Echinacoside promotes bone regeneration by increasing OPG/RANKL ratio in MC3T3-E1 cells

Echinacoside (ECH), isolated from Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight stems, was subjected to in vitro experiments to investigate its bioactivities on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. MTT assay, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were determined, and the secretion of collagen I (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were also assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that ECH caused a significant increase in cell proliferation, ALP activity, COL I contents, OCN levels and an enhancement of mineralization in osteoblasts at the concentration range from 0.01 to 10 nmol·L^− 1 (p < 0.05), suggesting that ECH has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation or has potential activity against osteoporosis. In addition, the ratio of OPG/RANKL also could be enhanced by ECH. These findings provide the potent evidence that ECH can promote bone regeneration in cultured osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, which might be done by elevating the OPG/RANKL ratio, and potential evidence for echinacoside to be a promising drug or a lead compound in the development of disease-modifying drug to prevent osteoporosis.     

Protective effect of albiflorin against oxidative-stress-mediated toxicity in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells

Albiflorin isolated from Paeoniae Radix was investigated for its ability to protect against antimycin A-induced osteoblast toxicity in the MC3T3-E1 cell line. MC3T3-E1 cells showed significantly reduced viability, increased apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase release, elevated ROS/RNS levels, and decreased mitochondrial function after exposure to antimycin A. Pretreatment with albiflorin reversed the loss of cell viability in antimycin A-treated cultures. Similarly, pretreatment with albiflorin before antimycin A resulted in decreased apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase release, decreased ROS/RNS levels, and increased mitochondrial function compared to antimycin A-treated cultures. In addition, albiflorin increased the mineralization reduced by antimycin A. Albiflorin reduced antimycin A-induced mitochondrial cytochrome c loss and cardiolipin peroxidation, conferring protection against ROS. These results confirmed the crucial role of cytochrome c and cardiolipin in the underlying mechanistic action of albiflorin. Therefore, the results suggest that albiflorin enhances mitochondrial function to suppress antimycin A-induced oxidative damage via the preservation of cytochrome c and cardiolipin. All of these data indicate that albiflorin may reduce or prevent osteoblast degeneration in osteoporosis.     

Extract of Magnoliae Flos inhibits ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by blocking osteoclastogenesis and reducing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Osteoporosis occurs when osteoclast activity surpasses osteoblast activity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate osteoclast differentiation and activity by increasing production of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In this study, we investigated whether Magnoliae Flos (MF), one of the most commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs for managing rhinitis, sinusitis and headache, could effectively inhibit osteoporosis. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice compared to sham mice, the body weight increased and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b, calcium, and osteocalcin were significantly elevated. However, orally administrated MF extract substantially inhibited the increased body weight and serum levels of bone turnover markers, without any evidence of tissue toxicity. MF extract treatment significantly reversed the morphometric parameters of ovariectomy-induced bone loss, including trabecular bone volume, thickness, number, separation, and bone density, to almost the same levels of the sham mice. Furthermore, MF extract reduced the RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by inhibiting the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K in mouse bone marrow macrophages. MF extract appeared to increase ALP activity in murine osteoblastic cells. Taken together, MF extract may be a beneficial supplement for the blockade of osteoporosis progression, particularly for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

In vitro suppression of quercetin on hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured by high glucose

Quercetin's protective effects on the glomerulosclerosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rat mesangial cells were investigated. The cell cycles, type IV collagen and laminin, TGF-β₁ mRNA, Smad 2/3 and Smad 7, and activities of cell antioxidases were measured. Compared with the high glucose group, quercetin may decrease the cell percentages of G₀/G₁ phase, Smad 2/3 expression, laminin and type IV collagen, and TGF-β₁ mRNA level significantly. The antioxidant capacity, the cell percentages of S phase and Smad 7 expression was significantly increased by quercetin. These results suggest that quercetin is a protective agent against glomerulosclerosis in DN.     

The 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative from Pyrola rotundifolia activates AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes

An aqueous ethanol extract of Pyrola rotundifolia L. induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation a 2-methyl-7-hydroxymethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, or a 7′-hydroxy-chimaphilin, which showed concentration-dependent AMPK phosphorylation activity at 2.5–20 μg/ml. At a concentration of 10 μg/ml (50 μM), an approximately four-fold increase in the AMPKα(Thr¹⁷²) phosphorylation level was observed. The stimulatory effect of naphthoquinone on AMPK activity was comparable to that of known compounds found in natural sources that activate the AMPK signaling pathway.     

3-对■烯-1-磺酰胺类化合物的合成及其除草活性

以松节油为原料合成了3-对■烯-1-胺,继而以磺酰氯为磺酰化试剂、三乙胺为缚酸剂,合成了10种3-对■烯-1-磺酰胺类化合物（2a～2j）。通过FT-IR、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和LC-MS对所合成化合物的结构进行了表征,并评价了其对稗草的芽后除草活性。研究结果表明：3-对■烯-1-磺酰胺类化合物的收率为60%～87%,各种结构表征图谱与化合物特征相符,表明成功合成了目标化合物。部分化合物对稗草的生长抑制作用明显,其中3-对■烯-1-丙基磺酰胺（2f）的除草活性最好,对茎长和根长的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值分别为0.36和0.17 mmol/L。细胞毒性试验结果表明：3-对■烯-1-基磺酰胺类化合物毒性较低,对正常人脐静脉血管内皮细胞HUVEC-C和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞BALB/C 3T3的体外增殖均无显著抑制。构效关系分析表明：含烷基的磺酰胺衍生物的除草活性明显高于含芳基的,当烷基为3个碳原子时活性最好,但是当烷基上连有吸电子基团时会减弱其活性;苯环或萘环上连有给电子基团（甲基、甲氧基）时活性比连吸电子基团（F、C...     

Phenolic glycosides from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.

Five new chlorophenolic glucosides, curculigine E (1), curculigine F (2), curculigine G (3), curculigine H (5), curculigine I (6) and one new phenolic glycoside, orcinoside H (4), together with eight known phenolic glycosides (7–14) were isolated from the Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Their structures were established by spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR). The isolated phenolic glycosides were evaluated for antiosteoporotic activity against MC3T3-E1 cell line using MTT assays. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed moderate antiosteoporotic activity with the proliferation rate of 10.1–14.1%.     

蛹虫草固态发酵转化西洋参中人参皂苷的研究

研究蛹虫草发酵西洋参中人参皂苷转化规律。采用超高效液相色谱法,比较不同发酵时间西洋参中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rg1,Rb2,Rb3,Rc ,Rd的含量;结果表明,蛹虫草菌种产生的酶系可使人参皂苷Rg1转化为Rd ,且专一性较好;此方法为人参皂苷Rd生物转化提供一种新途径。     

三层实木复合地板背板含水率对其变形的影响

采用单因素试验法，探讨了三层结构实木复合地板背板的含水率对地板长度方向变形的影响。结果表明：背板含水率对地板的变形有明显影响，含水率过低或过高时复合地板的变形都较大；背板含水率可依据背板密度的大小而调整，但一般不得高于12％；背板一般使用针叶树材．允许使用软阉叶树材，但含水率的控制相对需严格。含水率控制适当是解决复合地板变形的重要方法之一。     

Hormone-sensitive lipase is involved in the action of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) inhibiting adipogenesis of 3T3-L1cells

BackgroundSafflor yellow A (SY) has been demonstrated to be beneficial to cardiovascular system. Our previous study showed that hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a main component of SY, could increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ mRNA expression. In this study, we investigate the effect of HSYA on the proliferation and adipogenesis of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.MethodsThe proliferation and adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells treated with HSYA was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) spectrophotometry, Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride assay methods. HSL mRNA expression and promoter activity were studied by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, transient transfection and dual luciferase reporter gene methods.ResultsHSYA (0.1 mg/L) significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells when compared with control cells in 8 h. This effect was further enhanced with the extension time (24 to 96 h) and an increase of concentration of HSYA (1–10 mg/L). The maximal inhibitory action was observed at 0.1 mg/L HSYA in 72 h (86 ± 11.8% vs. 100 ± 4.1%, p < 0.01). HSYA notably reduced the amount of intracellular lipid and triglyceride content in adipocytes to 85% (1 mg/L) and 75% (100 mg/L) on Day 4 following the differentiation, respectively, while increased HSL mRNA expression and promoter activities to 2.7 fold and 1.55 fold, respectively (p < 0.01), in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.ConclusionsHSYA inhibits the proliferation and adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The inhibitory action of HYSA on adipogenesis may be due to the promotion of lipolytic-specific enzyme HSL expression by increasing HSL promoter activity.     

Protective effect of Piper longum fruit ethanolic extract on radiation induced damages in mice: a preliminary study

The radioprotective property of an ethanolic extract of Piper longum fruits (EEPLF) was investigated in Swiss mice. The white blood cell (WBC) count in irradiated control mice was drastically reduced to 1900 cells/mm3 on third day but in treated animals the count was 2783.3 cells/mm3. The number of bone marrow cells and alpha-esterase positive cells was also enhanced by the EEPLF administration (16.7 x 10(6) cells/femur and 946.5/4000 cells, respectively) when compared to the radiation exposed control animals (12.2 x 10(6) cells/femur and 693.5/4000 cells, respectively). EEPLF reduced the elevated levels of glutathione pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver and serum of radiation treated animals. The extract administration also increased the reduced glutathione (GSH) production to offer the radioprotection.     

Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic lignans from Vitex negundo seeds

Chemical investigation of Vitex negundo seeds afforded four new lignans, including a phenylindene-type lignan, vitexdoin F (1), and three phenylnaphthalene-type lignans, vitexdoins G, H and I (2–4). Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses on the basis of NMR, IR, and MS data. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic activities, employing RAW264.7 macrophages, osteoblast-like UMR106 and osteoclastic cells, respectively. Compound 1 showed significant inhibition on the nitric oxide (NO) production (IC₅₀ 4.17 μg/mL) due to its down-regulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which also exhibited potent stimulatory effects on the proliferation and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity of UMR106 cells, and significantly up-regulated the OPG/RANKL protein ratio.     

高含水率单板胶接工艺的研究

研究了单组分湿固化异氰酸酯胶粘剂胶接高含水率单板的工艺条件,详细讨论了含水率、涂胶量、加压压力、加 压时间和养生时间对胶合性能的影响。结果表明:单板含水率、涂胶量是重要的影响因子,单组分湿固化异氰酸酯胶粘 剂可胶接含水率高达100％的单板,在保证胶接强度的前提下,涂胶量仅为传统胶粘剂的1／2-1／3。     

Chemical constituents of Morus alba L. and their inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation

Mulberry leaf, an important traditional Chinese medicine, possesses many biological activities, including effects of anti-obesity. However, which constituents of mulberry leaf are responsible for its anti-adipogenic action is unclear. This study primarily investigated the chemical constituents from mulberry leaf and their bioactivity on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. A new flavane derivative, (2S)-4′-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenylflavan (1), together with twelve known compounds including three flavanes (2–4), three chalcones (5–7), two flavones (8–9), two benzofurans (10–11) and two coumarin (12–13) was isolated from mulberry leaf. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by various spectroscopic methods including UV, HR-ESI-MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and CD. The results of activity screening showed that compound 2, 6 and 7 inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.     

银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究

研究银杏种子后熟期间的生理变化以及内源激素对种子休眠与萌发过程的调控作用.结果表明:银杏种胚分化不完全、发育不充分是种子休眠的主要原因,银杏种子的后熟过程实质上是种胚不断分化生长的过程.在此过程中,物质代谢、酶活性的变化均有利于种胚发育和种子发芽,种子内部经历了一系列生理生化变化去调整内源激素平衡、完成种胚发育.研究发现,内源激素在银杏种子休眠与萌发过程中起着重要的作用:GA1 3是银杏种胚后熟的关键物质;ZRs对银杏种子生长起重要的促进作用;GA1 3/ABA及ZRs/ABA相对比例的变化对种子发育、胚的后熟及种子萌发均有重要的影响.     

基于三维点云模型获取单木树高和胸径的研究

使用无人机和智能手机分别从空中和地面拍摄的样地林分影像构建三维点云模型，并从三维点云模型中获取样地内单木树高和胸径参数。本研究以池杉人工林为研究对象，利用PhotoScan Agisoft软件对无人机倾斜摄影和智能手机近景摄影的样地影像进行三维重建，通过对齐照片、控制点刺点、对齐优化、建立密集点云等步骤，构建出与样地实景相符的三维点云模型；通过LiDAR 360软件从样地三维点云模型中获取单木的树高和胸径参数，将其与实地测量获取的单木树高和胸径参数进行对比分析。利用无人机和智能手机影像构建的三维模型可以满足《数字航空摄影测量测图规范》的精度要求。通过实测数据和点云数据获取的树高和胸径的平均差值分别为-0.9 m和-0.8 cm,平均相对误差分别为5.4%和7.1%。以实测数据作为自变量x,以点云数据作为因变量y,树高和胸径回归模型的R²分别为0.809 5和0.918 4。将倾斜摄影和近景摄影的点云模型统一在同一空间参考基准下可构建出与样地实景相匹配的三维点云模型，从样地三维点云模型中获取的单木树高和胸径与实地测量结果具有较好的线性相关性，本研究所使用的方法可以代...     

NaCl和Na_2CO_3胁迫对枸杞幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

以黑果枸杞‘黑杞1号’和宁夏枸杞‘宁杞7号’的1年生幼苗为试材,用NaCl和Na_2CO_3溶液进行处理,研究盐胁迫条件下,枸杞幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明,2种枸杞在NaCl和Na_2CO_3胁迫下,幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的变化趋势基本相同,但不同盐不同品种间幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数值存在差异。生长特性方面,盐胁迫主要影响株高和基径;在光合和叶绿素荧光特性方面,盐胁迫主要影响的参数有P_n、G_s、C_i、T_r、Ф_(PSⅡ)、F_o、F_m、F_v/F_m、C_(qP)、C_(qN)、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量,其中,P_n、G_s、C_i、F_o、C_(qP)、Ф_(PSⅡ)和总叶绿素含量与对照相比差异显著,T_r、F_m、F_v/F_m、C_(qN)、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量与对照相比无显著差异。NaCl胁迫后,‘黑杞1号’和‘宁杞7号’幼苗的生长量、光合速率分别在1.3 mol·L~(-1)和1.2 mol·L~(-1)时达到最高值,在1.5 mol·L~(-1)时,达到耐盐极限值;Na_2CO_3胁迫后,‘黑杞1号’和‘宁杞7号’幼苗的生长量、光合速率在0.1 mol·L~(-1)时达到最高值,分别在0.4 mol·L~(-1)和0.5 mol·L~(-1)达到耐盐极限值。所以,‘黑杞1号’耐盐能力强于‘宁杞7号’,且Na_2CO_3对枸杞幼苗影响显著大于NaCl。     

光质对云南红豆杉生长及紫杉烷含量影响的研究

将2年生云南红豆杉置于用滤光膜营造白光、黄光、红光和蓝光4种光环境中栽培1 a。栽培期间,测定光合作用,试验期末取样测定植株大小、枝叶特性、生物量和紫杉醇含量等,以揭示不同光质对云南红豆杉形态、光合作用和紫杉烷类物质含量的影响。结果表明:红光能提高最大净光合速率(Pmax)、表光量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP),抑制叶生长,增加第一级枝枝条总数,促进株高生长,提高茎和植株生物量;黄光使Pmax、AQY降低、使LCP和LSP提高,抑制叶生长,提高茎、叶和植株总生物量;蓝光降低Pmax、AQY,提高LSP、LCP、Rd,抑制叶和地径的生长,促进高的生长。不同光质处理下,根、茎、叶中紫杉烷的含量无显著差异,但是对叶中巴卡亭Ⅲ,根中紫杉醇、10-去乙酰巴卡亭Ⅲ和7-差向紫杉醇含量的影响差异显著。红光显著抑制叶中巴卡亭Ⅲ合成和积累,提高根中7-差向紫杉醇的含量;黄光显著提高了根中紫杉醇、10-去乙酰巴卡亭Ⅲ、7-差向紫杉醇的含量;蓝光显著提高根中紫杉醇的含量,但降低叶中巴卡亭Ⅲ的含量。