全国人大常委农村工作委员会副主任、农业部原副部长 路明教授在全国麻业峰会上的致词

各位来宾、各位专家:上午好!我代表中国作物学会向全国麻业峰会致以衷心的祝贺!我国是世界上植麻最早和麻类资源最丰富的国家之一。早在6000多年前的新石器时代已开始麻类种植,在陕西西安半坡和华县泉护村出土的陶器上都有麻布的印迹。我国古代种植的麻类有大麻、苎麻和苘麻。国际上称中国大麻为“汉麻”,苎麻为“中国草”;以后又陆续引进黄麻和亚麻等。麻是世界上生长最快、对生长环境要求最低的经济作物之一。发展麻业要分类指导,发挥优势生态区的作用。我国主要麻类有亚麻、黄麻、红麻、苎麻、大麻、青麻和龙舌兰等。大麻主要分布于我国…     

我国古代麻类作物的种植历史和栽培技术

我国古代种植的麻类作物主要是大麻和苎麻，而苘麻、黄麻和亚麻则是很次要的。大麻、苎麻和苘麻是我国原产。苎麻至今还被很多国家称为“中国草”或“南京麻”，反映了这些国家的苎麻是直接或间接从我国传去的。     

全国麻类生产调查报告

中国农业科学院麻类研究所采取实地调查和问卷调查的方式，对我国18个产麻省(市、区)100多个县的麻类作物分布情况、种植面积、产量、种麻经济效益及麻类纤维的收获加工等情况进行了较详细的调查。调查表明，我国麻类作物分布很广，南起海南省的三亚、北到黑龙江的大兴安岭、西到新疆伊犁、东到浙江一带均有种植。我国种植的主要麻类作物有苎麻、亚麻、红麻、剑麻、大麻，另外还有野生大麻和罗布麻等。主要麻类作物种植品种70多个，常年种植面积33万多hm^2，纤维总产量50多万吨。加上油用亚麻、野生罗布麻、野生大麻等，我国麻类作物的总面积约166万hm^2，是我国宝贵的天然纤维资源。     

我国古代麻类作物的种植历史和栽培技术

一、麻类作物的分布发展和利用我国古代种植的麻类作物主要是大麻和苎麻,而苘麻、黄麻和亚麻则是很次要的。大麻、苎麻和茼麻是我国原产。苎麻至今还被很多国家称为“中国草”或“南京麻”,反映了这些国家的苎麻是直接或间接从我国传去的。我国利用和种植麻类作物的历史很早。在很多新石器时代的遗址中,就有当时纺织和缝纫用的大金石或陶制的纺轮、纺锤以及梭和骨针等。     

欢迎订阅2009年《中国麻业科学》杂志

《中国麻业科学》系中国农业科学院麻类研究所主办的麻类作物、麻类纺织科技专业期刊。主要报道苎麻、红麻、亚麻、大麻、剑麻等麻类作物、麻类纺     

欢迎订阅2009年《中国麻业科学》杂志

《中国麻业科学》系中国农业科学院麻类研究所主办的麻类作物、麻类纺织科技专业期刊。主要报道苎麻、红麻、亚麻、大麻、剑麻等麻类作物、麻类纺     

我国麻类生产现状和发展对策

麻类作物是极具特色的经济作物。包括苎麻、红麻、亚麻、大麻、黄麻、剑麻,是我国继粮、棉、油、菜之后的第五大作物群。在我国农村产业结构调整中,占有极为重要的地位。１　国内外麻类生产与科研概况１．１　国内生产、科研概况１．１．１　国内生产概况作为经济作物种植的主要麻类作物有苎麻、亚麻、红麻、黄麻、剑麻、大麻。其中苎麻、亚麻为纺织工业的精纺纤维,红麻、黄麻、剑麻、大麻为粗纺纤维。前者主要用于纺织中高档衣服面料,后者用于包装和水土保持等行业的原料。近年来开发出的红麻造纸,则为红麻综合开发利用提供了新的途径…     

世界麻类原料生产与贸易概况

本文采集联合国粮农组织和中国海关统计数据，综述了十年来世界苎麻、亚麻、黄红麻、大麻和剑麻等麻类作物的生产、贸易概况，介绍了国际麻类生产和贸易动态。并对所收集的数据进行了初步统计分析，对我国麻类生产规模、种类结构的适时调整，对促进我国麻类产业健康有序发展有一定的参考价值。     

我国麻类生产的现状与政策建议

本文简要介绍了我国麻类生产的现状:包括苎麻、红麻、黄麻、亚麻、大麻、剑麻的种植和加工;育成品种数量和育种技术;种质资源;麻类作物的多种用途.提出了目前麻类产业面临的主要问题:种麻效益下降;生产技术滞后;品种质量有待提高.着重提出了麻类生产的建议:树立大纤维观念,扩大纺织原料种类;南麻北棉,以麻代棉;苎麻向山坡地、黄/红麻向盐碱地、亚麻向南方冬闲地拓展;加快麻类科技平台建设,加速成果转化进程.     

全国麻类生产调查报告

中国农业科学院麻类研究所采取实地调查和问卷调查的方式,对我国18个产麻省(市、区)100多个县的麻类作物分布情况、种植面积、产量、种麻经济效益及麻类纤维的收获加工等情况进行了较详细的调查.调查表明,我国麻类作物分布很广,南起海南省的三亚、北到黑龙江的大兴安岭、西到新疆伊犁、东到浙江一带均有种植.我国种植的主要麻类作物有苎麻、亚麻、红麻、剑麻、大麻,另外还有野生大麻和罗布麻等.主要麻类作物种植品种70多个,常年种植面积33万多hm2,纤维总产量50多万吨.加上油用亚麻、野生罗布麻、野生大麻等,我国麻类作物的总面积约166万hm2,是我国宝贵的天然纤维资源. 调查结果表明,入世后我国农民种麻收入比较稳定,以每公顷纯收入计,剑麻、红麻、大麻、苎麻、亚麻分别为8175元、6720元、6000元、4530元、2355元,已成为某些省(市)农民收入的主要来源之一.通过近几年的结构调整,我国麻纺工业趋于稳定,目前苎麻长纺锭为25万锭,短纺35万锭,气流纺1200头,织机7636台,年消耗苎麻原料18-20万吨.亚麻(含大麻)纺织加工能力为35万锭,亚麻织机近1500台,约占世界加工总量的16%左右,年消耗打成麻8-10万吨.红麻纤维的主要用途由生产传统麻袋和麻绳向开发红麻造纸和服装面料方面转变,发展前景方阔.1998-2002年5年间,我国麻产品每年平均出口金额达5.19亿美元,是建国初期我国麻产品出口额的18倍.随着麻纺行业的进一步发展壮大,,只要加强农、工、科、贸的联合,强化麻类作物种子管理,解决麻类生产规模化发展的剥削加工技术问题,我国的麻类生产必将得以长期稳定的发展,成为农业增产、农村增效和农民增收的重要途径.     

中国农业科学院副院长雷茂良在全国麻业峰会上的讲话

各位领导、各位专家： 今天，我们欢聚在一起，共同召开这次全国麻业峰会。由我院麻类研究所承办的这次麻业峰会是麻类行业科研、生产、销售各领域的一次同求辉煌，共创佳绩的会议。在此，我代表中国农业科学院对各位代表的到来表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢!     

Characterization of starches of proso,foxtail, barnyard,kodo, and little millets

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ^° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets.     

Effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures in south-western Victoria, Australia

Effects of timing and rate of N fertilizer application on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in herbage from perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures were studied at two sites in south-western Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 25, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha^–1) was applied as urea in mid-April, early May, mid-May, early June and mid-June 1996 to pastures grazed by dairy cows. At Site 1, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, K, S, Mg and Cl concentrations in herbage and a linear decrease in Ca concentration. For all times of application, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in herbage increased by 0·0048, 0·08, −0·010, 0·0013 and 0·053 g kg^–1 dry matter (DM) per kg N applied respectively. For S concentration, maximum responses occurred in mid-May (0·012 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied). At Site 2, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, S and Na concentrations in herbage, a linear decrease in Ca concentration and a curvilinear increase in K and Cl concentration. The maximum responses for P, S and K concentrations in herbage occurred for the N application in mid-June and were 0·015, 0·008 and 0·47 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied respectively. For Cl concentration, the maximum response occurred for the N application in early June and was 0·225 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied. Overall, applications of N fertilizer up to 60 kg ha^–1 did not alter herbage mineral concentration to levels that might affect pasture growth or animal health.     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.