Modelling annual cycles of primary production in different regions of the Bohai Sea

The Bohai Sea is a typical shallow sea in which the average depth of water is about 18 m, and which has a rich biodiversity and abundance of marine life. The values of primary production differ among the four different regions of the Bohai Sea. A biological model consisting of nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus is used to simulate the annual cycles of plankton and primary production in these four regions. The simulation is forced by monthly observational data. Water transparency, nutrient concentrations, temperature and incident irradiance influence the amount and variation of plankton and primary production. The model simulations indicate that transparency and nutrient concentration are the principal causes of the differences in primary production among the four regions of the Bohai Sea.     

汕头南澳-东山海域初级生产力的时空特征

根据2014年9月(秋季)、12月(冬季)、2015年4月(春季)、2016年7月(夏季)在南澳岛与东山岛之间的近海海域进行的生态环境调查,分析了该海域叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的时空变化特征。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度变化范围为0.37～14.9μg/L,平均值分别为:夏季(8.2μg/L)>秋季(4.9μg/L)>冬季(1.52μg/L)>春季(1.47μg/L)。表层初级生产力的波动范围为0.6～45 mg(C)/(m^3·h),平均值分别为:秋季20.3 mg(C)/(m^3·h)>夏季18.2 mg(C)/(m^3·h)>春季14.4 mg(C)/(m^3·h)>冬季5.6 mg(C)/(m^3·h)。水柱初级生产力变动范围为14.1～3066.6 mg(C)/(m^2·d),平均值分别为:秋季1034.2 mg(C)/(m^2·d)>夏季715.5 mg(C)/(m^2·d)>春季453.4 mg(C)/(m^2·d)>冬季133.8 mg(C)/(m^2·d)。除夏季外,整个调查海域的叶绿素a浓度空间变化规律基本为由西北向东南方向递减;夏季调查海域表层叶绿素a的浓度都较高,在南澳岛的南面出现一个叶绿素a的低值区。该海域初级生产力的空间分布规律性较差。叶绿素a和初级生产力与营养盐浓度在春季均呈显著正相关,但在其他季节相关性不强。氮营养盐在春季和秋季可能是南澳-东山海域浮游植物生长的潜在限制因子。为获得较好的渔业增养殖效益,应该根据初级生产力现状对该海域的养殖品种和规模进行合理规划。     

Observations from moorings in the Aleutian Passes: temperature,salinity and transport

Between May 2001 and September 2003, a series of moorings were deployed in four of the Aleutian Passes – Tanaga Pass (12 months of data), Akutan Pass and Seguam Pass (18 months), and Amukta Pass (36 months). Instruments on each mooring measured temperature, salinity and current velocity. Tidal currents dominated the flow in each pass, including a strong fortnightly component in the three deeper passes (Tanaga, Seguam, and Amukta). Net transport in each of the passes was northward, varying from 0.1 × 10⁶ m³ s^?1 in Akutan Pass and 0.4 × 10⁶ m³ s^?1 in Seguam to >4.0 × 10⁶ m³ s^?1 in Amukta Pass. The transport in Amukta Pass, calculated from current meters, was approximately five times as large as previously estimated from hydrographic surveys. At monthly and longer periods, the variability in transport in Amukta Pass was related to the position and strength of the Alaskan Stream southeast of the pass. Vertical mixing was examined in Akutan and Seguam Passes. Strong tidal currents mix the water column top‐to‐bottom over the shallow sills in the passes, a depth of 80 m in Akutan and 140 m in Seguam Pass, providing a critical source of nutrients to the Bering Sea ecosystem.     

大亚湾核电站运转前后邻近海域初级生产力及潜在渔获量初步研究

根据1992－1993年、1994－1995年和1998年的现场调查，对核电站邻近海域初级生产力及潜在渔业资源在核电站运转前和运转后的变化进行了初步研究，并讨论了各环境因素对初级生产力的影响。结果表明，核电站运转后，该海域的浮游植物总量、初级生产力及其年生产量均有显著增加，影响初级生产力的主要因子：核电站运转前是水温，运转后为透明度。     

渤、黄、东海海洋初级生产力的遥感估算

通过对多年的东海、黄海南部实测海洋初级生产力与环境数据的分析，采用非线性最小二乘法，得到海洋初级生产力的遥感估算模型。利用从2000年1月-12月的SeaWiFS数据反演得到的叶绿素a浓度、透明度、辐照度数据，以及同期的NOAA数据反演得到的海表水温数据，通过该模型，提取出我国海区的海洋初级生产力的时空分布信息。结果表明，在东海、黄海和渤海初级生产力季节变化明显，在东海，最大初级生产力的月份为5月，最小月份为2月。而在黄海和渤海，最大初级生产力的月份为8月，最小月份为2月。在大洋区，初级生产力的季节变化相对较小。与相关的文献资料比较该模型能较好地反映渤、黄、东海的海洋初级生产力的时空分布信息及其变化情况。由于我国海区大部分是二类水体，水光学、水文特性比较复杂，叶绿素浓度等遥感产品的精度有待进一步的提高，叶绿素浓度及其剖面分布估算不准，对整个模式的精度影响很大。同时由于所用的实测数据及其分布区域、时间的限制，以及没有同步数据，对该模型的结果还要经过进一步的检验。     

哈蟆通水库水位变化对浮游植物初级生产力及能量转化效率的影响

1991-1993年水位变化对哈蟆通水库浮游植物初级生产力及能量转化效率和多样性影响的研究结果表明：1）浮游植物现存量随水位下降而升高；2）浮游植物初级生产力与水位的变化有明显的相关性；3）能量转化效率随水位的下降而降低，天然饵料资源未得到充分利用；4）浮游植物多样性指数随水位降低而变小，呈明显的相关性（r=0.925)。     

祟明东滩团结沙鱼类群落多样性与生长特性

研究了长江口祟明东滩团结沙5~8月间的鱼类多样性和生长特性。初步调查表明,祟明东滩团结沙共有鱼类9目19种,以鲤形目最多,鲻形目次之。这些鱼类分为4个主要生态类型,包括河口性鱼类4种、近海鱼类3种、江海洄游型鱼类4种和淡水鱼类8种。鱼类群落多样性较低,以个体数为单位计算的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′为2.790,Simpson优势度指数λ为0.198,Pielou种类均匀度指数J′为0.657。主要优势鱼类为窄体舌鳎、刀鲚、长蛇鮈、鲻、鲫、中国花鲈和中华鲟等7种,个体都较小。这7种鱼中窄体舌鳎、刀鲚、长蛇鮈、鲻、鲫和中华鲟呈等速生长,而中国花鲈为异速生长,肥满度最大的是鲫,最小的是刀鲚。5~8月间每个月渔获物的种类与数量组成有一定差异。为了更好地保护长江口祟明东滩的鱼类资源,应加强长江口渔业生态环境的综合治理,加大增殖和保护鱼类资源的力度,充分发挥长江口中华鲟自然保护区的保护功能。     

Implications of interannual variability in euphausiid population biology for fish production along the south-west coast of Vancouver Island: a synthesis

This is a synthesis of published and unpublished research on euphausiid and fish populations using the south-west coast of Vancouver Island. Overall, the studies covered 1985–98, when there were two ENSO events and considerable variation in upwelling. The population biology of the dominant euphausiids ( Thysanoessa spinifera , Euphausia pacifica ) was monitored during 1991–98. The species abundance trends differed. Results of simple correlation analyses suggested that variations in temperature, salinity and upwelling do not explain variations in the abundance of larval or adult euphausiids, or in the abundance of portions of euphausiid populations on which fish feed. I found significant interannual variations in daily ration of the dominant planktivorous fish species, but euphausiids remained the most important prey. Pacific hake ( Merluccius productus ), the dominant planktivore, fed on larger (>17 mm) T. spinifera , even though the biomass of this part of the euphausiid biomass decreased by 75% between 1991 and 1997, but Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasi ) may have begun feeding on smaller E. pacifica . Therefore, any study of the relationship between fish production and krill biology must consider that part of the euphausiid biomass exploited by fish. In addition, some fish species and/or life history stages appeared to adapt to changes in euphausiid availability, while others did not. Such variation in adaptations also has to be described and considered to understand how changes in euphausiid biology affect fish productivity.     

轮虫培育池不同粒级藻类对浮游植物生物量和生产量的贡献

研究了流水轮虫培育池(14^#)、静水轮虫培育池(15^#)和轮虫饵料培养池(11^#)中不同粒级浮游植物，特别是超微藻类对浮游植物叶绿素和初级生产力的贡献。结果表明，在14^#池中，超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的3．7％、82．9％和13．4％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的13．6％、66．0％和20．4％。在11^#池中，超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的4．5％、16．1％和79．4％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的9．0％、78．9％和12．1％。在15^#池超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的4．7％、22．3％和73．0％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的12．4％、60．8％和27．8％。水体中的初级生产力主要是由微型藻类提供，占总量的60．8％～78．9％，在轮虫培育池生态系统中微型藻类是主要生产者。     

渤海近岸叶绿素和初级生产力研究

1998年 5、8和 10月分别对渤海近岸水域进行了综合调查 ,调查的内容包括海洋生物资源、浮游生物、叶绿素以及水文化学要素。作者在对 3个航次调查中叶绿素资料分析、整理的基础上报道了渤海近岸水域表层叶绿素 a和初级生产力的分布特征及季节变化。渤海近岸水域表层叶绿素 a的含量为 0 .5 4～ 16 .78mg/ m3 ,平均值为 2 .88mg/ m3 ,且季节变化明显。 5、 8和 10月 3个航次叶绿素的含量依次降低 ,其平均值分别为 3.4 7mg/ m3 (1.30～ 16 .78mg/ m3 ) ,3.0 1mg/ m3 (0 .5 8～ 15 .36mg/ m3 )和 2 .15 mg/ m3 (0 .5 4～ 14 .0 9mg/ m3 )。初级生产力采用叶绿素法测定。计算结果显示 ,渤海近岸水域初级生产力的平均值具有明显的季节变化 ,夏季 (8月 )初级生产力最高 ,平均为 4 2 0mg C/ m2 · d (32～ 180 9mg C/ m2 · d) ,春季 (5月 )次之 ,平均值为 319mg C/ m2 · d(6 8～ 12 6 7mg C/ m2 · d) ,再次为秋季 (10月 ) ,平均值只有 189mg C/ m2 · d(17～ 10 5 1mg C/ m2 · d)。整个调查水域 3个航次初级生产力的平均值为 32 7mg C/ m2·d(17～ 180 9mg C/ m2·d)。