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仔猪肠黏膜营养与肠道修复 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
肠道不仅是营养物质消化和吸收的重要场所,而且是营养物质代谢的重要器官。本文从仔猪肠道生理特点出发,综述了仔猪肠道黏膜结构与功能、黏膜营养、黏膜修复,为断奶仔猪生长发育及生产应用提供参考。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫的调节作用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
作者综述了早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统、谷氨酰胺的营养生理功能、早期断奶对仔猪肠黏膜免疫的影响,以及谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的结构和功能、肠道屏障功能、肠道抗氧化能力及生产性能的影响。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺在维持动物机体的正常生理功能方面起着非常重要的作用,尤其在一些应激条件下,如病理,创伤,仔猪早期断奶等,加入外源的谷氨酰胺能很好的避免仔猪可能发生的肠道粘膜萎缩、免疫紊乱、吸收功能下降等症状。本文就近几年来谷氨酰胺在仔猪肠道中的代谢以及对肠道结构和免疫功能的影响作了简要概述。 相似文献
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仔猪早期断奶是提高养猪生产效率的重要手段,而3~4周龄断奶常引起仔猪断奶后1~2周的生长停滞和腹泻,称为早期断奶应激综合征(蒋宗勇,1994)。目前,人们对断奶仔猪应激综合征的发生机制和控制措施进行了大量研究,取得了引人注目的进展。近几年,关于肠道黏膜氨基酸代谢的一些最新的、具有重要生理和营养意义的发现,也引起了人们的重视,为进一步阐明早期断奶仔猪营养应激的原因提供了试验研究的基础根据,并从维持肠道结构、代谢和正常功能的角度控制断奶仔猪营养应激,提高生产效率,探索新的视角和途径。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺在维持动物机体的正常生理功能方面起着非常重要的作用,尤其在一些应激条件下,如病理,创伤,仔猪早期断奶等,加入外源的谷氨酰胺能很好的避免仔猪可能发生的肠道粘膜萎缩、免疫紊乱、吸收功能下降等症状.本文就近几年来谷氨酰胺在仔猪肠道中的代谢以及对肠道结构和免疫功能的影响作了简要概述. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(18)
膳食营养对胃肠道的生长和功能有重要作用,胃肠道生长发育的营养支持是仔猪护理必不可少的组成部分。母猪乳汁和配方营养影响着胃肠道屏障功能和肠黏膜免疫系统的发育,其中的功能性营养成分和其他生物活性物质有利于肠道保护和成熟的微环境的建立。而在仔猪新生和断奶阶段,因胃肠道结构和功能发育不全,在面对病原微生物感染和各种应激时,易出现肠道功能紊乱、腹泻等疾病频发的问题,甚至导致死亡。因此,通过保障仔猪肠道健康的饲料营养调控技术集成来提高仔猪成活率和健康水平的研究成为了热点。本文就国家生猪产业技术体系在仔猪肠道健康的营养调控技术及其应用上所做的工作,从仔猪肠道结构和功能关系、营养物质吸收和转运、肠道发育蛋白组学研究、肠道损伤机制、母体和日粮营养对肠道健康的调控作用,以及高效饲养模式集成等方面进行综述,为推动养猪业中仔猪肠道健康营养调控技术的发展和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献