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1.
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’-related strain associated with tomato yellows disease in China
J. H. Dong L. Zhang W. H. Li J. H. McBeath Z. K. Zhang 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(5):366-369
A new disease of tomato plants with typical phytoplasma disease symptoms such as stunting, yellows, auxiliary shoot proliferation and phyllody was observed in Yunnan Province, southwest China in 2011. By a nested-PCR, phytoplasma were detected using the phytoplasma universal primers specific for 16S rDNA. The results of the 16S rDNA sequencing, computer-simulated RFLP patterns and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the phytoplasma associated with the diseased tomato plants belongs to subgroup A of the peanut witches’-broom group. This is the first report of a 16SrII-A phytoplasma associated with a new tomato disease in China. This new disease was named tomato yellows. 相似文献
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Pavšič Jernej Mehle Nataša Nikolić Petra Dermastia Marina 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):801-809
A European quarantine organism ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ causing devastating pear decline disease has been reported to affect pear trees in several European countries. In this study a multilocus sequence analysis was successfully used to gain detailed insight into the molecular diversity of thirty closely related ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ isolates from different orchards in Slovenia. Among three genomic regions analyzed, the 16S/23S rRNA intergenic spacer region was the most conserved among Slovenian isolates with 99.7 % sequence identity, yielding only three distinct genotypes. On the other hand, five different genotypes were detected when analyzing secY and aceF genomic regions that shared sequence identity of 94.8 and 97.2 %, respectively. Six of the detected genotypes, specifically four in the secY region and one in each of the two other analyzed genomic regions, were unique for Slovenia. At least eight different haplotypes were found with multilocus sequence analysis, indicating high molecular diversity among Slovenian ‘Ca. P. pyri’ isolates. Haplotypes were clustered into two major clusters, separated by at least 45 mutations. No connection was established between haplotype occurrence and cultivar type. 相似文献
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Lia W. Liefting Anna C. Padovan Karen S. Gibb Ross E. Beever Mark T. Andersen Richard D. Newcomb David L. Beck Richard L.S. Forster 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):619-623
Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes and the 16S/23S spacer regions of the phytoplasmas associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases revealed minimal nucleotide differences between them resulting in the formation of a monophyletic group. Therefore, along with Australian grapevine yellows, the phytoplasmas associated with Phormium yellow leaf and papaya dieback should also be considered as Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense. 相似文献
4.
Zhan-Cui Yu Yang Cao Qun Zhang De-Fa Deng Zhen-Yu Liu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(4):298-300
Chinese scholar tree (Sophora japonica) with witches’ broom symptoms was observed in Shandong Province in China. Phytoplasmas were detected in the diseased plants using 16S rDNA amplification with phytoplasma-specific universal primer pairs. On the basis of the results of 16S rDNA sequencing, virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and phylogenetic analyses, the phytoplasma found in S. japonica with witches’ broom symptoms was confirmed as a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi’-related strain belonging to the Elm yellows group 16SrV. This is the first report of ‘Ca. P. ziziphi’ infecting S. japonica plant with witches’ broom symptoms. 相似文献
5.
Mahnaz Rashidi Youbert Ghosta Masoud Bahar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(2):157-159
Russian olive trees (Elaeagnus angustifolia) showing witches’ broom symptoms typical of phytoplasma infection were observed in the Urmia region of Iran. A phytoplasma
named Russian olive witches’ broom phytoplasma (ROWBp-U) was detected from all symptomatic samples by amplification of the
16S rRNA gene and 16S/23S rDNA spacer region using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which gave a product of expected length.
DNA from symptomless plants used as a negative control yielded no product. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S/23S rDNA
spacer region of ROWBp-U showed 99% similarity with the homologous genes of members of the aster yellows group. We also detected
a phytoplasma in neighboring alfalfa plants (AlWBp-U) showing severe witches’ broom symptoms. An 1107 bp PCR product from
the 16S rRNA gene showed 99% homology with the corresponding product in ROWBp-U, suggesting the presence of the same phytoplasma
actively vectored in the area. Further observations showed that Russian olive trees with typical ROWB symptoms were present
in an orchard near Tehran which is located over 530 km south-east of the original Urmia site. The corresponding sequence of
this phytoplasma (ROWBp-T) showed 99% homology to that of the ROWBp-U. A sequence homology study based on the 16S rRNA gene
and 16S/23S rDNA spacer region of ROWBp-U and other phytoplasmas showed that ROWBp-U is most closely related to the 16SrI
group. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a phytoplasma infection in a member of the Elaeagnaceae. 相似文献
6.
Molecular detection and identification of phytoplasma associated with pepper witches’ broom in China
Pepper witches’ broom (PWB) disease was observed in a field in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. The result of mechanical inoculation test for this disease was negative. Phytoplasma-like bodies were observed in ultrathin sections of petiole tissues of symptomatic samples. 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene of phytoplasma were amplified from the total DNA of symptomatic samples. Phylogeny analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene suggested that the pepper witches’ broom associated phytoplasma belongs to the subgroup 16SrI-B, which was confirmed by the RFLP analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The phytoplasma subgroup 16SrI-B was also detected in the vector Cicadella viridis trapped from the infected field. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrI-B phytoplasma causing pepper witches’ broom in China. 相似文献
7.
Radiana Cozza Liliana Bernardo Alberto Calari Graziella Silvestro Bojan Duduk Assunta Bertaccini 《Phytoparasitica》2008,36(3):290-293
Numerous plants ofSilene nicaeensis having symptoms resembling those associated with the presence of phytoplasmas were observed in an extensive coastal area
in the south of Italy. Microscopic observation showed histological abnormalities in the organization of tissues in symptomatic
plants, and molecular tests, including PCR/RFLP analyses and nucleic acid sequencing, revealed the presence of phytoplasmas
belonging to the aster yellows group (‘Candidatus phytoplasma asteris’). This is the first report of phytoplasma infection inS. nicaeensis, a wild species that colonizes the Calabrian coast.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting June 12, 2008 相似文献
8.
Yusuke Takinami Kensaku Maejima Atsushi Takahashi Takuya Keima Takuya Shiraishi Yukari Okano Ken Komatsu Kenro Oshima Shigetou Namba 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(3):209-213
Phytoplasma-induced floral malformations such as virescence, phyllody, and proliferation were observed on hydrangeas in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, secY, groEL, and amp gene sequences indicated that the affected hydrangea plants were associated with phytoplasmas belonging to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’, but not to ‘Ca. P. japonicum’, which occurs in hydrangeas showing phyllody in Japan. This is the first molecular evidence of an association of ‘Ca. P. asteris’ with hydrangea plants in Japan. 相似文献
9.
Daniela Flôres Isolda Cristina Haas Maria Cristina Canale Ivan Paulo Bedendo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,135(2):237-242
Since its arrival in the British Isles in 1845 Phytophthora infestans has remained the most destructive pathogen of potato. In the ensuing period, the British and Irish P. infestans populations have undergone major displacements following the immigration of novel strains. Here we report the re-emergence of the Ib mitochondrial DNA haplotype in the British and Irish P. infestans populations associated with the 6_A1 genotype. Historically associated with the previously panglobally distributed clonal lineage US-1, the Ib haplotype has not been detected (with the exception of a single isolate in the mid 1990s) in the British or Irish P. infestans populations since the early 1980s. The 6_A1 isolates analysed possessed mtDNA Ib, but were otherwise quite unlike US-1, having the Pep allozyme genotype 96/96 and novel RG57 and SSR fingerprints. These genetic characteristics strongly suggest that the appearance of the 6_A1 genotype in these populations has resulted from migration (possibly after a recombination event elsewhere). This study highlights the advantages of utilising a range of different markers in pathogen monitoring. 相似文献
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A. Aryan G. Brader J. Mörtel M. Pastar M. Riedle-Bauer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,140(2):213-227
Bois noir (BN) associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (Stolbur) is regularly found in Austrian vine growing regions. Investigations between 2003 and 2008 indicated sporadic presence of the confirmed disease vector Hyalesthes obsoletus and frequent infections of bindweed and grapevine. Infections of nettles were rare. In contrast present investigations revealed a mass occurrence of H. obsoletus almost exclusively on stinging nettle. The high population densities of H. obsoletus on Urtica dioica were accompanied by frequent occurrence of ‘Ca. P. solani’ in nettles and planthoppers. Sequence analysis of the molecular markers secY, stamp, tuf and vmp1 of stolbur revealed a single genotype named CPsM4_At1 in stinging nettles and more than 64 and 90 % abundance in grapevine and H. obsoletus, respectively. Interestingly, this genotype showed tuf b type restriction pattern previously attributed to bindweed associated ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains, but a different sequence assigned as tuf b2 compared to reference tuf b strains. All other marker genes of CPsM4_At1 clustered with tuf a and nettle derived genotypes verifying distinct nettle phytoplasma genotypes. Transmission experiments with H. obsoletus and Anaceratagallia ribauti resulted in successful transmission of five different strains including the major genotype to Catharanthus roseus and in transmission of the major genotype to U. dioica. Altogether, five nettle and nine bindweed associated genotypes were described. Bindweed types were verified in 34 % of grapevine samples, in few positive Reptalus panzeri, rarely in bindweeds and occasionally in Catharanthus roseus infected by H. obsoletus or A. ribauti. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma convolvuli‘(bindweed yellows) was ascertained in nettle and bindweed samples. 相似文献
12.
Behçet Kemal Çağlar Toufic Elbeaino 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(1):113-117
California privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk.) plants exhibiting leaf yellowing, witches’ broom, dieback and decline symptoms were observed for two years (2010–2011) in three gardens at Adana region (Turkey). DNA isolated from symptomatic and healthy plants was used to amplify 16S rDNA fragments by direct and nested-PCR. Phytoplasmas were detected in 21 symptomatic plants, out of 30 samples collected, whilst no PCR amplifications were obtained from asymptomatic plants. BLAST analysis of the 16S rDNA showed that the phytoplasma found in L. ovalifolium from Turkey, denoted as Turkish Ligustrum witches’ broom phytoplasma (TuLiWB), most closely resembled members of group 16SrII (peanut witches’ broom group) and shared up to 92 % sequence identity. Based on in silico 16S rDNA RFLP analysis and automated calculation of the pattern similarity coefficient, TuLiWB showed molecular characteristics different from all previously described phytoplasma species to represent a new taxon. Similar indication also emerged from the phylogenetic tree which allocated it in a novel discrete subclade within the phytoplasma clade. This is the first report on the presence of a phytoplasma affecting L. ovalifolium and whether this novel phytoplasma is the same agent reported as a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) and associated with witches’ broom disease of Ligustrum in Korea (1989) is yet to be determined. 相似文献
13.
Nang Kyu Kyu Win Chang-Gi Back Young-Hwan Kim Hee-Young Jung 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(1):73-76
In March 2011, witches’ brooms comprising many small shoots were observed on desert rose plants, Adenium obesum, in PyinOoLwin, Myanmar. The causal agent of the symptomatic leaves was diagnosed as a phytoplasma by polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) analysis. Sequence analysis of the PCR product (1.8 kbp) showed the closest phylogenic relationships with members of
the peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma group. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses revealed the phytoplasma is a member of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’. This is the first report of desert rose plant as a new host for ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’. 相似文献
14.
Jana Fránová Hana Ludvíková František Paprštein Assunta Bertaccini 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(4):675-688
In several European countries apple trees are affected by apple proliferation disease, which is usually associated with the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’. During 2010, samples from several apple trees displaying proliferation symptoms were collected throughout the Czech Republic to verify identity of phytoplasmas detected in association with the disease. The majority of the 74 apple trees examined using molecular tools were positive for ‘Ca. P. mali’ presence. The 16S–23S ribosomal genes, the ribosomal protein genes and the nitroreductase and rhodonase like genes were then studied to verify phytoplasma strain variability on multigenic bases. Two RFLP profiles and correspondingly two genetic lineages were found in the PCR-amplified fragments covering the 16S–23S rDNA spacer region. ‘Ca. P. mali’ strains belonging to rpX-A subgroup were identified in the majority of the apple tree sampled, whereas phytoplasmas belonging to the rpX-B subgroup were distributed sporadically. The apple proliferation subtypes AP-15 and AT-2 exhibited nearly equal occurrence; the AT-1 subtype and a mixture of the two or all three of the AP subtypes were infrequently found. The PCR/RFLP results were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analyses of selected ‘Ca. P. mali’ strains. 相似文献
15.
Salvadora persica trees with symptoms of witches’-broom, little leaf and severe leaf curling were observed in the Biodiversity Park, North Delhi (India) during February 2010. Using a nested-PCR assay targeting two phytoplasma specific loci (16S ribosomal RNA and the ribosomal protein gene) and sequence analysis of the amplified products, we identified the associated phytopathogen as a phytoplasma of group 16SrI. RFLP-mediated characterization revealed that the phytoplasma belongs to subgroup 16SrI-B. Phylogenetic reconstruction also grouped the phytoplasma within group 16SrI. The study reports a new host of phytoplasma in India and worldwide. 相似文献
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Sanja Baric Jennifer Berger Christian Cainelli Christine Kerschbamer Thomas Letschka Josef Dalla Via 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(3):455-467
Apple proliferation (AP), caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, is an economically important disease affecting many apple-growing areas in Europe. A new TaqMan real-time
PCR assay was established for absolute quantification of ‘Ca. P. mali’ by using a single-copy gene of the host plant as a reference, which is amplified with the pathogen DNA in a single-tube
reaction. Normalised estimates of phytoplasma concentration are ultimately expressed as the number of phytoplasma cells per
host plant cell. The assay was used to monitor the ‘Ca. P. mali’ titre over the course of two growing seasons in roots and branches of symptomatic and asymptomatic but AP-positive
apple trees. All 252 root samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic trees tested positive, with an average number of 59.8 ± 5.68
(standard error) and 55.1 ± 9.83 ‘Ca. P. mali’ per host cell, respectively. From the 378 shoot samples analysed, 81% of the symptomatic and only 20% of the asymptomatic
samples were AP-positive with an average number of 9.4 ± 1.04 and 0.7 ± 0.13 ‘Ca. P. mali’ per host cell, respectively. This strengthens evidence that not the pathogen occurrence alone but the presence of
a certain quantity of ‘Ca. P. mali’ in the aerial tree sections is involved in symptom expression. In addition, pronounced seasonality of the phytoplasma
concentration was found, not only in branches, but also for the first time in roots of symptomatic and asymptomatic apple
trees. Highest phytoplasma levels in roots were detected from December to May. 相似文献
20.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In the central and south eastern provinces of Iran, alfalfa plants showing phytoplasma diseases-like symptoms categorized into three major types, namely... 相似文献