人畜共患病的分类、流行及研究方向

人畜共患病不仅对人类健康造成巨大的威胁,也会对畜牧养殖业带来毁灭性打击。如何有效预防、控制和消灭人畜共患病已成为全人类面临的巨大挑战。本文主要概述了人畜共患病的分类、流行现状及危害,并针对一些重大人畜共患病病原体,如SARS病毒、H5N1禽流感病毒所取得的一些重要进展加以阐述,提出了今后的研究方向。     

A cross-sectional study of geriatric horses in the United Kingdom. Part 2: Health care and disease

Reasons for performing study: Geriatric horses (aged ≥15 years) represent a substantial proportion of the equine population, yet very few studies have investigated the prevalence of diseases within the UK equine geriatric population. Objectives: To describe the provision of routine preventive health care measures, prevalence of clinical signs of disease and the prevalence of owner reported diseases. Additionally, the effect of increasing age on the provision of preventive health care and the presence or absence of clinical signs and disease was assessed. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted, surveying a randomly selected sample of veterinary registered owners with horses aged ≥15 years, using a self‐administered postal questionnaire. Results: As geriatric horses increased in age, there was a reduction in the provision of preventive health care measures, such as vaccination, farrier care and routine veterinary checks. Only 68.7% of horses had received a routine veterinary visit within the previous 12 months. Owners frequently observed clinical signs in their animals, with 77% reporting at least one clinical sign of disease. Increasing age was associated with increased reporting of many clinical signs of disease. Over half (58%) of horses had at least one episode of disease within the previous 12 months, yet only 31% of owners reported that their animal currently suffered from a known disease or disorder. Conclusions and potential relevance: Although owners frequently observed clinical signs in their aged horse, there may be incorrect or under recognition of many diseases and health problems. Reduced frequency of routine preventive health care measures, along with suboptimal owner recognition of health and welfare problems may lead to compromised welfare in the geriatric population.     

A review of 14 cases of hypertrophic osteopathy (Marie's disease) in horses in the Republic of Ireland

There are few reports describing hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) in horses and no reports describing this in the Irish equine population. This case series outlines the clinical, radiological and pathological features of HO in horses in Ireland and compares and contrasts the findings to previous reports. Overall, the prevalence of HO in Irish horses was found to be low with clinical signs similar to previous reports. Diagnosis of the primary lesion was low, largely due to the limited diagnostic evaluation in a large proportion of the horses evaluated. The horses had a low average age and a high prevalence (35.5%) of mandibular and facial involvement.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒基因组A节段编码前体多聚蛋白的遗传踪迹分析

为研究鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)毒力变异的分子机理,本实验采用进化踪迹分析方法对GenBank中登录的28个毒力不同的IBDV参考病毒株的基因组A节段编码的前体多聚蛋白(NH2-pVP2-VP4-VP3-COOH)推导的氨基酸序列进行分析。结果表明超强IBDV与标准IBDV的差异位点集中在第299位、451位、680位、715位和751位氨基酸上;致弱IBDV与标准IBDV的差异位点在第242位、253位、330位和981位氨基酸。该结果为进一步研究IBDV的毒力变异奠定基础。     

A review of official data obtained from dog control records generated by the dog control service of county cork, Ireland during 2007

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There are no peer reviewed data on dog control records from an official agency in Ireland. In order to address this, a total of 2,669 official dog control service records generated during 2007 by Cork County Council dog control service were reviewed. RESULTS: Over 70 percent of records related to unwanted dogs and dogs not under their owners control. Stray dogs were collected by the service regularly throughout the year but with notable increase in voluntary surrenders by owners from January through to April. The majority of dogs collected or surrendered were male (2:1 ratio), of medium size, described as having a friendly temperament and were not wearing a neck collar. The Crossbreed and Greyhound breeds were more frequently collected as strays, while Greyhounds and German Shepherds were more frequently voluntarily surrendered by their owner. Restricted breeds such as Pit Bull terriers, German Shepherds and Rottweilers were more frequently reported by members of the public for aggressive behaviour while the only restricted breed reported for biting or snapping was the German Shepherd. CONCLUSIONS: Routine recording of dog control services in County Cork provide data on responsible dog ownership including the licensing of breeds, and surrender of owned dogs and the collection of stray dogs. Data capture and utilisation of dog control services by local authorities has potential to inform policy on responsible dog ownership and education programmes.