复方黄芩对仔猪生长性能的影响

将40头45日龄三元杂交仔猪按体重随机分为2组。饲喂玉米豆粕型基础日粮,试验组日粮中加0.2%复方黄芩,对照组添加0.12%五疫康和0.1%土霉素,试验期40d。结果表明,试验组平均日增重(ADG)比对照组提高8.29%,料重比降低4.96%,差异均显著(P<0.05)。     

膨化大豆和乳清粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选取118头刚离乳的杜长加仔猪 ,随机分成3组 ,饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮。试验组饲粮中分别添加5 %的膨化大豆和乳清粉部分替代日粮中的豆粕 ,饲养试验进行30d。结果表明 :与对照组比较 ,饲粮中添加膨化大豆组猪的日增重提高了7.54 % ,料重比和腹泻率分别下降了6.95 %和14.55 % ;添加乳清粉组猪的日增重提高了9.17 % ,料重比和腹泻率分别下降了6.64 %和15.76 % ,且添加乳清粉组猪的日均采食量比对照组和添加膨化大豆组均有增加趋势     

发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕对断奶仔猪饲喂效果的影响

对照组采用以普通豆粕为主要蛋白质来源的基础日粮配方,试验组在同一基础配方中以发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕,配制对照组和试验组两种饲料,以早期断奶仔猪为试验对象,研究发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果。选用30~33日龄长大杂交一代断奶仔猪60头,随机分为2组,分别饲喂上述2种日粮。每组30头,分3栏每栏饲养10头。检测仔猪生产性能、腹泻率、死陶率和血液生化指标进行分析比较,试验期35 d。结果表明:发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕用于断奶仔猪日粮可提高日增重(14.50%)、降低料重比(9.50%)、降低腹泻率(29.1%)和死陶率(50%);提高血清白蛋白和白球比(18.73%和11.11%)。     

仔猪玉米-豆粕型日粮中华芬酶的饲用效果

本试验选用40 头45 日龄的杜大长杂交断乳仔猪分为2 组,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加华芬酶Ⅱ型0.1% ,以观察华芬酶在断乳仔猪玉米豆粕型日粮中的饲养效果。试验结果表明,试验组的日增重比对照组提高8.84% ;饲料转化率提高9.95% ;每千克增重降低饲料成本9.2% 。     

在玉米—豆粕型日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶对生长猪生产性能的影响

试验研究了玉米—豆粕型日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶对生长猪生产性能的影响。选择128头平均体重为26kg左右的杜大长三元杂交仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成2个处理组,每处理4个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.15%含250U/g的α-半乳糖苷酶复合酶的日粮,进行为期66d的试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,玉米—豆粕型日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶的试验组,日增重提高9.59%,料重比降低9.03%,每千克增重饲料成本降低0.45元,经济效益提高8.06%。说明在玉米—豆粕型日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶可显著提高生长猪的生产性能。     

不同比例的玉米豆粕日粮饲喂生长獭兔的效果研究

旨在研究不同比例的玉米豆粕日粮对生长獭兔的试验效果,以筛选最佳饲料配方.选择45日龄健康的生长獭兔100只,随机分成5组.处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,分别饲喂单玉米型日粮、单豆粕型日粮、双兼型日粮、双无型日粮;对照组,饲喂常规玉米-豆粕型日粮.试验期为56 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组生长獭兔的末重、日增重、料重比差异均不显著(P＞0.05);各试验组獭兔的采食量均较对照组有所提高,以Ⅳ组最高,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05);各试验组日粮均降低了獭兔的腹泻率和死亡率;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组各营养物质的消化率与对照组相比,差异均不显著(P＞0.05);各试验组生长獭兔被毛品质未产生不良影响,且饲料成本显著降低.由此可见,适当降低玉米和豆粕使用量,合理搭配日粮在技术上是可行的,可获得较好的饲喂效果,显著提高经济效益.     

复合酶高活性酵母对岭南黄肉鸡生产性能的影响

300只岭南黄肉鸡随机分为2组(每组设3个重复,每个重复50只),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中用3%活性酵母替代3%豆粕。饲养试验结果表明:0～49日龄,平均末重、平均日增重、成活率试验组分别比对照组提高8.74%(P<0.05)、8.91%(P<0.05)和5.00%(P<0.05),试验组料蛋比比对照组下降11.25%(P<0.05)。代谢试验表明:能量表观利用率和粗蛋白质表观利用率试验组比对照组分别提高4.05%(P<0.05)和6.84%(P<0.05)。     

日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶对仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验研究了玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶对生长猪生产性能的影响。选择72头平均体重约16.9kg的长白三元杂交仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成2个处理组,每处理组3个重复,对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验组饲喂在常规日粮中添加0.01%含4000u/g的α-半乳糖苷酶复合酶的日粮,进行为期40d的试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪日增重提高8.08%(P<0.05),料重比降低3.14%(P<0.05),头均毛利润提高14.71元,经济效益提高9.08%。综上可知,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶可显著提高生长猪的生产性能。     

华芬酶在仔猪玉米豆粕型日粮中的饲养效果

本试验选用40 头45 日龄的杜大长杂交断乳仔猪分为两组,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加华芬酶Ⅱ型0 .1 % ,以观察华芬酶在断乳仔猪玉米豆粕型日粮中的饲养效果。试验结果表明:试验组的日增重比对照组提高8 .84 % ;饲料转化率提高9 .95 % ;每kg 增重饲料成本降低9 .2 % 。     

脱毒蓖麻粕饲喂育肥猪试验

本试验将100头体重和日龄相近的苏淮猪随机分成两组,试验猪在小猪至中猪阶段（30天）和中猪至大猪阶段（56天）分别饲喂不同营养水平的日粮,试验组日粮用脱毒蓖麻粕代替部分豆粕,对照组日粮不含脱毒蓖麻粕。试验结果表明,试验组和对照组猪的日增重、日采食量和料重比均无显著差异。可见脱毒蓖麻粕代替部分豆粕是可行性的。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …