黑龙江省水利厅开展全省第三批水土保持监督管理能力建设工作

正为了深入贯彻落实党的十八届三中、四中、五中全会精神和《中华人民共和国水土保持法》,加强水土保持依法行政,进一步推进全省水土保持监督管理能力建设工作,按照全国水土保持监督管理能力建设总体方案的要求,省水利厅决定在哈尔滨等56个市(地)、县(市、区)开展全省第三批水土保持监督管理能力建设。各相关市(地)、县(市、区)要充分认识开展监督管     

赣州市全面推进水土保持监督管理规范化建设

赣州市及所辖 18个县 (市、区 ) ,按照水利部关于开展水土保持生态环境监督管理规范化建设工作的要求 ,加强领导 ,健全机构 ,加大宣传力度 ,狠抓水保法规体系建设和执法培训 ,强化“三权一方案三同时”制度的落实 ,建设了一批“三同时”和恢复治理示范工程 ,大力查处典型案件 ,实现了水土保持监督管理规范化建设的整体推进。     

穆棱市水土保持监督管理的实践做法

穆棱市为改善生态环境,遏制水土流失,不断加大水土流失治理步伐,大力加强水土保持监督管理工作,巩固水土流失治理成果。通过领导重视、依据法律、加强培训、广泛宣传、部门联动五项措施,水土保持监督管理工作取得了很大成效。如今全市水土流失正在逐年减轻,生态环境得到改善,随处可见山清水绿,一片生机盎然的景象。     

长江流域水土保持监督管理规范化建设进展与成效

长江流域大部分县 (市 )按照水利部关于水土保持监督管理规范化建设的要求 ,加强领导 ,建立健全了水土保持监督执法体系 ,完善了水土保持法规制度 ,全面普查人为水土流失 ,明确了监督执法对象 ,强化管理职能 ,坚决查处违法案件 ,建设了一批恢复治理和返还治理工程 ,取得了显著的进展与成效     

抓住西部大开发历史机遇 建设长江上游生态屏障

水保法颁布 10年来 ,四川省水土保持监督执法、治理开发、科教宣传等工作得到较快的发展 ,全省 16 3个县(市、区 )成立了水土保持机构 ,审批水土保持方案 140 0 0多份 ,以小流域为单元的综合治理开发得到治理区人民的衷心拥护 ,实行政府目标责任制使水土保持各项工作得到加强。今后的工作思路是 ,强化对水土保持工作的认识 ,依法加强行业管理 ,加强预防监督 ,多渠道争取资金 ,加快水土流失治理步伐。     

临汾市水土保持生态建设现状及治理对策

临汾市土地总面积20 275 km2,水土流失面积14 374 km2,占70.9%。截止2015年底,累计治理水土流失8 097 km2,治理度达到56.33%。在生态环境日渐得到全社会重视的大背景下,建议今后应在正确把握水土保持生态建设和经济发展关系前提下,切实加强领导,进行科学规划,加大投资力度,开展综合治理,加强监督管理,提高治理效益。     

湖北水土保持监督管理能力建设的实践及思考

自2009年全国水土保持监督管理能力建设工作启动实施以来,湖北省对水土保持监督管理能力建设工作高度重视,强化措施,突出重点,规范管理,加压力,抓督办,第一批能力建设16个县(市、区)在完善水土保持配套法规体系、增强水土保持监督管理机构履行职责能力、规范水土保持监督管理上下工夫,同时加强水土保持宣传工作,圆满完成了能力建设的各项任务。主要做法有:加强领导,成立组织;制订方案,明确责任;加强培训,提高能力;落实资金,强化队伍;加强督察,重在落实;严格验收,注重实效等。     

三十载矢志接壤区保护 新时代奋进高质量发展

<正>30年,弹指一挥间!黄河水利委员会晋陕蒙接壤地区水土保持监督局(简称“晋陕蒙监督局”)因“黑三角”煤炭开发而应运而生,伴随着我国水土保持监督管理工作蓬勃发展而兴,又因黄河的保护治理需要而不断得到加强,成为区域生态安全的守护神、黄河生命健康的守卫者。大河东去,奔流入海。黄河流经甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、陕西、山西5省(区)所形成的“几”字弯环抱地带,由白银、银川、包头、榆林、临汾等20个市(盟)和宁东能源化工基地组成。该区域是我国罕见的能源富集区、革命老区、少数民族聚集区、边疆地区、贫困人口相对集中地区、传统特色农牧区、民族文化的主要发祥区,具有“七区合一”的显著特点。晋陕蒙接壤地区(简称“接壤区”)就位于黄河“几”字弯东北角,涵盖山西、陕西、内蒙古3省(区)5个市(地)14个县(旗、区市),     

地(市)级水土保持监督管理规范化建设特点

黄河流域地 (市 )级水土保持监督管理机构通过规范化建设 ,监督管理职能和作用显著增强 ,分级管理机制逐步深化 ,强化了对县 (市、区 )级规范化建设的管理 ,对县 (市、区 )级的示范和带动作用增强 ,促进了一定区域内监督执法整体水平的普遍提高     

云南省省级水土保持重点治理的主要做法

云南省第一批省级水土保持重点治理共安排 12个县 (市 ) ,于 1999年开始实施 ,4年来共投资 3 898万元 ,完成水土流失治理面积 2 92 72km2 ,治理区生态环境得到明显改善。主要做法一是加强领导、健全机构 ,二是搞好宣传、强化监督 ,三是制定规范、严格管理 ,四是综合治理、注重效益 ,五是创新机制、注重科技     

Mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and micromorphology of the Middle and Late Pleistocene loesses and paleosols in the center of the East European Plain

The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and microfabrics of the cryogenic soil-loess sequences of the Middle and Late Pleistocene ages have been studied near the northern boundary of loess sediments on the East European Plain. Poorly ordered mixed-layered mica-smectitic minerals with different portions of smectitic layers predominate in the clay fraction; di-and trioctahedral hydromicas occupy the second place. The clay fraction also contains chlorite, clay-size quartz grains, and feldspars. Individual smectite is present in some of the samples. Interstadial chernozem-like paleosols are specified by the higher content of clay, the maximum concentration of smectitic layers in the mixed-layered minerals, and the presence of individual smectite. The clay fraction in the profiles of interglacial paleosols is sharply differentiated: in the eluvial part, it is depleted of smectite and enriched in kaolinite, hydromica, and clay-size quartz. These features allow us to suppose that interglacial paleosols were subjected to podzolization processes. According to the mineralogical indices, Middle Pleistocene paleosols can be differentiated into those subjected to lessivage (the Kamenskii interglacial paleosol) and podzolization (the Inzhavin interglacial paleosol).     

真菌及混合菌对锯木屑类腐殖质形成和转化的影响

采用液体摇瓶培养,在接种单一真菌(木霉、黑曲霉或青霉)和混合菌情况下,研究其对锯木屑类腐殖质组成和转化的影响,旨在揭示微生物利用木质素形成腐殖质的可能性,为土壤腐殖质形成提供理论参考和依据。结论如下:(1)在培养体系中,黑曲霉、青霉和混合菌在培养初期的快速繁殖致使代谢液中可溶性碳数量降低,随菌落繁殖渐趋平衡,降解作用增强,残留物中有机碳组分不断向代谢液中释放有机碳小分子,菌球的吸附作用更加速了这一过程,促使代谢液中有机碳数量急剧增加。木霉对残留物的降解作用显著,随后部分微生物量碳随菌体死亡重新进入残留物中,使得代谢液有机碳数量先增加后减少。整个培养过程中,残留物中碳的数量因降解作用而呈减少趋势。(2)WSS表现为先降低后升高的趋势。(3)接种菌悬液可迅速增大HLA和HLu的含碳量。青霉处理HLA组分一直处于降解阶段,而其他3个处理在培养初期均有利于HLA降解,随微生物自身合成和缩合作用的进一步增强,新的HLA形成。(4)培养初期,FLA的形成速度大于HLA,随后FLA逐渐向HLA转化。(5)培养结束后,各处理FLA分子趋于简单,而HLA分子在整个培养过程中先简单化,而后趋于复杂,新形成的HLA分子结构较复杂。(6)培养初期,木霉和黑曲霉的繁殖促使HLu数量增大,后期HLu逐渐向易溶态有机碳转化,青霉在培养中前期对HLu主要表现为降解,后期随菌体数量扩大,HLu数量再次提高,而混合菌处理HLu的数量一直处于递减状态。培养结束后,各处理HLu的数量均有所增加。     

Overview of the structure and the challenges of Japanese wildlife law and policy

Japan has a variety of laws to conserve and manage wildlife and biodiversity. This article reviews Japanese laws from conservation of endangered species to the fish and game code, and indicates the issues and challenges they face. It then discusses the issues and challenges for management in the application of the laws.The Japanese statute for conservation of endangered species corresponds to the US Endangered Species Act in appearance, but is much more limited in application and scope. There is no legal channel, such as lawsuits, to assure citizens’ and experts’ input. With respect to general species, management of fish and animals are divided; the fish code’s scope is limited to fishery purposes. Control of wildlife damage is the biggest emphasis in the wildlife code. Reform to bring principles of scientific management into pest control has begun, but conventional culling is still the norm.Japan’ wildlife and fish management is distinctive in relying upon local resource users, instead of on a strong regulatory agency. This is a consequence of traditional communal management, and is apparent in coastal fisheries. The depopulation and exhaustion of rural communities, however, makes it difficult to rely on the community for management. In particular, wildlife management, which relies on aging hunters, is facing a turning point. To address these changes, agencies must be strengthened and lawmakers must enact a mechanism to assure sound science in wildlife policy, while working to revitalize rural communities.     

下一代Internet发展综述——下一代Internet的产生和发展

本文论述了IPV6产生的社会原因,阐述了国外发达国家下一代Internet的发展状况和中国下一代Internet的发展状况及最新进展。     

Solods of the Baraba Lowland and the Priobskoe Plateau: Their properties and genesis and the methods of their diagnostics

The properties, hydrological features, and genesis of the solods occurring in the Baraba Lowland and Priobskoe Plateau were studied. Methods for determining the hydromorphism degree are considered; the features of the similarity and differences between the solods and other soils with textural profile differentiation are shown. Depending on the reasons for the waterlogging, the solods should be divided into two groups: the solods of groundwater waterlogging and the solods of surface waterlogging. Criteria for their discrimination are suggested: the ratio between the contents of the clay fraction in the parent rock (or in the B2 horizon) and that in the A2 horizon, the changes in the pH values along the soil profiles, and the content of nonsilicate iron compounds. The solods studied are shown to be formed under the conditions of a stagnant-percolative regime and gleying. This circumstance is an obligatory and sufficient reason for the formation of the light-colored acid eluvial (A2) horizons. According to some basic properties of the soil solid phase (the acidity, the total chemical composition, and the clay pattern in the eluvial part), the gleyed solods are close or identical to the gleyed soddy-podzolic and gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils. At the same time, the solods differ from the gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils by their thicker A1 (or Ap) horizon and their higher humus content (5–7%).     

优化书库环境加强图书保护

通过分析损害图书的各种自然因素,阐明优化书库环境、加强图书保护的重要性。     

陶寺古城形成与选址的环境与文化背景研究

临汾地区的陶寺遗址是黄河中游地区发现的夏代之前的都邑性古城。通过对临汾地区和陶寺遗址区域自然环境条件的研究和分析,结合区域考古学文化的发展,探讨了陶寺古城的形成原因以及选址影响因素。研究表明:全新世中期至陶寺文化时期,临汾盆地由于较为暖湿的气候条件、良好的土地资源和水资源条件,区域内的新石器文化获得了持续发展。仰韶文化中晚期,我国中原地区及北方地区的新石器文化均获得了快速发展。临汾地区不仅处于这一文化发达区域的中心位置,而且地处我国中原核心地区同北方和东北地区文化交流的重要通道上,同时也是我国东西向文化交流的通道之一,由于这种优越的地理位置,临汾地区的区域文化优势地位逐渐显露出来。相当于龙山文化晚期的陶寺文化时期,相较其他中原核心地区,临汾地区受水患影响较小,区域文化的强势地位进一步凸显,因而成为都邑性古城兴起之地。陶寺文化时期,古城所在的黄土台地冲沟尚未下切,南河和宋村沟均为宽浅的沟谷型河流,高于平原地面的黄土台地既有利于设防又能有效规避水患,在塔儿山上游地区拥有较大汇水面积的南河和宋村沟又可以提供丰富稳定的水源,因而是营建古城的理想场所。     

水氮耦合对苹果光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过不同灌水量和施氮处理,研究水氮耦合对红富士苹果光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明:红富士苹果的光合特性在不同水肥组合下的变化不同,其光合作用存在明显的“午休”现象。中水高肥和高水高肥的肥水组合对光合速率的保持有一定的作用。低水中肥的肥水组合的蒸腾速率最低,保水效果最好。中度水分供应条件下,施用较多的氮肥可以提高气孔导度利于光合的进行。肥水管理以灌溉量5250m³/hm²、氮肥施用量600kg/hm²方案能获得较高的品质效益。     

Glyphosate and the response of the soil microbiota

Limited information on the effect of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) on soil microorganisms justified an inquiry into the response of soil actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi in terms of their respiration, and sensitivity of isolates. Low concentrations of glyphosate had little effect on total populations of these organisms during the 214-day experiment, while high concentrations initially increased actinomycete and bacterial numbers by 2 and 1$\text{case1}\text{2}$ logs, respectively. The stimulation was followed by a decline and fluctuation showing a gradual increase in numbers. The respiration rates of the soil microbiota in soil suspensions, showed some irregular stimulation and retardation with up to 10 μg glyphosate ml^?1. In contrast high doses suppressed O₂ uptake by the microbiota. Fungi were the least affected. Pronounced inhibition of actinomycete and bacterial respiration was in agreement with the results from isolate replication. The results indicated both stimulation and inhibition of O₂ uptake by some organisms within these groups. In contrast to some reports of limited, short-term inquiries these results showed considerable effects of glyphosate on soil microorganisms.