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1.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs. A total of 240 mixed-sex grower-finisher pigs (35.9 ± 1.1 kg initial body weight, BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (6 pigs/pen; 10 pens/treatment) for 77 d. Diets consisted of a control diet without DON (CONT) and diets containing 1, 3, or 5 ppm DON (DON1, DON3, or DON5). Nitrogen-balance was determined in 1 pig/pen during weeks 6 and 12 of the study. Growth performance measures were taken weekly for average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (GF) until day 77. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 42, 56, and 84 from 1 pig/pen for analysis of indicators of liver and kidney function. On day 7, ADG and ADFI for pigs fed DON3 and DON5 diets were lower ( P < 0.05) compared with DON1- and CONT-fed pigs. Overall, ADG and ADFI (days 0 to 77) were lower in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs ( P < 0.05), with no difference in GF ( P > 0.05). Final BW was reduced in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs ( P < 0.05) compared with CONT and DON1, which were not different ( P > 0.05). No significant ( P > 0.05) treatment effects were observed on carcass characteristics. In the grower-phase, protein deposition (PD) was reduced in DON3 and DON5 pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs ( P < 0.05). In the finisher phase, PD was not affected by dietary treatment ( P > 0.05). There was no effect of dietary treatment on the majority of selected serum chemistry ( P > 0.05). In summary, pigs exposed to diets containing > 1 ppm DON had reduced growth performance with little or no effect on nitrogen utilization, organ health, or carcass characteristics, suggesting that the negative effects of DON may be largely due to depressed feed intake. 相似文献
3.
Genetic parameters for daily feed intake (DFI, g/day) and daily gain (DG, g/day) were estimated using records of 1916 Duroc boars from electronic feeder stations. Management was limited and resulted in varied ranges of age and weight on test. Boars were housed in 102 pens, each equipped with one feeder, and allowed ad libitum feeding. Weekly averages of DFI and DG were used due to large variation in daily records. Six traits were defined as DFI and DG during 85–106 (period 1), 107–128 (period 2) and 129–150 days of age (period 3). A six‐trait model included age as a linear and a quadratic covariate for DFI and a linear covariate for DG with a fixed effect of year–week–pen and random effects of litter, additive genetic animal and permanent environmental animal. Variance components were estimated by a Bayesian approach using Gibbs sampling algorithm. Estimates of heritability for respective periods were 18%, 12% and 10% for DFI and 21%, 11% and 10% for DG. Genetic correlations between DFI and DG in the same period were 0.70, 0.73 and 0.32 for the respective periods. DFI and DG obtained from automatic feeders can be analysed to reveal variation across testing periods by using weekly averages when many monthly averages are incomplete. 相似文献
5.
叶酸是水溶性B族维生素,一般认为山羊自身可合成,本文研究在圈养条件下饲料中添加叶酸对隆林黑山羊生长性能的影响效果。选择4月龄体况相近的平均体重为14kg左右健康生长期肉用隆林黑山羊母羊28只,采用单因素随机分组设计,随机分成4组,每组7只,分别在基础日粮中添加0mg/kg、1.5mg/kg、15mg/kg、45mg/kg(DM)的叶酸,进行饲养试验。结果表明,叶酸对山羊的生长速度和饲料转化率有较好的促进效果,在山羊日粮中添加45mg/kg(DM)的叶酸,其日增重比对照组提高19.2%,饲料转化率比对照组提高15.34%,在叶酸饲养试验中效果最佳。表明在日粮中添加叶酸对山羊有促生长作用。 相似文献
6.
1. Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins (primarily deoxynivalenol (DON)) on broiler chicken feed preference, feeding behaviour and growth performance. 2. A total of 120 male Ross 308 chicks (4 birds/cage, 30 cages) were fed a common corn-based starter diet from 1 to 20 d of age. At 21 d, 15 cages were randomly assigned to the feed preference trial or a feeding behaviour trial. Three wheat-based experimental diets (0.14, 2.27 and 5.84 mg/kg DON) were prepared with a clean wheat and a naturally contaminated wheat. Broilers were ad libitum fed the experimental diets during 21–27 d. 3. In the preference trial, each cage’s feeder was split into two equal-sized compartments so birds were provided a choice of two diets (control vs. low, control vs. high and low vs. high DON). In the feeding behaviour trial, diets were randomly assigned to 15 cages (5 cages/diet). Feeding and drinking behaviour was recorded for 1 h before and after the dark period and 1-h period at 9 h after the light was turned on (middle of day). Growth performance was assessed at 27 d. 4. In the preference trial, broilers preferred the control diet over low (93.0 vs. 66.1 g/d, P < 0.01) and high (104.4 vs. 50.4 g/d, P < 0.01) DON diets. At all three timepoints, where behaviour was recorded, birds offered the DON diets spent more time at the feeder compared to birds provided control diets (P < 0.05). Control birds had lower feed to gain ratio (1.65) than birds fed low (1.82) and high (1.94) DON diets (P < 0.01). 5. It is clear that broilers are sensitive to the presence of fusarium mycotoxins and that moderate levels of DON negatively affect feed preference and growth performance when fed during the grower period. 相似文献
7.
通过分析杜洛克公猪在不同体重区间的日采食量、日增重、料重比(F/G)等性状的相关关系,评估在较高始测重的情况下测定杜洛克公猪生长及料重比性能的有效性,探究杜洛克公猪不同体重阶段料重比与全程(30~110 kg)料重比的相关性,并建立不同体重阶段料重比与全程料重比的回归方程,以期增加测定站的年测定量,提高其利用率。使用8台奥饲本种猪生长性能测定系统,测定119头杜洛克公猪在30~110 kg体重阶段平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及料重比,分析不同体重阶段料重比与全程料重比的相关性,并与全程料重比建立回归方程。结果表明,杜洛克公猪的日采食量、日增重及料重比在30~110 kg期间均呈增加趋势,并在90 kg出现1个生长期拐点,之后其采食量、日增重及料重比都有下降趋势。不同体重阶段的料重比与全程料重比具有一定的相关性,其中40~90 kg阶段的回归方程Y=0.316+0.873X 1的决定系数为0.76,该回归方程校正准确率高,说明可通过40~90 kg料重比来衡量全程料重比,这样既能缩短料重比测定时间,为准确估算全程料重比提供参考依据,同时能够有效提高种猪测定站的利用率。 相似文献
8.
试验旨在研究不同蛋白源饲料对秦川肉牛生长性能、血液生化指标及饲料报酬的影响.选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右秦川肉牛(母牛)为试验动物,随机将试验牛分为5组,每组4头.对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组日粮中分别添加以31%豆粕、36%菜籽粕、14%紫苏饼+24%菜籽粕、28%紫苏饼+12%菜... 相似文献
9.
研究甲壳素水解蛋白对肉仔鸡生长发育和氮存留率的影响,选取初生AA雏鸡360只,采用单因子重复试验设计,甲壳素水解蛋白添加水平分别为0,1%,2%,3%。结果表明添加2%~3%的甲壳素水解蛋白,可显著提高(P<0.05)肉仔鸡的日均增重,添加1%~2%的甲壳素水解蛋白,可显著改善(P<0.05)肉仔鸡的料重比及显著提高(P<0.05)肉仔鸡的氨存留率。 相似文献
10.
试验选用24只3月龄、体重(23.1±0.62)kg的德国肉用美利奴杂交一代绵羊,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂精料补充料+玉米青贮,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在对照日粮基础上分别以轻度盐碱化草地混播牧草(披碱草、碱茅和沙打旺)替代1/3、2/3和3/3玉米青贮,每只羊精料补充料平均日喂600 g,粗饲料自由采食,研究轻度盐碱化草地混播牧草对绵羊采食量、日增重和屠宰性能的影响。结果表明:处理Ⅱ组的有机物、粗蛋白质、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);处理Ⅱ组的日增重显著高于处理Ⅲ组(P<0.05);处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ组饲料转化率显著高于对照组和处理Ⅰ组(P<0.05);不同处理组较对照组绵羊屠宰体重、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、胴体出肉率显著提高(P<0.05),但是对照组和不同处理组的骨重和净肉重之间差异不显著;处理Ⅲ组的屠宰率、净肉率显著高于处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05);但是处理Ⅲ组的屠宰体重、眼肌面积显著低于处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05);肉骨比随着轻度盐碱化草地混播牧草比例的增大而增大(P<0.05)。以上结果说明轻度盐碱化混播牧草和玉米青贮混合饲喂可以提高采食量和日增重,提高绵羊的屠宰性能,改善绵羊的... 相似文献
11.
为了增加育肥猪的采食量进而达到促进生长的目的。试验将60头育肥猪随机分为三组。A组饲喂原料,B组和C组分别添加0.6‰和1‰的鲜味诱食剂,以探讨诱食剂的效果和用量,同时在中止添加物后,观察了供试猪对添加物依赖性。试验结果表明,B组的平均增重和平均日增重均显著高于A组(P<0.05),而采食量与A组差异不显著(P>0.05),说明适当浓度的添加量可能有提高饲料转换率的功能;C组的平均增重和平均日增重均高于A组,差异不显著,采食量方面没有达到预期的提高效果,说明该试验组可能由于添加量过高,在生产性能上不如试验组B的添加量效果好。 相似文献
12.
研究流食与颗粒料不同方式对断奶仔猪增重和采食量,选择杜长大三元杂种28日龄仔猪,随机区组设计,共六个区组,每窝一个区组,每个区组四头猪,分为处理组2头和对照组2头。28日龄体重:试验组7.19±0.027 Kg,对照组7.19±0.031 Kg。处理组和对照组均自由采食,自由饮水,35日龄晨称个体重,结果给予流食比使用颗粒料提高仔猪采食量33g/d(P<0.05)和日增重17.6g/d(P<0.05)。仔猪早期断乳是提高母猪生产力和规模化养猪业中的关键技术之一,现代规模养猪业已把乳猪断奶日龄提至21~28 d。 相似文献
13.
以研究玉米芯添加不同量复合酶对肉牛生产性能的影响。对玉米芯分别添加1‰、1.5‰、2‰的复合酶进行发酵处理,与常规日粮饲喂育肥肉牛进行对比,结果经过6 d的饲喂试验,玉米芯添加1.5‰的复合酶调制育肥肉牛效果最佳,日增重比对照组的1.018 kg增加36.7%以上,达到1.392 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01)。利用酶的生物催化分解功能,对产量大、成本低、营养丰富,但适口性差、难以消化吸收的玉米芯进行发酵处理,有助于反刍动物的消化、吸收,促进生长。 相似文献
14.
对项目承担县(市、区)的肉猪进行了肥育性能观察测定。结果如下:配套系杂优猪、外种猪的杂种肉猪、含地方猪血缘的三杂内猪、含地方猪血缘的二杂内猪的日增重分别为724、733、635、562g;达100kg体重日龄分别为175、168、178、192.3d;耗料指数分别为3.25、3.07、3.25、3.56;瘦肉率分别为61.26%、63.29%、56.47%、47.80%。并对其结果进行比较分析。表明项目推广的优质内猪组合在农村条件下表现了良好的生产成绩,具有推广的价值和可行性.应大力推广。 相似文献
15.
为探索最佳的猪萎缩性鼻炎免疫防控程序,本实验采用鼻甲骨形态学(鼻甲骨周长比:TPR)测定的方法对猪AR巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗(猪克鼻)免疫效果进行评价,试验应用猪克鼻对试验组采用不同的免疫程序,A组:母猪于产前6周及2周各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;B组:母猪产前6周及2周、所产仔猪3周龄各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;同时设对照组(不接种疫苗)。在自然感染条件下,各组所产仔猪试验结果表明:A组有36.36%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,63.64%轻度萎缩;B组有9.10%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,90.90%比较正常;对照组有9.10%的仔猪轻度萎缩,72.70%为中度萎缩,18.20%中重度萎缩。对两种免疫程序的效果进行分析,结果表明,B组免疫的效果最佳,保护率高,猪的平均日增重最高,料重肉比下降,生产性能显著提高,值得在生产实践中推广应用。 相似文献
16.
试验用192头5周龄断奶的约克夏仔猪进行30天饲养试验,研究饲粮中添加四种拜耳风味剂--甜味素(Megasweet)、富可香(Frucovarom)、乳馨香(Startarom)和可可香(Kovarom)对仔猪生产性能的影响。试验共12个处理,其中,处理1~9为L9(3)^4正交设计,研究甜味素、富可香和乳馨香三个产品的适宜用量及最佳组合:处理10添加可可香,处理11不含风味剂,处理12添加某进口风味剂。结果表明,四种拜耳风味剂均可提高仔猪采食量,提高增重速度。其中,乳馨香的效果最好;甜味素、富可香和乳馨香三个产品的适宜用量均为300g/t;当乳馨香与富可香或甜味素合用时,富可香或甜味素的添加量对联合使用的效果无明显影响。 相似文献
17.
为研究饲料油菜发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)的羔羊强度育肥效果,本试验选取2.5月龄的湖羊40只,随机分为2组,每组20只,公母各半。试验组饲喂以油菜为主原料配制的FTMR日粮,对照组饲喂以青贮玉米为主原料配制的TMR日粮。预试期15d后称初试体重,正式期90d,每15d称重,记录采食量,计算平均日增重。结果表明:湖羊母羊采食量、体重和日增重在两种日粮间无显著差异(P>0.05);而试验组公羊采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),75d后体重和日增重都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。根据日增重、采食量、饲料成本、活羊价格计算育肥收益,油菜FTMR日粮育肥湖羊公羊和母羊的收益都高于对照组。因此,饲料油菜FTMR日粮用于羔羊强度育肥效果较好。 相似文献
18.
本试验旨在探明青海省主要牦牛饲养区海晏县牦牛的营养状况,为制定添补措施提供科学依据。于2015-09—2016-08跟踪测定了青海省海晏县牧户草场天然牧草产量以及牦牛干物质采食量、体重和血清生化指标,同时分析平均日增重与血清生化指标的相关性。结果表明:天然牧草可食草产量7月份高于其他月份;春季牦牛干物质采食量显著高于秋、冬季(P0.05),秋季显著低于其他季节(P0.05);1月份、2月份、3月份、10月份、11月份、12月份牦牛平均日增重呈现负增长,4月份后逐渐上升,6月份、7月份显著高于其他月份(P0.05);血清葡萄糖(GLU)的含量7月份显著高于除6月份、10月份外的其他月份(P0.05);2月份、3月份血清尿素氮(UN)含量及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性低于其他月份;由相关性分析可知,平均日增重与血清UN含量呈显著的正相关(P0.05)。综合得出,青海省海晏县10月份至次年3月份为饲草供给不足,牦牛平均日增重呈现负增长,4月份后平均日增重逐渐上升,因此,建议轮牧的放牧形式下,10月份至次年3月份,采用天然草场配合补饲饲料的饲养方式。 相似文献
19.
试验研究日粮中添加蛋白酶对育肥羔羊生产性能的影响。选择健康、体况相近的4月龄欧拉型藏羔羊30只,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组15只。两组羔羊的日粮组成及日粮中精料补充料、青贮饲料和青干草均一致。试验组日粮中按精料补充料0.02%的比例添加蛋白酶,对照组不添加,试验期为60 d。测定羔羊试验期0、30、60 d的活体重、料重比和粪样的营养成分。结果表明,日粮中添加蛋白酶能显著提高羔羊的平均日增重(P<0.05),降低粪样中的粗脂肪、粗纤维和钙的含量(P<0.05)。试验表明,日粮中添加0.02%蛋白酶对欧拉型藏羔羊生产性能有显著影响。 相似文献
20.
The economic and performance effect of supplementing smallholder cattle by substituting commercial feed with iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets based on alternative protein sources was investigated in two trials. In trial 1, three diets (commercial concentrate, commercial concentrate partially substituted with mucuna, and commercial concentrate partially substituted with lablab–cowpea) compared with veld grass were allocated to 12 cattle in a complete randomised block design. In trial 2, a double complete randomised block design with 40 cattle assigned to four forage legume-based diets, a poultry-based diet and a commercial beef concentrate was carried out. Diets were offered at 1.5% of body weight daily over 56 d. Average daily weight gain (ADWG) was measured weekly in trial 1 and fortnightly in trial 2. In trial 1, ADWG was significantly ( p < 0.05) higher for animals on supplements compared with non-supplemented cattle. In trial 2, ADWG was significantly highest on the groundnut stover-based diet and least on the poultry litter diet. Supplementation had a positive effect on ADWG and economic performance of smallholder beef cattle. Substitution of commercial concentrates with alternative protein sources reduced diet costs and significantly improved gross margins. 相似文献
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