groups TxT and AxA had significant negative heterosis for tuber yield and so had 13 out of the 20 populations from group AxT, while seven of the 12 from group TxA showed significant positive and four significant negative heterosis. The average heterosis for tuber yield of group TxT was –11%, of TxA 3.4%, of AxT–9% and of AxA–18%. The highest mean tuber yields were obtained from crosses with a very high yielding A-parent as female, while the heterosis was negative. Though significant differences between the 11 reciprocals occurred for all characters, consistent differences occurred only for tuber yield. Averaged over the 11 crosses the TxA populations outyielded their exact reciprocals by 10.7%. For the highest tuber yields in A-T crosses, therefore, the tuberosum cytoplasm seems to be preferable. By contrast for a high male fertility the andigena cytoplasm is preferable.     

不同薏苡品种（系）生产力水平分析

为探究适合云南省薏苡种植的新品种（系）,以提高云南薏苡种植的生产力水平。通过对10个薏苡品系在云南省文山地区进行生产力的比较试验,对薏苡农艺性状（生育期、株高、茎粗、有效分蘖数、单株总果数、百粒重等）进行比较鉴定与评价,并对其产量进行分析比较。结果表明：1）有效分蘖数、单株总果数、百粒重与产量呈正相关,其中百粒重与产量的相关性显著;2）YLO、Y7—1生育期较短,植株较矮,茎秆细,株型紧凑,抗倒伏性强,是理想的株型;3）Y9—7、Y3—4、Y12—2黑为中晚熟品种,百粒重高、籽粒外观好、产量高;4）YGL、文薏二号为晚熟品种,生育期在150~155天之间,植株高、分蘖力强、茎秆粗、生物产量高,但经济产量较低;5）从薏苡的综合性状、产量、适应性等指标来看,参试的品系Y9—7、Y3—4、Y12—2（黑）优势明显,更符合选育优质、高产的新品种（系）。     

Coagulable protein in potato: Screening method and prospects for breeding

Summary From tubers of 34 varieties of Solanum tuberosum, extracts were prepared and analysed for crude protein and coagulable protein by the Kjeldahl method. Content of coagulable protein was 0.37–1.24%. From the same material, juice was prepared with a juice centrifuge and analysed for coagulable protein by the Kjeldahl and microbiuret method. The average amount of coagulable protein in the juice was 81.8% of the total coagulable protein. The correlation coefficient between coagulable protein in the juice and total coagulable protein was 0.956. The correlation coefficient between Kjeldahl and microbiuret data for coagulable protein in the juice was 0.956. Analysis of tuber juice by the microbiuret method is recommended as a rapid screening technique for coagulable protein.Relationships between protein data of the 34 varieties and earliness, yield and content of dry matter were analysed statistically. Content of coagulable protein in fresh material correlated with content of dry matter (rs=–0.756), yield of fresh potatoes (r=–0.615) and earliness (r=–0.361) but not significantly with yield of dry matter (rs=–0.309). Coagulable protein in dry matter correlated with fresh yield (r=–0.525), but not significantly with content of dry matter (r=–0.260), yield of dry matter (r=–0.131) and earliness (r=–0.054). Path coefficient analysis showed that 67% of the variation in coagulable protein in fresh material was statistically determined by earliness, content of dry matter, fresh yield and content of uncoagulable protein in fresh material, whereas only 34% of the variation in content of coagulable protein in dry matter was determined by these components. A high content of coagulable protein in fresh or dry matter can be combined with early maturity and with high yield of dry matter. Coagulable protein in dry matter seems to be a more suitable criterion of selection than coagulable protein in fresh material.     

Selection for biomass yield in wheat

Summary Biomass (above ground plant parts) yield may be a useful selection trait for yield improvement in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study was conducted to estimate realized heritability of biomass yield and to determine the response to selection for high and low biomass yield in 8 genetically diverse populations of spring wheat under two production systems. Selections were made among the F₃ lines. Progenies of the selected lines were evaluated in replicated field tests in the F₄ generation under high fertility and low fertility production systems at Rampur, Nepal, in 1991. Fertility level had a significant effect on biomass yield, grain yield, effective tiller number, number of kernels per spike, thousand kernel weight, and harvest index. Selection in the F₃ for high and low biomass yield was effective in identifying F₄ lines with high and low biomass yield, respectively. Biomass yield differences between high and low selection groups in the F₄ generation, expressed as percent of the mean of the low selection group and averaged over the eight populations, were 53.9 and 36.5% higher than the mean of the low selection group under the high and the low fertility production systems, respectively. The corresponding figures for grain yield were 48.8 and 34.9% under the high and the low production systems, respectively. Also, selection for high biomass yield resulted in higher effective tiller number, and number of kernels per spike, but lower harvest index. Realized heritability estimates for biomass yield were greater at high fertility (range 0.49 to 0.85) than at low fertility (range 0.22 to 0.44). Biomass yield showed positive genotypic correlations with grain yield, effective tiller number, and number of kernels per spike but a negative correlation with harvest index. The results indicated that selection for high biomass yield should bring about positive improvements in biomass yield, grain yield, effective tiller number, and number of kernels per spike. The correlation between F₃ and F₄ generations suggested that biomass yield in the F₃ generation was a good predictor of biomass yield and grain yield in the F₄ generation. Selection for biomass yield in wheat should be made under the standard production system to obtain a realistic response.     

粘果山羊草在小麦改良中的初步应用

为了将粘果山羊草的优异农艺性状转移到小麦背景中,本研究用(粘果山羊草/中国春)杂交F1代与普通小麦亲本复交并自交,共获得了42个F4代单株及其衍生的42个F5代株系,并从主要农艺性状、细胞学和高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)等方面对这一批材料进行了研究。研究发现：1、上述F5代株系在形态上与普通小麦十分相似,部分株系的分蘖数和条锈病抗性有显著提高, 部分株系的千粒重表现出超亲现象,具有一定的育种利用价值;2、12个F4代植株的细胞学鉴定发现：7个单株的染色体数目与普通小麦不一致,其中1个单株还可能存在不稳定结构变异。这表明部分参试单株存在细胞学不稳定性现象,需要进一步自交纯合和鉴定;3、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测发现除1株变异株J7-4外,其余材料的HMW-GS组成均和普通小麦亲本一致,变异株的变异机理和它对品质的影响还有待进一步深入研究。本研究为小麦育种提供了一批优异的育种材料。