Plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations involved in the somatotropic axis of Japanese Black heifers in association with growth hormone gene polymorphism

Bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene polymorphism of leucine (Leu)-threonine (Thr) (allele A), valine (Val)-Thr (allele B), and Val-methionine (Met) (allele C) at codons 127 and 172 was shown to relate with carcass trait variations in Japanese Black cattle. In this study, 10-mo-old Japanese Black heifers with growth hormone (GH) genotypes AA, AB, BB, AC, BC, and CC (N = 141) were compared for basal GH, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin, ghrelin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Growth hormone release was also measured as response to growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) (0.4 μg/kg body weight [BW]) using 18 heifers with GH genotypes AA, BB, and CC (n = 6 for each group). The genotype AA heifers showed the greatest BW among genotypes (P < 0.05). Genotype AC, BC, and CC heifers showed greater GH concentrations than genotype AA, AB, or BB heifers, in which genotype CC heifers had the highest concentrations (P < 0.05). However, IGF-1 concentrations did not significantly differ. The genotype AA and BB heifers had a greater GH release at 60 min following GHRH injection than did the genotype CC heifers. The area under the curve (AUC; P < 0.07) and incremental area (IA; P < 0.08) of GH responses to the GHRH challenge tended to be the highest in the genotype AA heifers and the lowest in the genotype CC heifers. In conclusion, GH gene polymorphism altered GH, which may have contributed to differences in BW and carcass traits among genotypes.     

鲁西黄牛GH基因3′末端序列多态性及其与生产性状的关联分析

本研究检测了鲁西黄牛GH基因3′末端序列的多态性,并分析了其与生产性状的相关性。结果发现,由于2639 bp处碱基C→G的突变造成HaeⅢ内切酶增加了一个酶切位点,该位点检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型。利用最小二乘拟合线性模型对GH基因多态位点不同基因型与生产性状指标进行显著性检验,结果发现,GH位点上AB基因型的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围和肉用指数显著高于AA、BB基因型(P0.05);BB基因型的个体体重、体高、体斜长、胸围和肉用指数略高于AA基因型,但差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,等位基因B可初步确定为影响牛体重、体高、体斜长、胸围和肉用指数的优势基因。     

雪龙黑牛GH、CAPN1和CAST基因多态性及其与经济性状的相关性研究

本研究以大连雪龙产业集团的F2代商品雪龙黑牛为试验动物,利用PCR-RFLP技术研究生长激素(GH)、钙激活蛋白酶(CAPN1)、钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因的遗传多态性,并用最小二乘法拟合线性模型对各标记基因型与肉牛经济性状进行关联分析.结果显示,GH-P3、CAPN1 316和CAST-UoG SNPs位点属于中度多态.GH-P3位点与三角牛腩厚极显著相关(P<0.01),与上脑盖重、脂色等级显著相关(P<0.05),其中AA基因型个体三角牛腩厚分别比AB和BB基因型个体厚0.42、0.60 cm,上脑盖重分别比AB和BB基因型个体重0.52、0.78 kg,脂色等级分别比AB和BB基因型个体高0.95、1.16;CAST-UoG位点与三角牛腩厚和脂肪厚显著相关(P<0.05),其中AA基因型个体三角牛腩厚分别比AB和BB基因型个体厚0.32、0.30 cm,脂肪厚分别比AB和BB基因型个体厚0.80、0.47 cm;CAPN1 316位点与所研究的经济性状无明显的相关性(P>0.05).因此,在雪龙黑牛选育过程中可以把AA基因型作为标记基因型进行品种选育.     

中国西门塔尔牛GH基因SNPs与经济性状的关联分析

本试验采用PCR-RFLP和DNA测序等技术检测牛生长激素基因P3位点（growth hormone,GH-P3）在中国西门塔尔牛群体中的多态性,并利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型对该位点与牛经济性状进行关联分析。结果表明,BB基因型个体胴体重和净肉重极显著高于AA和AB基因型个体（P＜0.01）,屠宰率和净肉率显著高于AA和AB基因型（P＜0.05）,AA基因型背膘厚极显著低于AB、BB基因型（P＜0.01）。本研究结果显示,GH-P3位点对中国西门塔尔牛个体胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率及背膘厚等经济性状有显著或极显著的影响,为中国西门塔尔牛重要经济性状的分子标记辅助选择（MAS）及品系培育提供理论依据。     

变性高效液相色谱分析猪GH基因单核苷酸多态性及与生产性能的关系

选取参考家系资源群体共357个个体作为试验材料,采用变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)技术,在猪生长激素(GH)基因包含第5外显子区的572 bp序列进行未知SNPs的筛选,对有变异的色谱峰型进行分类、测序,结果发现在该区域有4处变异,其中+1579位点的变异可以用基因型频率(AA、AB、BB)和基因频率来估算。对该位点变异与生产性能进行相关性分析得到不同基因型个体与参考家系中的测定重、体长、体高、胸宽、胸围、腿臀围、胴体A、B、C点膘厚、平均膘厚等生产性能之间没有显著差异;但BB基因型个体的测定重、体长、体高、胸宽、胸围都高于AA和AB基因型个体;BB基因型个体的腿臀围、胴体A、B、C点膘厚及平均膘厚则均低于AA和AB基因型个体;BB基因型个体的断奶后日增重显著高于AB基因型个体(P<0.05),也高于AA基因型个体,但差异未达到显著水平;BB基因型个体达100 kg日龄显著低于AB基因型个体(P<0.05),比AA基因型个体达100 kg日龄也低,但它们之间的差异不显著。     

豁眼鹅GH基因外显子2多态性与体重和体尺性状的关联分析

实验旨在探究对豁眼鹅体重和体尺性状进行选育的有效分子标记,根据GenBank鹅GH基因的cDNA序列以及前人的研究设计引物,以饲养于辽宁省和江苏省同批出雏的豁眼鹅,共计552只为实验材料,利用PCR-SSCP方法对GH基因外显子2进行SNPs检测,并将纯合基因型进行克隆测序。结果表明:豁眼鹅GH基因外显子2共有2个SNPs突变位点,得到10种基因型AA、BB、CC、DD、AB、AC、AD、BC、BD和CD,等位基因D的频率较高;经χ2检验,公、母鹅群体以及整个群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;将氨基酸序列突变和未突变的基因型分别合并后得到的3种基因型与10周龄体重和体尺性状进行关联分析发现,基因型对体重和部分体尺性状均有极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)影响;在公鹅和母鹅群体中,合并后的AB型与BB型分别为高生产性能基因型,可以作为对豁眼鹅体重和体尺性状进行选育的分子标记。     

宁夏西门塔尔杂种牛UCP2基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联性分析

本研究利用PCR-SSCP技术结合DNA测序确定UCP2基因SNP位点,检测其在宁夏西门塔尔杂种牛群体中的多态性,并分析其与生长性状的关联性。结果表明,UCP2基因第1外显子存在3个SNPs位点,分别为T632C、A655G和A689C,结合PCR-SSCP结果分析后,分为AA、BB、AB 3种基因型。不同月龄体高、体重、胸围、体斜长,总体呈AA>AB>BB。AA基因型个体在不同月龄体高、胸围显著或极显著高于BB基因型（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,与AB基因型之间存在差异,但差异不显著（P > 0.05）。可以确定,T632C位点发生的碱基突变对宁夏西门塔尔杂种牛的体重性状选育存在显著意义,AA基因型个体可作为后期选育方向。     

Correlation Analysis between UCP2 Gene and Growth Traits in Ningxia Hibrid Simmental Cattle

To find genotype with fast growth rates in Ningxia hibrid Simmental cattle,the genetic variation of UCP2 gene were detected by PCR-SSCP method and DNA sequencing,then analyzed UCP2 gene polymorphism related with some growth traits.The results showed that there were three SNPs (T632C,A655G and A689C) in UCP2 gene exon 1,which divided into AA,BB and AB genotypes by PCR-SSCP method.Individuals with different genotypes in different months of age,body weight,body height, chest circumference and body length were AA > AB > BB.AA genotype in different age of body height and chest circumference were significantly different than BB genotype (P < 0.05;P < 0.01),and were no significant difference with AB genotype (P > 0.05).The results demonstrated that T632C locus had significant meaning for improving weight trait breeding of Ningxia hibrid Simmental cattle,AA genotype could be the breeding genotype.     

京海黄鸡斑联蛋白基因外显子9 SNP位点及其与屠宰性能的相关性研究

以京海黄鸡为试验材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测斑联蛋白(zyxin)基因外显子9的SNP,探讨zyxin基因该位点多态性与京海黄鸡屠宰性状之间的关系。结果发现该位点存在1个SNP突变位点,表现为3种基因型:AA、AB和BB。统计分析表明,公鸡的胸肌重AA基因型显著高于AB基因型(P＜0.05),活体重和屠体重AA基因型显著高于BB基因型(P＜0.05);母鸡的活体重、头重、爪重和屠体重AA基因型显著高于BB基因型(P＜0.05),全净膛重AA基因型显著高于AB基因型(P＜0.05)。     

Polymorphism of A-FABP Gene and Its Association Analysis with the Productive Performance in Male Baicheng Fatty Chicken

In order to search the molecular genetic markers for breeding of Baicheng fatty chicken, the relationship between the polymorphism of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) gene and the productive performance of the male chickens at different ages was studied. Ninety two chickens with age of 6 weeks were randomly selected. The polymorphism of A-FABP gene was detected by PCR-RFLP method. In each genotype group, fifteen chickens with similar body weight were categorized, each group was randomly divided into three sub-groups with equal numbers. The productive performance of the chickens was measured at their age of 12, 18 and 24 weeks. The results showed that there were three genotypes of A-FABP gene:AA,AB and BB, BB genotype was the dominant genotype,allele B was the advantageous allele,and it was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.01). At the age of 12 weeks,no significant difference was found among the measured productive performance (P>0.05). At the age of 18 weeks, it was found that the intramuscular fat width of BB genotype was significantly higher than AA genotype (P<0.05), the abdominal fat weight of BB and AB genotypes were extremely significantly higher than AA genotype (P<0.01),and the abdominal fat weight percentage of BB and AB genotypes were significantly higher than AA genotype (P<0.05). At the age of 24 weeks, it was found that the body weight, intramuscular fat width and abdominal fat weight of BB genotype were significantly higher than that of AA genotype (P<0.05). Therefore, this results suggested that A-FABP gene could be used as a potential candidate marker for the association of fatty traits in male Baicheng fatty chicken.     

拜城油鸡公鸡A-FABP基因多态性及其与生产性能的相关性分析

试验旨在研究拜城油鸡公鸡中脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白（adipocyte fatty acid binding protein,A-FABP）基因的多态性及其与生产性能的相关性,寻找可用于拜城油鸡选育的分子遗传标记。随机选取92只6周龄拜城油鸡公鸡,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测A-FABP基因的多态性。每种基因型选取15只体重相近的个体随机分为3组,每组每种基因型个体各5只,分别在12、18、24周龄时屠宰并对生产性能指标进行测定。结果显示,在拜城油鸡公鸡中检测到A-FABP基因有3种基因型：AA、AB、BB,BB为优势基因型,B为优势等位基因,不符合哈代-温伯格平衡定律（P<0.01）。12周龄时,各基因型间各生产性能指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）;18周龄时,BB基因型肌间脂宽显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）,BB和AB基因型腹脂重极显著高于AA基因型（P<0.01）,腹脂率显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）;24周龄时,BB基因型体重、肌间脂宽、腹脂重均显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）。推测A-FABP基因可以作为与拜城油鸡公鸡脂肪性状相关的候选标记之一。     

松辽黑猪胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ基因PCR-SSCP多态性分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术检测胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)基因外显子3和外显子4在松辽黑猪中的单核苷酸多态性,同时研究该基因对松辽黑猪部分重要生长、胴体性状的影响。结果表明:3对引物中,只有p3的扩增片段存在多态性。p3的扩增片段在松辽黑猪中检测到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型;测序分析发现BB型与AA型相比在IGF-Ⅱ基因(AY044828)第21585 bp处有G→C突变,松辽黑猪AA、AB和BB基因型频率分别为0.6956、0.2609和0.0435。AA基因型对瘦肉率(P<0.05)、日增重(P<0.05),BB基因型对平均背膘厚(P<0.01)有正遗传效应,对其他性状差异不明显。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1基因多态性与猪部分生产性能的关系

采用PCR－RFLP对南昌白猪（92头）和大约克夏猪（170头）的IGF－1基因的179bp片段进行了扩增，并用HhaI酶切，产生两个等位基因A（151＋28bp)和等位基因B（116＋35＋28bp)。分析了不同基因型对个体初生重、2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄重、料重比、背膘厚和瘦肉率等生产性能的影响。结果表明，在南昌白猪中，AA型猪比AB型猪初生重大，差异显著（P＜0.05)；在大约克夏猪中，BB型猪比AB型猪的6月龄体重大，差异显著（P＜0.05)；AA型猪比AB型和BB型猪瘦肉率低，差异极差著（P＜0.01)。     

Metabolic and endocrine profiles and reproductive parameters in dairy cows under grazing conditions: effect of polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes

Background

The present study hypothesized that GH-AluI and IGF-I-SnabI polymorphisms do change the metabolic/endocrine profiles in Holstein cows during the transition period, which in turn are associated with productive and reproductive parameters.

Methods

Holstein cows (Farm 1, primiparous cows, n = 110, and Farm 2, multiparous cows, n = 76) under grazing conditions were selected and GH and IGF-I genotypes were determined. Blood samples for metabolic/endocrine determinations were taken during the transition period and early lactation in both farms. Data was analyzed by farm using a repeated measures analyses including GH and IGF-I genotypes, days and interactions as fixed effects, sire and cow as random effects and calving date as covariate.

Results and Discussion

Frequencies of GH and IGF-I alleles were L:0.84, V:0.16 and A:0.60, B:0.40, respectively. The GH genotype was not associated with productive or reproductive variables, but interaction with days affected FCM yield in multiparous (farm 2) cows (LL yielded more than LV cows) in early lactation. The GH genotype affected NEFA and IGF-I concentrations in farm 1 (LV had higher NEFA and lower IGF-I than LL cows) suggesting a better energy status of LL cows.There was no effect of IGF-I genotype on productive variables, but a trend was found for FCM in farm 2 (AB cows yielded more than AA cows). IGF-I genotype affected calving first service interval in farm 1, and the interaction with days tended to affect FCM yield (AB cows had a shorter interval and yielded more FCM than BB cows). IGF-I genotype affected BHB, NEFA, and insulin concentrations in farm 1: primiparous BB cows had lower NEFA and BHB and higher insulin concentrations. In farm 2, there was no effect of IGF-I genotype, but there was an interaction with days on IGF-I concentration, suggesting a greater uncoupling somatropic axis in AB and BB than AA cows, being in accordance with greater FCM yield in AB cows.

Conclusion

The GH and IGF-I genotypes had no substantial effect on productive parameters, although IGF-I genotype affected calving-first service interval in primiparous cows. Besides, these genotypes may modify the endocrine/metabolic profiles of the transition dairy cow under grazing conditions.     

皮埃蒙特杂种肉牛生长激素基因型与体重、日增重的相关性研究

本研究利用PCR-RFLPs标记技术，对63头杂种肉牛的生长激素基因的第5外显子和3’端区域进行了分析寿终正寝分现HaeⅢ酶切位点具有多态性，并分为三种基因型（AA、BB和AB）。通过构建最小二乘线性模型。分析了生长激素基因型与杂种肉牛高于12月龄体重和6-12月龄日增重的关系。结果表明：生长激素AB基因型的效应稍高于AA、BB型，但差异不显著。     

苏太猪ESR基因多态性及其与繁殖性能的关联分析

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪的ESR基因PvuⅡ位点多态性进行检测,并分析其与繁殖性能间的关系。结果表明,ESR基因的3种基因型AA、AB、BB在苏太猪中的频率分别为0.089、0.570、0.341;其中在初产母猪中,AA基因型个体的产活仔数（NBA）和初生窝重（BLW）显著高于AB、BB 基因型的个体（P<0.05）;在经产母猪中,AA基因型个体的总产仔数（TNB）及断奶成活数（NW）显著高于AB和BB基因型的个体（P<0.05）,AA和AB 基因型与BB 基因型之间的断奶窝重（WWL）差异显著（P<0.05）;总体上苏太猪ESR基因PvuⅡ 3种基因型个体的繁殖性状存在AA>AB>BB的趋势。     

大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪催乳素受体基因多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系

本试验通过PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪的催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)基因第10外显子AluⅠ酶切位点进行多态性分析,并对各基因型母猪的第1至第3胎次产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄窝重及断奶成活率进行测定,进而分析PRLR基因多态性与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明,PRLR基因在3个品种中均存在多态位点,且AA基因型都是其优势基因型。关联分析结果表明,大白猪AA基因型个体第1、2和3胎各繁殖性状均呈现出高于AB和BB基因型的趋势。在繁殖性能已经稳定的第3胎次AA基因型个体产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及断奶成活率比BB基因型个体平均分别高出0.31头、0.63头、0.02头、0.65 kg和0.43%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

松辽黑猪IGF-Ⅰ基因外显子4多态性及与部分生产性能的关系

以IGF-Ⅰ基因作为松辽黑猪生长和胴体性状的候选基因，采用PCR-SSCP方法检测30头松辽黑猪IGF-Ⅰ基因外显子4(179 bp)的多态性，对该基因的不同基因型与生长和胴体性状的关系进行分析。结果表明，IGF-Ⅰ基因的2个等位基因和3种基因型在松辽黑猪中均有不同频率的分布，遗传多态性较高; IGF-Ⅰ不同基因型对断奶后日增重有显著影响，AA型显著高于AB型和BB型(P<0.01)。AA型猪的瘦肉率显著低于AB型和BB型(P<0.01)，而AA型猪的平均背膘厚显著高于AB型和BB型(P<0.01)，对其它性状的影响差异不显著。因此，IGF-Ⅰ基因的遗传分析结果说明该基因对松辽黑猪的平均日增重、瘦肉率和平均背膘厚等3个性状有显著的遗传影响，可以初步推断IGF-Ⅰ基因可能是影响猪生长和胴体性状的一个主效基因或是一个与影响猪生长和胴体性状的QTL连锁的基因。     

不同猪种ADIPOQ基因外显子2多态性及其与山西白猪体重和体尺性状的关联分析

本研究旨在检测猪脂联素（adiponectin,ADIPOQ）基因外显子2的多态性,并分析其对山西白猪体重和体尺性状的影响。采用PCR-SSCP技术检测了长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪、山西白猪、山西黑猪和马身猪6个猪种392个个体ADIPOQ基因外显子2的多态性,并采用GLM程序分析了ADIPOQ基因外显子2多态性与山西白猪体重和体尺性状的关联性。结果显示,在ADIPOQ基因外显子2的89 bp处检测到G→A错义突变,引起缬氨酸（Val）向异亮氨酸（Ile）的转变。ADIPOQ基因外显子2存在3种基因型：AA、AB、BB,2个等位基因：A和B。杜洛克猪中只有BB基因型,长白猪、大白猪、山西白猪和山西黑猪中BB基因型为优势基因型,马身猪中AA基因型频率最高。在引入品种长白猪、大白猪和杜洛克猪中B等位基因为优势等位基因,基因频率分别为0.96、0.96和1.00;在地方品种马身猪中A等位基因频率（0.52）略高于B等位基因（0.48）;在培育品种山西白猪和山西黑猪中B等位基因频率分别为0.76和0.78,介于引入猪种和地方品种之间。基因型频率分布在马身猪、山西白猪和山西黑猪之间无显著差异（P>0.05）,杜洛克猪与长白猪、大白猪间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,而长白猪和大白猪间差异显著（P<0.05）,任意一个引入品种与马身猪、山西白猪和山西黑猪之间的差异均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）。ADIPOQ基因外显子2多态性对断奶重有显著影响,其中BB基因型个体28日龄断奶重显著高于AA和AB基因型（P<0.05）,AA和AB基因型间无显著差异（P>0.05）,但对其他性状无显著影响,说明该位点只在个体发育早期阶段起作用。     

鸡胰岛素样生长因子1受体基因G26336A、C111014A多态位点的检测及其与生产性状的相关性

根据GenBank发表的鸡胰岛素样生长因子1受体(insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor,IGF1R)基因序列针对外显子2和3设计2对引物,采用DNA池测序和PCR-SSCP技术,对鸡IGF1R基因的G26336A、C111014A位点进行多态性检测,并与鸡的生产性状进行相关性分析。结果表明,G26336A位点AA基因型个体56日龄体重显著低于BB基因型个体(P<0.05),AA和AB基因型个体在84日龄体重显著低于BB基因型个体(P<0.05)。C111014A位点CC、CD基因型个体初生重显著低于DD基因型(P<0.05),CC基因型个体在300日龄体重显著低于DD基因型(P<0.05)。研究结果初步表明,IGF1R基因可能是影响鸡生长性状的一个主效基因或是与之存在紧密遗传连锁的一个标记。