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近年来,多肽在动物营养中发挥的作用受到广泛关注。动物副产品或植物性蛋白质饲料通过化学、酶或者微生物水解可获得优质的多肽,这些多肽对于家畜、禽类和鱼类的生长具有重要的营养和生理调节作用。日粮中的蛋白质在胃肠道多种酶的作用下也可产生多种肽类,其种类因动物的生理状况和日粮组成的不同而有较大差异。分子量较大的多肽在小肠中会被进一步水解为小肽,并以二肽或三肽的形式被肠上皮细胞吸收。因此,小肽在动物小肠的吸收效率要高于游离氨基酸,更有利于血液中氨基酸的平衡。一些动植物来源的多肽除具有蛋白质营养价值外,还具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗高血压和免疫调节等生物学功能,被称为生物活性肽。生物活性肽通常由2~20个氨基酸组成(有些活性肽氨基酸组成可能超过20个)。在玉米-大豆基础日粮中添加2%~8%的动物蛋白质水解物(如猪小肠、猪黏膜、鲑鱼内脏或家禽组织水解产物)或大豆蛋白质水解产物能够提高断奶仔猪、牛犊、家禽和鱼的生长性能和饲料转化率。因此,在日粮中添加蛋白质水解物能够提高家畜和宠物的营养水平和生长,并改善其健康状况(尤其是肠道健康)及动物福利。 相似文献
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小肽的营养功能及在畜牧业生产中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来的研究改变了长期以来人们对蛋白质营养理论的认识,蛋白质营养已经不是简单的氨基酸营养,小肽营养也占据了非常重要的地位。肽是蛋白质的消化产物,氨基酸残基数目低于50个称为多肽,2~10个氨基酸组成的称之为寡肽,寡肽中含有2或3个氨基酸残基的为小肽。小肽可被完整地吸收进入动物循环系统.直接被组织代谢利用.在动物营养与代谢中起到重要作用。 相似文献
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小肽(Small peptide)是蛋白质在动物消化道内消化成氨基酸的中间产物,小肽能被动物直接吸收的肽营养理论是营养学上的一个重要发现,其对动物的营养作用不容忽视.文章阐述小肽吸收机制及营养作用,同时对肽营养研究作出展望. 相似文献
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詹海琴 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2015,(4):7-8
小肽(Small Peptide)是动物在进行蛋白质消化时产生的中间物质,通常情况下是指由2~3个氨基酸缩合而成的寡肽。小肽具有吸收快、能被动物直接利用等特点。传统蛋白质理论认为蛋白质只有分解为游离氨基酸(FAA)才能被动物吸收利用,但是近年来的研究表明,小肽能以完整的形式被动物机体直接吸收利用,并且具有促进蛋白质的合成、促进矿物元素吸收等营养作用。目前,各种小肽制品也逐步应用于动物生产之中。 相似文献
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传统的蛋白质营养理论认为,蛋白质在肠道中都被消化成氨基酸,然后通过肠壁被机体吸收,蛋白质营养就成了氨基酸营养。事实上,许多试验表明,用纯化组合日粮或低蛋白质平衡氨基酸日粮饲喂动物,并不能使其表现出最佳生产性能。随着研究的深入开展,产生了一些蛋白质营养的新认识和新观点,其中最为重要的应是小肽营养的理论,已逐渐被接受,蛋白质营养包括氨基酸营养和小肽营养。当蛋白质以小肽形式供给时,可提高动物对蛋白质的利用率,进一步发挥动物的生产潜能,具有增强动物免疫、防病抗病能力、改善动物产品品质等重要作用。对于反刍动物的蛋白质… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献