犬红细胞Cu.Zn—SOD的纯化及其部分特性

采用乙醇一氯仿处理，加热，丙酮沉淀和ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ａ－５０柱层析的方法，从犬血红细胞中提纯了铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ．Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ），并对其部分性质进行了研究，比活力为４１５０Ｕ／ｍｇ，不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳呈现１条区带，ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得该酶的亚基分子量为１６３００，紫外最大吸收峰位于２５９ｎｍ氨基本组成中不含有色氨酸。     

旋毛虫肌幼虫可溶性抗原,排汇分泌抗原的电泳分析

枉文报道了应用十二烷基硫酸钠－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ），聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦（ＩＥＦ）电泳及二维电泳（ＩＥＦ／ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）对旋毛虫肌幼虫排汇分泌（ＥＳ）抗原和肌幼虫可溶性抗原的分析结果。肌幼虫ＥＳ抗原经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后用考马斯亮蓝染色蛋白质，结果显示１６条蛋白带，分子量范围２１￣８０ＫＤ，其中主带９条。ＩＥＦ电泳后分别用ＰＡＳ染多糖、考马斯亮蓝Ｒ－２５０染蛋白质、Ｎｉｌｅ＇     

ST1肠毒素融合蛋白的纯化及部分特性分析

用ＳＡｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１５０凝胶和ＥＤ－３２离子交换层析，从重组菌ＰＧＥＭＳＴ２株内分离，纯化ＳＴ１，肠毒素融合蛋白，回收的ＳＴ１肠毒素融合蛋白占细菌总蛋白的３１．５％。ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳条件呈一条蛋白带。ＳＴ１肠毒素融合蛋白不溶于甲醇，乳鼠试验阴性。     

旋毛虫肌幼虫可溶性抗原、排泄分泌抗原的电泳分析

本文报道了应用十二烷基硫酸钠一聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ），聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦（ＩＥＦ）电泳及二维电泳（ＩＥＦ／ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）对旋毛虫肌动虫排泄分泌（ＥＳ）抗原和肌幼虫可溶性抗原的分析结果。肌幼虫ＥＳ抗原经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后用考马斯亮蓝染色蛋白质，结果显示１６条蛋白带，分子量范围２１～８０ＫＤ，其中主带９条。ＩＥＦ电泳后分别用ＰＡＳ染多糖、考马斯亮蓝Ｒ－２５０染蛋白质、Ｎｉｌｅ＇ｓ蓝染脂、醋酸ａ－萘酯／坚固蓝染酪酶同工酶，结果肌幼虫ＥＳ抗原分别显示１６，２６、７及０条带；肌幼虫可溶性抗原分别显示２１、３８、４及１１条带。二维电泳后用考马斯亮蓝Ｇ－２５０染色多肤斑点，结果ＥＳ抗原显示多肽斑点６１个；肌幼虫可溶抗原显示１２２个多肽斑点。     

荒漠猫血液蛋白质和酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对５只荒漠猫（Ｆｅｌｉｓｂｉｅｔｉ）血液中的血红蛋白（ＨＢ），运铁蛋白（ＴＦ），亲血色蛋白（Ｈｐ）以及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ），淀粉酶（ＡＭＹ），酯酶（ＥＳ）和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）的多态性进行了研究。结果发现，被检荒漠猫的ＴＦ，Ｈｐ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｓ－ＥＳ和Ｓ－ＡＬＰ共５个基因座存在多态性，ＨＢ，ＲＢＣ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＬＤＨ，ＲＢＣ－ＥＳ和ＲＢＣ－ＡＬＰ共６个基因座为单态，表明荒漠猫的血液蛋白质和酶具有颇大的遗传变异性     

免瘟病毒的提取及结构蛋白鉴定

将已确诊为免瘟的送检病死兔，通过人工感染增殖，采取死亡兔的肝磨碎，并反复冻融后，分别经氯仿抽提、聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ，ＭＷ６０００）沉淀浓缩、高速离心、ＤＥＡＥ５２离子交换层新析提取和纯化兔瘟病毒，通过ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行分析，结果只出现一条病毒结构蛋白带，证明用ＤＥＡＥ５２层析方法得到的病毒较纯。     

青海细毛羊生化遗传多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和火焰光度法对５０９只青海细毛羊细血液和乳汁中ＨＢ，ＥＰ－１，ＥＰ－２，ＫＥ，ＴＦ，ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２，ＥＳ，ＡＬＰ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｈｐα－ＬＡ和β－ＬＧ总共１３个位点的多态性进行了研究。结果为：（１）在青海细毛羊的ＨＢ，ＫＥ，ＴＦ，ＡＭＹ２，ＥＳ，ＡＬＰ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ１，Ｈｐ，β－ＬＧ总共９个位点上发现多态性，多态性位点的比例为６９．２３％；（２）每个位点实有的平均等位     

双峰驼诱导排卵因子活性肽的分离

从双峰驼精清内分离出一种新的活性多肽，这种多肽是将公驼的精清经ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素和ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００柱层析加以初步分离，在试验动物上测试，找到可以诱发母兔排卵的活性多肽，用十二烷基硫酸钠－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和等电聚焦电泳测定了这种多的分子量和等电点。     

诊断B组轮状病毒的三种酶联免疫方法的建立

用从当地分离鉴定的山羊Ｂ组轮状病毒ＫＢ－６３毒株，在剥夺初乳的山羊羔体内传代繁殖病毒，制备抗原，建立了酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）及生物素－亲和素系统酶联免疫吸附试验（ＢＡＢ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）。这三种方法经阻断试验、重复性试验以及交叉试验表明，其特异性、重复性好。以双盲法将此三种方法与对流免疫电泳法（ＣＩＥ）和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（ＰＡＧＥ）作了对比研究，     

云南中甸尼西鸡的血液蛋白多态性研究

采用水平式淀粉胶凝胶电泳技术和垂直式聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检测了云南中甸尼西鸡的血液蛋白多态，对３３个样本的３７个基因座位进行了分析，共有９个座位出现多态，分别为ＥＳ－１、ＥＳ－２、ＡＫＰ－１、ＡＫＰ－２、ＬＡＰ、ＰＧＭ、ＣＫ、Ｔｆ及６ＰＧＤ。多态位点百分比Ｐ＝０．２４３２，平均杂合度Ｈ＝０．１０１５，每个座位等位基因的平均数Ａ＝１．３７８４，结果表明尼西鸡的血液蛋白多态程度较高，在蛋白质水平上的遗传多样性较为丰富。同时发现Ａｍｙ－１座位只出现杂合子ＡＢ型。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein