沙葱在养羊生产中的应用前景

研究安全、高效的饲料添加剂以提高畜禽产品品质、降低残留、减少或禁用抗生素是畜禽生产的发展趋势。沙葱作为一种安全、高效的饲料添加剂,既有利于动物本身的生长,又能改善动物肌体品质,还不会影响生态环境和人类的健康。以沙葱作为天然饲料添加剂在养羊业中应用的研究,为开发新型的饲料添加剂提供了依据。     

中草药添加剂替代抗生素在断奶仔猪中的应用研究

<正>近年来,随着人们对抗生素、化学合成物作为饲料添加剂使用容易使动物产生抗药性和药物残留等用药弊端的认识加深,无公害的中草药饲料添加剂越来越多地受到关注。从2006年1月1日起,欧盟全面禁止食品动物使用抗生素促生长饲料添加剂。为了扩大饲料添加剂的来源,许多学者已经从植物药或其副产品中寻找新型添加剂。     

复合微生态制剂对经产母猪繁殖性能及粗蛋白质表观消化率的影响

研发使用新型、安全、高效的饲料添加剂取代抗生素和化学合成药品已成为必然趋势,也是当前国内外饲料学科的一项重要研究内容。微生态制剂作为一种新型的无毒、无污染生物制品类饲料添加剂,在调节动物机体微生态平衡、预防疾病、提高饲料转化率、促进动物健康和保护生态环境等方面有着其他添加剂不可替代的作用,应用也越来越广泛。     

为什么酶可作为饲料添加剂

酶是一类具有神奇效力的新型饲料添加剂,酶能加快动物生长,并能降低机体对疾病的易感性,酶是药吗?酶是消化剂吗?为什么我们要使用酶饲料添加剂呢? 酶作为饲料添加剂的简单原因是因它能提高饲料利用率。两份生物学报告阐明了酶添加剂的主要用途。首先,与成年动物相比,幼年动物(即雏鸡、仔猪和犊牛)消化酶的活力不足。其次,动物消化酶是由自体合成酶和正常肠道微生物合成酶所构成。正因如此,酶可作为饲料添加剂。酶添加剂能使正常肠道消化力提早出现,或使动物增添新酶活力。许多酶均可作为饲料添加剂,如蛋白酶、脂肪酶、植物酶和多糖酶。     

益生素在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用研究

长期以来,人们一直使用抗生素来治疗和预防动物疾病,促进动物生长和提高饲料利用率.由于抗生素作为饲料添加剂的广泛持续使用,导致动物胃肠道正常菌群失调,产生耐药性和药物残留等副作用,给动物机体和畜产品消费者的健康带来危害.而益生素作为一种新型的微生物饲料添加剂,因其无毒、无副作用和作用效果显著而越来越受到人们重视.     

寡糖饲料添加剂研究进展及应用前景

本文介绍了寡糖饲料添加剂的应用背景、研究进展和生理作用及机制 ;寡糖对动物肠道微生物区系调节、激活机体免疫系统提高抗病能力和提高动物生产性能的作用表明寡糖在畜产品安全生产中可作为一种新型绿色饲料添加剂开发应用     

中草药饲料添加剂的特点和作用

正中草药饲料添加剂是以传统中兽医理论为基础,并且以动物营养和饲料工业学科为技术依托研究出来的一种新型饲料产品。在畜禽养殖过程中作为添加剂,提高动物免疫能力以达到预防疾病、提高生产性能的目的。1中草药饲料添加剂的特点1.1天然安全中草药是天然植物、动物以及矿物质的产品,本身是各种生物有机体的组成部分,保留了各种天然组织的自然状态和生物活性,而且长期使用不会产生耐药性,毒副作用较小,也不会产     

生物技术在饲料添加剂中的应用——评《饲料添加剂的配制及应用》

饲料添加剂的概念起始于20世纪初期,基于动物营养理论和饲养研究发现,在饲料中添加少量的维生素和矿物质能够有效提高动物的采食量,提高饲料利用率,促进动物健康生长。近几年,随着生物技术的快速发展,饲料添加剂不再局限于微量营养素,逐渐扩展到酶制剂、生物添加剂、功能性寡糖、生物活性肽、核苷酸、甜菜碱、有机微量元素等新型饲料添加剂,这为饲料的配制研发提供了更多选择。     

新型功能性饲料添加剂--植物甾醇的应用开发

作为一种新型功能性饲料添加剂 ,植物甾醇可应用于降低禽蛋和禽肉中胆固醇的含量 ,具有增进动物蛋白质合成、促进动物生长和健康的功能 ,还可作为畜禽饲养的肝功能改善剂。植物甾醇在饲料工业中具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种新型饲料添加剂--好特美

由于传统抗生素存在药物残留、耐药性问题，还会影响人类健康和污染环境，许多抗生素被限制使用。好特美作为一种新型饲料添加剂，具有提高动物生产性能、提高饲料转化率、环保等优点，很可能成为新型添加剂的来源。简述了好特美及其特点、作用机制以及作为饲料添加剂应用的优势和发展前景。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。