敌百虫治疗鲤鱼粘孢子虫病效果好

粘孢子虫病是鲤鱼的常见疾病之一，近两年来，在我场也发生此病。由于粘孢子虫寄生在鱼体皮肤上形成大小不同的瘤状胞囊，孢壳对孢子虫起保护作用，一般外用药物很难渗入胞囊内杀死虫体。根据有关资料介绍，目前治疗本病的药物虽然很多，但尚无特效。我场经过反复试验，用...     

野鲤碘泡虫病的治疗

野鲤碘泡虫属于粘孢子虫类,由于其孢子具有几丁质壳片,杀死它具有一定难度,粘孢子虫病的治疗目前无理想的方法,有些种类（如眩晕病）还是口岸检疫对象,有些种类虽不引起大批鱼死亡,但使鱼完全丧失食用价值,对此,必须重视。２０００年６月１２日,我市清泉乡一网箱养殖户养的鱼患了野鲤碘泡虫病。 野鲤碘泡虫病的主要症状：它寄生于鲤鲫鱼皮肤及鳃等处,形成白色胞囊,随病情发展,胞囊增大,数目增多,严重时,皮肤、鳃充满胞囊。主要危害当年鱼种,可使鱼消瘦而死。 清泉乡网箱养殖户是今年开始放养的,患病时箱中鲤鱼规格为：５０…     

鲤鱼单极虫病的诊断与防治

<正>单极虫是鲤鱼常见的一种寄生粘孢子虫。鲤鱼肠道单极虫病,已经严重危害鲤鱼养殖业的迅速发展。笔者于2010年4月对吉林省农安县太平池水库的病鱼调查中发现病鲤鱼肠壁上寄生了大量白色胞囊,取胞囊压片显微镜观察,经光学显微镜镜检后,鉴定为单极虫。并对该病进行了治疗,取得了较好的治疗效果。     

鲫鱼粘孢子虫病的防治

<正>粘孢子虫种类繁多,分布非常广泛;几乎所有的养殖鱼类都不同程度地受到粘孢子虫病的危害。近年来粘孢子虫病对鲫鱼的危害特别严重;随着鲫鱼在全国养殖范围的扩大,其呈日益加重趋势。粘孢子虫在鲫鱼喉     

鱼类粘孢子虫病的研究进展

粘孢子虫是鱼类寄生虫区系中的主要组成之一,目前国内发现６００余种,绝大多数隶属于粘孢子虫纲双壳亚纲,计有１１科２０属,其中不少种类可致严重鱼病。粘孢子虫生活史的研究是有效防治此类鱼病的关键,现已取得新的研究成果,主要表现在：（１）在鱼的血液中发现了“ＵＢＯ“,并证实是粘孢子虫的早期发育阶段;（２）某些粘孢子虫在其生活史中有中间寄主。对于粘孢子虫病的药物防治措施近年也取得了较大进展,由淡水渔业研究中     

鱼类粘孢子虫病的诊断与防治

鱼粘孢子虫病是近年来我省流行范围广、危害特别严重的一种鱼病。粘孢子虫一年四季均可见到，以夏秋季较为严重，主要危害鲤、鲫鱼，鲢、鳙、草鱼也时有发生。不论是鱼类苗种阶段，还是成鱼阶段均能发生粘孢子虫病。感染粘孢子虫的病鱼，食欲减退，生长缓慢，身体消瘦，甚至死亡。另外，寄生鱼体表的粘孢子虫，鱼外观丑陋，还影响商品鱼的销售。     

碘孢虫病的病例分析

孢子虫病根据不同的病原分为艾美虫病、粘孢子虫病、微孢子虫病、单孢子虫病和簇虫病五大类,其中粘孢子虫病又分成碘孢虫病、粘体虫病、草极虫病、旋缝虫病。本文以碘孢虫病为例,简单介绍该病的症状,流行情况,诊断方法及防治措施,以期为养殖生产提供参考。     

鱼类粘孢子虫病的研究进展

粘孢子虫是变温动物体内常见的原生动物类寄生虫,除少数种类寄生在两栖动物、爬行动物、环节动物和昆虫上外,其寄主基本上是鱼类,也可以说粘孢子虫是鱼类所特有的一类寄生虫,其危害程度十分严重,如果防治不及时,常常引起鱼类大批死亡,造成经济损失,给渔业生产造成极大的危害。自从1825年Jurine首次发现由粘孢子虫所引起的鱼病以来,粘孢子虫及其所引发病害的研究已取得     

鲤肤孢虫病及其防治研究

我国淡水鱼孢子虫病主要有球虫、粘孢子虫、微孢子虫及单孢子虫四大类。其中以球虫、粘孢子虫种类繁多，鱼病流行范围广，危害严重。笔者1997～2004年对广西青狮潭水库灌区鱼苗场鲤鱼出现的肤孢虫病进行了8年的跟综调查研究。     

如何动手创造一只美丽的水族箱

一、病原体 粘孢子虫病的病原体为粘孢子虫,隶属于孢子虫纲、粘孢子虫目。粘孢子虫以孢子形式寄生于海、淡水鱼类、两栖类、爬行类,分布世界各地。我国寄生于淡水鱼的有11属100余种。它的主要特征是孢子由原生质转化的两块大小和厚度基本一致的壳片套合而成。两壳连结处叫缝线,缝线由于粗厚或突起呈脊状结构,称作缝脊,有缝脊的面,称缝面,没有缝脊的一面称壳面。缝脊     

怀头鲇、鲇及其杂交F↓（1）肝、胰脏胚后发育及卵黄吸收方式

利用形态学和组织连续切片技术,对怀头鲇（Silurus soldatovi）、鲇（Silurus asotus）及其杂交F1的肝、胰脏胚后发育和卵黄吸收方式进行对比观察.结果表明,3种鲇出膜后约2天在心脏后方有一肝细胞团,3天后肝细胞团逐步增大,4天后肝分叶.以后随着各种鲇生长速度不同肝、胰脏发育程度也不同.3种鲇的胰脏均为紧凑型,卵黄囊依照先卵黄球、后脂肪的顺序被吸收,3种鲇只有怀头鲇和杂交F1代卵黄吸收方式相同.出膜后4天,各鲇的卵黄均被全部吸收,腹腔上部大部分空间为肝脏占有,同时腹腔内出现结构简单的胃及肠.研究还发现肝脏的发育与卵黄囊密切有关.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：460-465]     

长蛸墨囊的组织学及其墨腺超微结构

分析了长蛸墨囊组织学及墨腺细胞的超微结构.结果表明,墨囊由墨囊体、导管和墨腺3部分组成,墨囊壁和导管壁分为外膜、肌肉层、粘膜下层和粘膜层,墨囊壁与肝脏外膜紧密相连,墨囊导管开口于直肠末端近肛门处;墨腺集中在墨囊底部靠近肝脏的一侧,由粘膜上皮细胞向囊腔内增生形成,呈索状,腺体中部含丰富的结缔组织;墨腺细胞分为具有无分泌功能的A型细胞和有分泌功能的B型细胞,微绒毛分布于B型细胞的顶端;墨汁颗粒在墨腺细胞囊泡中形成,并以胞吐或细胞破碎的形式将墨汁颗粒排出.     

Effects of incubation water hardness and salinity on egg hatch and fry survival of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus)

This study examined the effects of water hardness and salinity on yolk sac larvae and swim‐up fry survival of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Chitralada strain), eggs during artificial incubation. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of hardness, salinity and the sources of saline incubation water. High water hardness treatments (500–4200 mg L^?1 as CaCO₃) resulted in higher yolk sac larvae and swim‐up fry survival than low water hardness treatments (50.0 and 132 mg L^?1 as CaCO₃); although yolk sac larvae and swim‐up fry survival did not differ among the high or low hardness treatments. Salinity of 4.0 g L^?1 using seawater, and 4.0 and 8.0 g L^?1 using unprocessed common salt resulted in the higher survival rate of yolk sac larvae and swim‐up fry than other salinity treatments. Yolk sac larvae and swim‐up fry survival was found to decrease with the increase in salinity and increase with the increase in water hardness. The present study demonstrated the positive effects of increased water hardness level (>132 mg L^?1) on yolk sac larvae and swim‐up fry survival. The study also showed that seawater salinity of 4 g L^?1 was the most appropriate salinity level for incubating Nile tilapia eggs.     

Morphological development of post hatch larval goldlined seabream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forskål, 1775)

Ultrastructural changes in Rhabdosargus sarba larva in early life history were investigated. At hatching, the digestive system was histologically undifferentiated. The digestive tract was a straight tube attached to the dorsal end of the yolk‐sac and was not connected to either the mouth or the anus. The layer of gut epithelium at some regions of the luminal surface was straight and microvilli were not present. These straight borders were not observed at 1 day post hatching (DPH) onwards as microvilli increased in number on the luminal surface and became more regular. At 2 DPH, the digestive system was well differentiated and the separation of the mid‐ and hindgut by the intestino‐rectal valve became more advanced. At 0 DPH, the eye was spherical and the retina had a zonation with undifferentiated cells. The eye also lacked differentiated photoreceptors (PR). The retinal PRs increased in length and in number as the yolk‐sac was absorbed. By 2 DPH, the eye was fully pigmented, suggesting that the larval vision system was functional. The larvae had a pure cone retina at the onset of exogenous feeding. Morphological and functional differentiation of the digestive tract and the eye of the larvae preceded the completion of yolk and oil globule absorption. The oil globule was exhausted at 4 DPH and at 2 DPH, the yolk‐sac was completely absorbed. Food particles were observed at 3 DPH. Food particle ingestion and absorption of the yolk‐sac were observed as vision became fully functional.     

Amino acid composition of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) and the prediction of dietary requirements for essential amino acids

Embryo somatic tissues, non‐somatic yolk‐sac materials, and whole, individual fingerlings (age 0+) of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), as well as a commercial trout diet, were analysed for a wide spectrum of amino acids. Analytical material consisted of prefeeding swim‐up fry that were separated into discrete yolk sac and somatic embryo tissue samples. Amino acid concentrations in fry somatic tissue and whole fingerlings were generally very similar to each other, but were lower than those measured in yolk materials. Higher correlations were observed between the majority of specific amino acid concentrations in the trout diet when compared with fingerling data (r² = 0.91) and fry somatic tissue data (r² = 0.89), than when correlated with fry yolk sac material (r² = 0.76). These results indicate that the essential amino acid profiles of fry somatic tissue and whole fingerlings are closer to that of a commercial feed than they are to the endogenous profiles found in the embryonic yolk sac material itself. The dietary ratios of individual essential amino acids were also compared with the total essential amino acid concentrations (A/E ratios) in whole fingerling tissues, and these ratios could be used to accurately estimate the apparent essential amino acid requirements of Arctic charr. The rationale for using carcass amino acid composition data to estimate the dietary essential amino acid requirements of Arctic charr is discussed.     

灰鲳仔稚鱼消化系统的发育

对出膜后1~35 d灰鲳仔稚鱼的消化系统进行了形态学和组织学观察。初孵仔鱼具有很大的卵黄囊,消化管为一简单的直形盲管。2日龄仔鱼消化系统中肠区首先开始分化,内面可见纹状缘。3日龄仔鱼胃区膨大,卵黄消失,肠道分化出小肠和直肠。侧囊在4日龄仔鱼时出现分化。5日龄仔鱼观察到幽门盲囊的初始结构,油球消失,从内源性营养向外源性营养过渡基本完成。6日龄仔鱼摄食主动。14日龄稚鱼肝脏分为两叶,体积增大,胰脏体积增大,胃弯曲呈"U"形,幽门盲囊指状分支已增加到几十个。22日龄稚鱼肠道弯曲更多,在胸腹腔中肠道盘曲程度已接近幼鱼。28日龄稚鱼侧囊背腹形成一纵隔,出现角质剌。35日龄稚鱼胃腺已十分丰富,侧囊结构也已完善,标志着灰鲳消化系统更趋完善。     

Ultrastructural pathology of Baltic salmon, Salmo salar L., yolk sac fry with the M74 syndrome

The ultrastructural pathology in liver, brain, skeletal and cardiac muscle of Baltic salmon yolk sac fry with the M74 syndrome is described. In the clinical stage of disease, the main pathological findings in the liver were a depletion of glycogen, condensation of nuclear chromatin, hydropic degeneration of mitochondria and a dilation of the bile canaliculi. In the terminal stage, additional findings were lipid accumulation and myelin whorls in the cytoplasm. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was degranulated and vesiculated and in some individuals, it formed concentric membranous whorls. Mitochondria showed several additional lesions, such as matrix densities, pleomorphism and cristae abnormalities. Skeletal myocytes were degenerated, and intracellular lipid accumulation was seen in the myocardium. In the brain, an increased frequency of cells exhibiting pyknosis or karryorhexis was recorded. The cytoplasm of these cells formed an amorphous mass of moderate density. The evaluation of brain and skeletal muscle was complicated by sporadic occurrence of pathological findings in the reference material, i.e. clinically healthy Baltic salmon yolk sac fry. As these yolk sac fry are suspected to have a subclinical thiamine deficiency, reference material in future studies should include salmon yolk sac fry from Atlantic populations or originating from reared broodstock.     

三角帆蚌珍珠囊细胞的分泌活动

本文对三角帆蚌珍珠囊细胞的分泌活动进行了亚显微结构的研究。发现珍珠囊表皮细胞能积极地进行物质合成 ,这些物质主要是蛋白质、硫酸化粘多糖和中性粘多糖 ,并将这些物质以微绒毛分泌、块状物分泌、细胞间隙分泌和大颗粒分泌等多种方式分泌到珍珠囊腔 ;而位于珍珠囊表皮细胞之间的、来源于外套膜结缔组织的腺细胞则含有丰富的中性粘多糖 ,并通过开口式分泌的方式释放到珍珠囊腔 ,同珍珠囊表皮细胞分泌的物质一起 ,共同参与珍珠结晶层的形成 ;珍珠囊细胞分泌的多样性与珍珠组成的复杂有关 ;珍珠囊细胞的分泌活动具有节律性和区段性的特点 ,这种区段性和节律性的分泌与珍珠多层结晶纤层的形成相适应。