秦川牛血液蛋白多态性与繁殖性状关系的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定了秦川牛（148头）血红蛋白（Hb）、运铁蛋白（Tf）、后运铁蛋白（PTf）、血清白蛋白（Alb）和后白蛋白（Pa）的遗传多样性。分析了各多态座位不同基因型与秦川牛若干繁殖性状的关系。结果表明：HbAA型母牛的初情期年龄（AFS），初产年龄（AFC）极显著早于HbAB型母牛（P〈0．01）。TfAA型母牛的初情期和初产年龄显著早于TfDD型母牛（P〈0．05）。PTf SS型母牛的初情期显著早于PTf FS型母牛和PTf FF型母牛（P〈0．05）。Alb AA型母牛的初情期显著早于Alb AC型母牛（P〈0．05）。Tf A基因对D基因的替代平均效应值初情期提前1．68d，初产年龄提前19．89d。AlbA基因对B基因的替代平均效应值初情期提前8．06d。     

5个地方山羊品种血液蛋白多态性及分类的研究

为进一步开发和利用山羊，采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对我国5个地方山羊品种的8个血液蛋白位点进行了多态性检测，结果发现Hb、Alb、Tf、Po、Am等5个位点为多态位点，Cp、Es、Sα2等3个位点为单态位点。通过遗传距离的聚类分析将5个山羊品种分成3类：湘东黑山羊和武雪山羊为一类；内蒙古白绒山羊和辽宁盖县白绒山羊为一类；马头山羊单列为一类。此外，对血清蛋白的染色方法进行了改良。     

新疆天山马鹿血液蛋白多态的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了40头新疆天山马鹿的血清白蛋白(Alb),前白蛋白(Pro),转铁蛋白(Tf),前转铁蛋白(Prt),血红蛋白(Hb)5个蛋白座位的基因型频率、基因频率和群体遗传变异指标,以便为天山马鹿选种选配繁育工作提供理论依据。结果表明,Alb座位呈单态为AA型,其余各蛋白座位均呈多态。Pro有1种基因型AB,受A、B 2个等位基因控制;Hb有2种基因型AB、BB,受A、B 2个等位基因所控制;Prt有5种基因型AA、AB、BB、AC、BC,受A、B、C 3个等位基因控制;Tf有4种基因型AB、BB、AC、BC,受A、B、C 3个等位基因控制。群体遗传变异分析结果表明,Prt、Tf、Alb、Pro、Hb的杂合度分别为0.667,0.610,0,0.513,0.431。基因多态信息含量分别为0.575,0.528,0,0.375,0.332。平均杂合度为0.4442,平均多态信息含量为0.362,表明天山马鹿的遗传多样性丰富,具有较大的遗传潜力。     

三个山羊群体血液蛋白多态性研究

采用垂直平板不连续缓冲系统聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法 ,研究了安哥拉山羊和建昌黑山羊及其高代杂种羊 (F3 ) 9个血液蛋白基因座 (Alb、Pr、Pa、Tf、Hp、Hb、LDH、Akp、Amy)的遗传多态性。结果表明 :安哥拉山羊与F3 血液Alb、Pr、Pa、LDH、Amy呈单态 ,Tf、Hp、Hb、Akp呈多态 ;建昌黑山羊血液Alb、Pr、Pa、Tf、Hp、Hb、LDH、Amy呈单态 ,Akp呈多态。根据所测座位的基因频率计算了群体平均基因杂合度和一致度 ,以及群体间遗传相似系数和遗传距离 ,安哥拉山羊的平均基因杂合度与一致度分别为 0 .1131和 0 .886 9,建昌黑山羊的相应值分别为 0 .0 6 2 1t 0 .9379,F3 则分别为 0 .110 3和0 .8897。安哥拉山羊与F3 的遗传距离小 (0 .0 0 39)、遗传相似系数大 (0 .996 1)。     

平武黄牛血红蛋白和血清运铁蛋白多态性研究

应用醋酸纤维薄膜和垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对四川平武黄牛地方牛种的血红蛋白（Hb)和血清运铁蛋白（Tf)座位多态性进行了分析。结果表明：平武黄牛Hb座位含有3种基因HbA,HbB和HbC,HbC为优势基因，组成5种表现型，同时发现了2头突变个体（基因型暂定为AX型）；Tf座位有4个等位基因，TfD1和TfE为优势基因，组成10种表现型；与秦川牛，宣汉牛比较，Hb和Tf座位的不同基因及基因型频率都有很大差异。     

塞北兔血液蛋白多态性研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对塞北兔血液中的红细胞酯酶（Es-1,ES-3)、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞碳酸酐酶（CA）、血清转铁蛋白（Tf）、前转铁蛋白（Prt）、后白蛋白（Po）、白蛋白（Alb）和血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）共9个蛋白位点的遗传多态性进行了检测。结果表明，在塞北兔群体中，Hb、Alb和Tf呈单态，Es-1、Es-3、Prt、Po、AKP和CA呈多态。根据多态蛋白位点的基因频率计算遗传距离，并用类平均聚类法进行聚类分析。结果表明，塞北兔与比利时兔遗传相似系数最大，遗传距离最近，与加利福尼亚兔遗传相似系数最小，遗传距离最远。     

江西地方猪种血液蛋白及酶的多态性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和淀粉凝胶电泳方法测定了１４个江西地方猪种的血清转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）、前白蛋白（Ｐａ）、后白蛋白（Ｐｏ）、淀粉酶（Ａｍ）、血液结合素（Ｈｐｘ）和铜蓝蛋白（Ｃｐ）的多态性，统计和计算了基因频率、标准遗传距离，并进行了聚类分析。结果表明，江西地方猪种在Ｔｆ、Ｐａ、Ｐｏ、Ａｍ、Ｈｐｘ位点存在高度的多态性，各品种间的标准遗传距离从０．００５５～０．２２５１不等，显示江西地方猪种存在明显的遗传多样性。     

甘肃马鹿血液蛋白多态性及其与产茸量关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了66头甘肃马鹿的8个血液蛋白位点的基因频率、基因型频率和群体遗传变异指标,建立了产茸量与多态位点之间的线性相关模型.结果表明:甘肃马鹿各蛋白位点中,Tf、Hb、Alb、Pa、Prt1、Prt2、血清ES分别有3、1、1、2、2、2和3种基因型.未检测到红细胞ES;Tf和Prt2的基因型频率偏离Hardy-Wein-berg平衡;Tf的变异程度最大(杂合度为0.586 3),杂合度的大小顺序为Tf>Prt2>ES>Pa>Prt1>Hb=Alb.群体的平均杂合度为0.350 5;各多态住点中仅有Prt1与产茸量之间存在显著正相关(P<0.05),而且Prt1的AA型产茸量明显高于其他各位点基因型.由此可见,Prt1位点的AA型可用来标记甘肃马鹿的品种特征.     

兰州大尾羊血液蛋白(酶)多态性的研究

以126只兰州大尾羊为实验对象,采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对血清酯酶(Es)、淀粉酶(Amy)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(Alb)、后白蛋白(Po)和转铁蛋白(Tf)等7个蛋白位点进行了多态性检测和遗传多态性分析。结果表明,在所检测的7个蛋白位点中,Es、Hb、Po和Tf等4个蛋白位点表现多态性,而Alb、Amy和LDH等3种蛋白(酶)未检测到多态性。其中,Es基因座上共检测到3种基因型,即Es++、Es+-、Es--;Po基因座上表现出2种基因型,即AA、AB;Tf蛋白位点上表现出5种基因型,分别为AC、BB、CC、BC、CD;Hb蛋白位点上表现出3种基因型,分别是AA、AB、BB。群体遗传分析表明,Es、Hb、Po、Tf的杂合度分别为0.4987、0.4574、0.3346、0.5547。Es、Hb、Po、Tf蛋白位点有效等位基因数分别为1.9948、1.8430、1.5029、2.2457。卡方检验表明,在Es、Po、Tf、Hb多态性位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。兰州大尾羊种内平均有效等位基因数、平均杂合度、平均多态信息含量分别为1.8966、0.4614、0.3802。平均杂合度和有效等位基因数呈明显下降趋势。     

波德代羊及其杂种羊血液蛋白多态性研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对首次引入我国的肉用品种绵羊波德代及其杂种一、二、三代和当地蒙古羊的血液蛋白(酶)多态性进行了检测分析。结果表明:波德代羊及其杂种和蒙古羊在Hb、Tf、Es三个基因座上存在多态性。其中Hb和Es的基因座均由两个等位基因控制,而Tf的基因座则由三个等位基因控制。从三个基因座的Nei氏平均基因杂合度估计绵羊品种内遗传变异,发现以蒙古羊为最低,其杂合度为0.3903。品种聚类分析也符合群体遗传学原理。     

贵州剑河白、黑香猪的血液蛋白多态性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定贵州剑河白、黑香猪血清转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ） 、前白蛋白（Ｐａ） 、后白蛋白（Ｐｏ） 、淀粉酶（Ａｍ） ,酯酶（Ｅｓ） 的遗传多态性。并计算它们的基因型频率和基因频率,以及５ 个多态位点的平均杂合度。结果表明,贵州剑河白、黑香猪５ 个多态位点的基因型频率和基因频率差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） ,平均杂合度均较小,且两者间差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。     

Genetic resistance of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to Trypanoplasma borreli: influence of transferrin polymorphisms

In serum most of the iron molecules are bound to transferrin (Tf), which is a highly polymorphic protein in fish. Tf is an essential growth factor for mammalian trypanosomes. We performed a series of experiments with Trypanoplasma borreli to detect putative correlations between different Tf genotypes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and susceptibility to this blood parasite. Five genetically different, commercially exploited carp lines (Israelian 'D', Polish 'R2' and 'K', Ukrainian 'Ur', Hungarian 'R0') and a reference laboratory cross ('R3xR8') were challenged with T. borreli and parasitaemia measured to determine susceptibility to the parasite. Among the commercial carp lines, Israelian 'D' carp were identified as most and Polish 'R2' carp as least susceptible, and used to produce a next generation and reciprocal crosses. These progenies were challenged with T. borreli and parasitaemia measured. We demonstrated significant effects of genetic background of the carp lines on susceptibility to T. borreli. This genetic effect was preserved in a next generation. We also observed a significant male effect on susceptibility to T. borreli in the reciprocal crosses. Serum samples from a representative number of fish from two infection experiments were used for Tf genotyping by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), identifying DD, DG and DF as most frequent Tf genotypes. We could detect a significant association of the homozygous DD genotype with low parasitaemia in the least susceptible 'R2' (and 'K') carp lines and the lack of a such an association in the most susceptible 'D' carp line. Upon examination of parasite growth in vitro in culture media supplemented with 3% serum taken from fish with different Tf genotypes, we could show a faster decrease in number of parasites in culture media with serum from DD-typed animals.     

甘肃滩羊血液蛋白多态性及标记性状的应用研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,测定分析了甘肃皋兰、景泰及靖远 3个滩羊种群Hb、Tf、Es、Amy、Alb、EP - 1、EP - 2 7个蛋白座位的多态性。除了Amy、Alb、EP - 1、EP - 2四个座位呈现单态外 ,其余 3个蛋白座位都表现出丰富的多态性。Hb、Tf、Es在 3个滩羊地方种群中表现出地区分布和选育不同程度的差异性。Hb和Es基因座各具有 3种基因型 ,受两个等位基因控制 ,其中HbB 基因在 3个群体中均占优势。Es-基因在皋兰和景泰群体中占优势 ,Es+ 在靖远群体中占优势 ;Tf基因座有 2 1种基因型 ,受 8个复等位基因控制 ,其中TfB、TfC 基因和TfBC、TfCC基因型在 3个群体中均占优势。甘肃滩羊 3个地方种群的Nei氏预期平均基因杂合度 (H)都很低 ,其值分别为 0 .2 0 37、0 .2 0 2 1和 0 .2 2 5 4 ;滩羊群体间的平均基因多样度 (Dst)和基因分化系数 (Gst)的值分别为 0 .0 0 19和 0 .0 0 90。结合羔羊肥育试验筛选出HbAA、Es+ + 两个高产基因型 ,作为滩羊肉用选育方向的标记辅助选择 ,并建立了与部分生产性能相关的多元回归线性数学模型     

Effect of Peganum harmala (wild rue) extract on experimental ovine malignant theileriosis: pathological and parasitological findings

Malignant theileriosis of sheep is a highly fatal, acute or subacute disease is caused by the tick-borne protozoan parasite, Theileria hirci. In this investigation ten healthy male lambs aged 5-6 months were randomly divided into two groups, A and B and were kept in isolated tick-proof pens. They were treated for internal and external parasite before commencement of the experiment. The lambs were experimentally infected with T. hirci by placing ticks Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum infected with T. hirci on them. The ticks used in this survey had originally been isolated from sheep and colonies of them were established in an insectarium. Before and after infection rectal temperatures and clinical signs of the lambs were recorded, blood and prescapular lymph node smears were prepared and examined to determine the extent of the parasitaemia, and blood samples were analyzed to evaluate their haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) rates. Three days after the commencement of a febrile reaction and appearance of the schizonts in the lymph node smears, treatment of the lambs in Group A with an extract containing the alkaloids of Peganum harmala (wild rue) was commenced. Group B lambs were kept untreated controls. Before treatment there were no significant differences in the rectal temperature, parasitaemia rate, and the Hb and PCV values between animals in the two groups but after treatment significant differences in these values was detected (P < 0.05). After treatment, the clinical signs and parasites in the lymph node smears of the animals in Group A disappeared and they all animals recovered. These parameters in the animals of Group B progressed until their death. Pathological studies showed the characteristic lesions of theileriosis in lambs in Group B, but not in Group A. The results indicate a therapeutic effect of the alkaloids of P. harmala for treatment of ovine malignant theileriosis.     

湖南地方猪种群亲缘关系的生化遗传学研究

采用改进的淀粉凝胶电泳测定了湖南地方猪11个种群的T_f 、Pa、Hpx、Po、Cp、Am多态性,统计和计算了基因频率,标准遗传距离及其位点内取样方差,作了聚类分析。揭示了湖南地方猪种6个血清蛋白质位点的遗传规律;将湖南地方猪11个种群分为3类。分析了湖南地方猪与江西、东亚地方猪和美国猪种的遗传关系。     

甘肃黑猪血浆蛋白多态性与初生重、早期日增重关系的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (PAGE)对 37头甘肃黑猪合成系猪的转铁蛋白 (Tf)、前白蛋白 (Pa)、脂酶 (Es)、淀粉酶 1 (Am1 )、淀粉酶 2(Am2 ) 5个蛋白质基因座的多态性进行了检测。并运用通用线性模型分析了这 5个蛋白质基因座的共 1 7种基因型对初生重、 45日龄内平均日增重的相关效应。结果表明Am1AA型具有显著提高初生重的效应 ,PaAA型具有显著提高 45日龄内平均日增重的效应。因此这 2个位点可望用于标记辅助选择。     

天山马鹿清原品系血液蛋白多态性及其与产茸量关系的研究

本试验对天山马鹿清原品系 1 0种血液蛋白位点分布进行了遗传检测 ,结果表明 :Hb、Tf、Alb、AKP、Ptf1 、Pa1 、α -gl、β1 -gl、β2 -gl和γ - gl分别受 1个基因位点上的 3,2 ,1 ,3,5 ,2 ,2 ,4,3和 1个等位基因控制 ;群体的遗传变异性结果表明 ,该品系群体的均质度较高 ,选育已达到比较纯化的程度 ;多重比较结果表明 :Tf和Hb型与产茸量之间存在着一定的关系 ,可作为产茸量的遗传标记 ,TfAA、TfCC和HbAB型的产茸量显著或极显著地高于其它基因型(P <0 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1 ) ,为优势基因型     

利用血液蛋白质(酶)分析狼山鸡的遗传多态性

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定了狼山鸡的6个血液蛋白质（酶）座位。结果表明：运铁蛋白（Tf）、碱性磷酸酶（Akp-1）、前白蛋白（Pa）、淀粉酶（Amy-1）、后白蛋白（po）和酯酶（Es-1）6个蛋白座位表现多态性，其平均杂合度为0．2949。分析表明，狼山鸡遗传多样性程度相对较高，遗传选择潜力大。     

Effects of hyperosmolar ionic and low osmolar non-ionic contrast media on coagulation times and some blood parameters in dogs: an in vivo study

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolar ionic contrast media (CM) (diatrizoate) and low osmolar non-ionic CM (iohexol and ioxilan) on coagulation time and some blood parameters in dogs in vivo. The animals were divided into three groups in equal numbers. The dogs in groups I, II and III received diatrizoate, iohexol and ioxilan at the dose of 700 mgI/kg intravenously (IV) as a bolus, respectively. Administration of contrast media and blood samples were collected from vena cephalica antebrachii prior to CM administration and thereafter at 3, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 180 min and 24 h to measure the coagulation factors [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothorombin time (PT), fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products] and some other blood parameters [red blood cells, platelet, white blood cells, haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobin (Hb)]. While a statistically significant decrease was observed on APTT at 15 min in group III, no significant differences were found in groups I and II. All the groups had insignificant alterations for PT, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product, following CM administration. Significant decreases were observed for platelet at 3 min in all groups. This decrease was also significant at 15- and 30- min intervals in group I. There were significant decreases for erythrocytes, Ht and Hb measurements within 30 min, and no significant alterations were observed for leucocytes within 60 min in all groups compared with baseline values. No differences were observed with regard to coagulation times and some blood parameters as far as long-lasting and major effects of each CM are concerned.     

草原红牛血液蛋白多态性及与生产性能相关性

为探索草原红牛血液蛋白多态性与生产性能的相关关系,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法检测了13头草原红牛和18头利×草杂交牛的血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(Alb)和后白蛋白(Pa)3个血液蛋白多态性位点.结果发现Hb、Alb、Pa分别受2个等位基因控制,其中Hb在草原红牛中发现1头牛有4条带的变异;血液蛋白多态性位点与生产性能的方差分析表明,3个蛋白位点对草原红牛及其利木赞改良牛群体的某些性状存在正相关或负相关.