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植酸酶是可将植酸分解成无机磷和肌醇的一类酶,广泛用于饲料工业、食品工业和医药工业。植酸酶能提高单胃动物对植酸磷的利用,降低植酸磷对环境的污染,所以植酸酶的应用有着非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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不同植酸磷水平饲粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本试验旨在研究不同植酸磷水平饲粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭504只,随机分为7组,包括1个高非植酸磷(前期4.0 g/kg;后期3.4 g/kg)对照组和6个低非植酸磷(前期2.4 g/kg;后期1.8 g/kg)试验组.试验组饲粮采用2×3因子完全随机设计,植酸磷设2.00和3.50 g/kg2个水平,植酸酶设500、1 000和1 500 U/kg 3个水平.每组设6个重复,每个重复12只鸭.试验期40 d.结果表明,饲粮植酸磷和植酸酶水平显著影响肉鸭全期平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.01)、平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01)以及后期料重比(F/G)(P<0.05),其中高植酸磷饲粮显著优于低植酸磷饲粮(P<0.05).植酸磷和植酸酶水平对末均重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均呈现显著的互作效应(P<0.05).低植酸磷饲粮中肉鸭ADG和ADFI随着植酸酶添加量提高而显著提高(P<0.05),高植酸磷饲粮中1 000 U/kg组显著高于500 U/kg组(P<0.05),与1 500 U/kg组无显著差异(P>0.05).植酸酶水平显著影响肉鸭21和40日龄血清磷水平以及21日龄血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但对21和40日龄血清钙水平和40日龄血清碱性磷酸酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05).结果提示,在低非植酸磷饲粮中添加植酸酶可提高肉鸭的生长性能,其中在高植酸磷饲粮中的效果优于低植酸磷饲粮;随着植酸酶水平的增加,血清碱性磷酸酶活性降低. 相似文献
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植酸酶在饲料中的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
植酸酶是降解植物性饲料中植酸(肌醇六磷酸酯)及其盐类的一种脂酶。植物饲料中的磷由于大部分存在于植酸及植酸盐中,难以被单胃动物利用,随粪便排出,污染环境,并且植酸通过螯合作用还降低了动物对锌、锰、铁、钙和钾等主要矿物元素以及蛋白质的利用率。植酸酶可促进饲料中植酸和植酸盐的分解,使磷得以被动物利用,促进动物生长发育,同时有利于改善饲养环境,减少污染。本文拟从植酸磷的性质、植酸酶的生物特性及研究应用现状诸方面来论述在饲料中添加植酸酶的重要意义和应用前景。1植酸磷的性质植酸或植酸盐几乎存在于所有植物性饲… 相似文献
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《广东饲料》2016,(4)
本研究利用1440只11~13日龄直系56M×快速型科宝500F杂交肉鸡测定了钙、植酸磷、非植酸磷和植酸酶浓度对不同胃肠段中肌醇己糖磷酸(IP6)降解的影响。本试验采用2×2×2×3随机分组试验设计,分别是两种钙水平(0.7%、1.0%),两种植酸磷水平(0.23%、0.34%),两种非植酸磷水平(0.28%、0.45%)和三种植酸酶水平(0、500(FTU)/kg、1000(FTU)/kg)。每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。13日龄时,检测嗉囊、肌胃和腺胃、回肠末端消化物中IP6的浓度。在嗉囊中发现,钙水平提高可以增加IP6的浓度(P0.05)。排除植酸磷和植酸酶之间的相互作用,更高水平的植酸磷会得到更高的IP6浓度(P0.05);植酸磷和植酸酶对肌胃和腺胃、回肠中IP6浓度的影响具有相似性(P0.05),且两者间没有互作效应。钙和非植酸磷对肌胃和腺胃中IP6浓度的影响存在显著交互作用(P0.05)。高水平钙组与低水平钙组相比会显著降低回肠中IP6浓度(0.7%Ca组为62.3%,1.0%Ca组为57.5%,P0.05)。总之,添加植酸酶提高了IP6降解率,但是影响程度依赖于非植酸磷和植酸磷的水平。试验结果表明,无论胃肠道的各个部位或者饲粮成分,植酸酶显著降低了回肠末端IP6浓度和IP6消失率,但饲粮钙、植酸磷和非植酸磷的作用效果不同可能与肠段不同有关。 相似文献
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小麦日粮中木聚糖酶和植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长和养分消化率的影响 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
432只艾维因肉仔鸡用于研究小麦基础日粮中添加木聚糖酶(320FXU/kg)或添加750U/kg植酸酶降低日粮中0.08%的非植酸磷后,对生长性能、日粮表观代谢能、粗蛋白和植酸磷表观消化率的影响。试验结果表明:无论是单一添加木聚糖酶或植酸酶,还是同时添加这两种酶,都能提高1-6周龄肉仔鸡的增重和饲料转化率,降低死亡率。添加木聚糖酶可提高肉仔鸡小麦日粮的表观代谢能2.14%,增加氮的存留量2.58%。750U/kg的植酸酶完全可以降低肉仔鸡小麦日粮中0.08%非植酸磷。添加植酸酶的处理组可提高植酸磷的表观消化率43.25%,减少植酸磷排泄量55.0%。植酸酶和木聚糖酶对全期饲料转化率和植酸磷的表观消化率表现有明显的正互作效应(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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动物饲粮主要是以植物饲料原料为主体配制而成的饲料类型.然而,植物饲料原料中的磷元素主要的存在方式是植酸磷.植酸磷不易被动物所利用,因此,为了满足动物对磷元素的需求,往往会在饲料中添加磷酸氢钙等额外的磷元素,这样做导致的后果是增加了饲料成本,并且动物排到体外的磷元素也大大增加,既不经济也不利于环境保护.植酸酶是一种能够将植酸以及植酸盐分解为磷酸盐和肌醇的一类酶,饲粮中添加植酸酶能够提高动物对饲料中磷元素的利用.有研究表明,植酸酶还能够提高动物对蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质元素的利用率,提高动物的生产性能.本文主要从植酸酶的作用和饲粮中添加植酸酶对猪生产的影响这两方面综述植酸酶的功效,以期为我国猪生产上减少其他磷元素等矿物质饲料提供依据,也希望能够为降低我国猪生产的饲料成本提供指导. 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献