谷子白发病卵孢子重寄生真菌的分离鉴定

为了筛选出对谷子白发病卵孢子具有抑制作用的重寄生生防真菌,为谷子白发病生物防治提供一定的理论依据,研究利用诱捕法分离卵孢子表面的重寄生真菌,通过形态学对其进行初步鉴定,再对筛选出的具有潜在生防潜力的重寄生木霉菌进行分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,共分离到81株重寄生真菌;通过初步的形态学鉴定,将菌株分为4个属,分别是镰孢菌属(Fusarium)36株、青霉属(Penicillium)8株、木霉属(Trichoderma)27株、链格孢属(Alternaria)10株;结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定,从中筛选出对谷子白发病卵孢子具有潜在生防效果的重寄生真菌是木霉菌株哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)。     

Amoebic meningoencephalitis: axenic culture of naegleria

A medium consisting of 2 percent Bacto-Casitone (Difco) and 10 percent fresh horse serum in distilled water ensures axenic growth of two pathogenic isolates of Naegleria species.     

室内饲养草间钻头蛛的生物学特性

[目的]研究室内饲养草间钻头蛛的主要生物学特性,探讨草间钻头蛛在室内饲养的可行性。[方法]在室内饲养条件下,观察不同温度下草间钻头蛛F1代的发育历期,2龄蜘蛛耐饥、耐旱能力,喂食不同食物的亚成蛛的捕食量和体重增长,F1代产卵数量、孵化率等指标。[结果]草间钻头蛛的发育历期随温度增加而缩短;2龄草间钻头蛛的饥饿历期平均为(8.94±2.79)d,耐旱历期平均为(1.30±0.57)d,耐饥、耐旱能力较亚成蛛、成蛛弱;喂食不同食物的的捕食量在2头左右,体重增长不同,饲喂果蝇和棉铃虫的亚成蛛较饲喂人工饲料增长快;草间钻头蛛F1代平均产卵4.85次,第1次产卵间隔平均为(6.62±1.56)d,以后产卵间隔缩短;F1代室内饲养孵化率为96.9%,较室外蜘蛛的自然孵化率高。[结论]室内饲养草间钻头蛛有一定的可行性。     

Nitrogen mustard: diminution of toxicity in axenic mice

Axenic, or germ-free, mice are more resistant to the delayed lethal effect of nitrogen mustard than normal mice. The resistance is most striking when mustard is administered at pH 2.0. The finding supports the hypothesis that intestinal bacteria play an important role in the systemic toxicity of nitrogen mustard.     

谷子白发病菌卵孢子重寄生真菌的分离与鉴定

为了从谷子白发病菌卵孢子上分离筛选出对谷子白发病具有生防潜力的重寄生真菌,通过石英砂振荡去除卵孢子表面附着物,利用孢悬液稀释点样和尖端菌丝分离法对重寄生真菌进行分离纯化,采用形态学与真菌r DNA-ITS序列分析对分离出的重寄生真菌进行鉴定。结果表明,谷子白发病菌卵孢子上重寄生r有层出镰孢菌(Fusarium proliferatum)、拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides)和半裸镰孢菌(Fusarium incarnatum)3种镰孢属真菌。     

Evaluation of Chinese rice varieties resistant to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, which is distributed worldwide, is considered a major constraint on rice production in Asia. The present study used the root gall index and number of nematodes inside the roots to evaluate resistance/susceptibility to M. graminicola in different subpopulations of Oryza sativa(aus, hybrid aus, indica, hybrid indica, temperate japonica, tropical japonica). Nematode development in highly resistant varieties was also evaluated. Analyses of randomly selected 35 varieties showed the number of M. graminicola nematodes inside the roots correlated very strongly(r=0.87, P≤0.05) with the nematode gall index, and the results from pot and field experiments revealed similar rankings of the varieties for resistance/susceptibility. Among the 136 tested varieties, temperate japonica displayed the highest gall index, followed by tropical japonica, indica, hybrid indica, aus, and hybrid aus. Zhonghua 11(aus), Shenliangyou 1(hybrid aus) and Cliangyou 4418(hybrid indica) were highly resistant to M. graminicola under both pot and field conditions. Further examination of nematode development suggested that compared to susceptible rice, M. graminicola penetrated less often into highly resistant varieties and more frequently failed to develop into females. The promising varieties found in the present research might be useful for the breeding of hybrid rice in China and for the further development of practical nematode management measures.     

禾谷炭疽菌腺苷酸环化酶的生物信息学分析

为了给禾谷炭疽菌新靶标药物的研究开发提供参考,以酿酒酵母的典型腺苷酸环化酶（AC）序列为基础,利用炭疽菌属蛋白数据库在线对其进行 Blastp 比对及关键词搜索,通过 SMART 对该菌典型AC 蛋白的保守结构域、理化性质、细胞信号肽、跨膜区结构以及二级结构等生物信息学进行分析,同时比较禾谷炭疽菌中典型 AC 氨基酸序列与其他物种同源序列的遗传关系。结果表明：禾谷炭疽菌中存在一个与酿酒酵母 Srv2同源的序列,命名为 CgCap1腺苷酸环化酶蛋白,该酶蛋白包含有530个氨基酸,基因序列长1906 bp 具有保守 CARP 结构域,等电点蛋白在5～6范围,属亲水性、不稳定蛋白,不含信号肽序列,定位于质膜上,二级结构中的β折叠所占比例较低,与同属于炭疽菌属真菌胶孢炭疽菌、西瓜炭疽菌的亲缘关系较近。     

Tunisian Population of the Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola is Still Fully Sensitive to Strobilurin Fungicides

Mycosphaerella graminieola （anamorph： Zymoseptoria tritici） is the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch, the most frequently occurring disease on wheat crops worldwide. A set of 163 monoconidial isolates of this fungus were sampled in 2012 from five geographical locations of Tunisia （Bizerte, B6ja, Kef, Jendouba and Siliana） in order to examine the status of strobilurin resistance of M. graminicola in this country. The resistance was assessed by using PCR-based mismatch mutation assay that determined the cytochrome b substitution G143A responsible for strobilurin resistance. All isolates were found sensitive since they possessed the wild-type allele G143 conferring sensitivity. This study confirms previous reports on the fungus in Tunisia and reveals that the Tunisian population of M. graminicola remains fully sensitive to strobilurin fungicides. An appropriate management of strobilurin applications in Tunisia is thereby recommended to prevent local development and widespread of resistance, as in Europe, where pathogen populations are fully resistant to strobilurins today.     

植物组织培养中降低培养基成本的研究

在马铃薯、菊花和满天星的发根阶段研究了用自来水代替蒸馏水、白糖代替蔗糖的可行性．结果表明：马铃薯、菊花和满天星培养苗的生长在蔗糖与白糖、蒸馏水与自来水的处理间无显著性差异，因此规模化生产上配制培养基时用白糖取代蔗糖，自来水取代蒸馏水完全可行．     

水稻花药培养中培养力相关因素的研究

对具有籼型、粳型和爪哇型血缘的杂交后代低代共21份不同材料进行花药培养。结果如下：共接种39700枚左右花药,全部材料均诱导出愈伤组织和分化绿苗。不同血缘来源的杂交后代花药培养力存在差异,总体趋势为籼粳交、籼爪交的出愈率大致相同,均显著高于籼籼交。绿苗分化率高低为籼籼交＞籼粳交＞籼爪交,但三者之间差异不显著。绿苗产率依次为籼粳交＞籼爪交＞籼籼交。与花药培养力有关的性状中,出愈率、绿苗分化率之间不相关。绿苗产率与绿苗分化率呈显著正相关。白苗分化率分别与出愈率、绿苗分化率之间不相关。从籼粳交后代中选择到了1份具有较高频率的出愈率,绿苗分化频率高达97％以上,白化苗频率仅有2．19％的株系,是1份很有价值的遗传工程材料。     

大学的文化使命与大学文化建设

文化是大学的本质,大学文化建设是大学实现其文化使命的重要途径.高校要充分发挥大学文化的教育功能,培养创新型高素质人才和文化传承人、建设者;加强大学文化研究,促进文化的融合与创新;凸显大学文化的理性批判,引领社会文化前进;构建和谐大学文化系统,发挥示范和引导作用.