Seawater-based crop production: a feasibility study

Selections of barley, Hordeum vulgare, obtained from a composite cross by means of salinized solution culture, a salt-tolerant research line from Arizona, and three cultivars were grown in dune sand and irrigated with water from the Pacific Ocean. All lines grew and produced grain of good feed quality. There is evidence of considerable phenotypic plasticity and of marked genotypic diversity with respect to conditions of seawater culture. Rough estimates of yield approached half the national average for barley.     

Transport of Strontium-90 in Runoff

Only a small portion of the strontium-90 that fell on cultivated soils was removed in runoff. The concentration of strontium-90 was usually about 10 times higher in the soil carried by the runoff than in the soil from the plow layer of the plots. Thus, a considerable concentration of Sr(90) could occur in areas where runoff sediments accumulate.     

Coordinated planning for science in communist europe

The Council is not engaged in the supranational formulation of policy and planning on scientific research and technology, but has made considerable progress in coordinating research policies and plans on a limited number of scientific and technical problems of priority interest and of common concern to all members. The establishment of national science-planning institutions in CEMA countries and the adoption of a uniform approach to the formulation of national science policies and plans must be considered basic procedures for achieving international coordination of their efforts. The creation of organizational units within CEMA to deal specifically with the coordination of science policies and plans represents a strengthening of the institutional framework that is necessary for coordination of an internationally cooperative effort in research and technology. Moreover, CEMA's 1-year plan for science and technology has probably been of considerable value as a pilot project for the formulation of the research plan for 1966-70. The delineation of a limited number of important scientific and technical problems of common interest to the members, and the allocation of research projects to a country having the highest capability to conduct them, hold considerable promise for financial savings and for improved utilization of the limited scientific manpower and research facilities of the CEMA countries. While all these measures are significant in CEMA's attempt to improve coordination of science policy and planning, only time will enable true assessment of their effectiveness. The Council's scheme for the specialization of labor in research and technology has met and will undoubtedly continue to meet, considerable opposition by various segments of the scientific communities because of deep-rooted and long-standing national prejudices, and reluctance of vested interests to give up research activities in which they are interested and to which their professional futures are tied. Moreover, opposition to CEMA-sponsored programs for specialization in research will continue to stem from the desire of some member countries further to reduce Russian influence in their domestic affairs. While recognizing the financial savings that can accrue to them from division of labor in research within CEMA, the smaller countries cannot be unaware that there is probably a limit to which the Soviet Union, with its vast scientific and technological base, is willing to participate in the division of-labor scheme. As a world power, the Soviet Union can hardly become dependent upon other members of CEMA in any field. Nevertheless, by promoting the coordination of research plans and a division of labor among CEMA members, the Soviet Union stands to gain by having its scientific-research effort augmented in several fields by the efforts of other members.     

Remobilization in the cratonic lithosphere recorded in polycrystalline diamond

Polycrystalline diamonds (framesites) from the Venetia kimberlite in South Africa contain silicate minerals whose isotopic and trace element characteristics document remobilization of older carbon and silicate components to form the framesites shortly before kimberlite eruption. Chemical variations within the garnets correlate with carbon isotopes in the diamonds, indicating contemporaneous formation. Trace element, radiogenic, and stable isotope variations can be explained by the interaction of eclogites with a carbonatitic melt, derived by remobilization of material that had been stored for a considerable time in the lithosphere. These results indicate more recent formation of diamonds from older materials within the cratonic lithosphere.     

Radiant heat for energy conservation

It is proposed that human comfort could be provided in otherwise chilly surroundings by filling the occupied space with electromagnetic energy of centimeter wavelength. Very considerable reductions in the consumption of energy required for the heating of buildings should result from the lowering of interior temperatures thereby permitted.     

Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in the Gulf of California:

Discovery of Its Nutritional Value by the Seri Indians Zostera marina occurs in the northern Gulf of California. The grain of eelgrass is harvested in the spring and formed an important part of traditional Seri diet and culture. This is the only known case of a grain from the sea being used as a human food source. Eelgrass has considerable potential as a general food resource for mankind. Its cultivation would not require fresh water, pesticides, or artificial fertilizer.     

无菌环境中鸡白痢病传播特征的研究

应用无菌笼具复合体，使雏鸡处于微生物群受控和严格隔离状态，把鸡白痢病垂直传播和水平传播截然分开，以便研究其传播特征。结果表明，１９％的阳性鸡群后裔，可以从其体内分离到鸡伤寒－白痢沙门氏菌，而阴性鸡群为５％。两周龄内保护雏鸡免遭外界环境中沙门氏菌的感染，在本病的生态防制上颇为重要。     

甘蓝型油菜(B.napus L.)群体自交亲和性变异和自交不亲和性选择效应初探

根据对甘蓝型油菜(B.napus L.)的起源以及5个品种群体自交亲和性变异的分布及其遗传趋势的分析,认为在自交亲和性变异较大的群体中是能够选育出遗传性稳定的自交不亲和系的,并推测在甘蓝型油菜中的某一特定品种的自交亲和性是由少数几对等位基因控制的,其效应可能主要是非加性的,但也不排除一些微效基因的修饰作用。     

U and sr isotopes in ground water and calcite, yucca mountain, nevada: evidence against upwelling water

Hydrogenic calcite and opaline silica deposits in fault zones at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, have created considerable public and scientific controversy because of the possible development of a high-level nuclear waste repository at this location. Strontium and uranium isotopic compositions of hydrogenic materials were used to test whether the veins could have formed by upwelling of deep-seated waters. The vein deposits are isotopically distinct from ground water in the two aquifers that underlie Yucca Mountain, indicating that the calcite could not have precipitated from ground water. The data are consistent with a surficial origin for the hydrogenic deposits.     

对《侵权责任法》第87条的认识及救济

《侵权责任法》已于2010年7月1日正式施行。其中,第87条关于不明抛掷物、坠落物损害的责任规定,为建筑物中抛掷物责任承担提供了法律依据。但在加害人不明的情况下,由"可能加害的建筑物使用人"对受害人给予补偿这一规定却在社会上引起了很大争议,反对者认为其违反了公平原则。问题的关键是怎样给受害人以最好的救济。     

Mammary glands of pregnant rats: development stimulated by licking

At the end of gestation, the mamnmary glands of pregnant rats that have been prevented from licking their ventral surfaces by neck collars are about 50-percent less developed than those of control animals. Neither the burden nor the stress ejfect of the collar is an alternative explanation. A considerable proportion of mammary development during pregnancy is thus caused by the female's own licking.     

Changes in incidence of sex chromatin in subcultured cells

Sex chromatin counts of subcultured cells of both female human mammary tumor and female rabbit kidney show a considerable drop from an initial high level. Cultures in which sex chromatin persists also retain the viral insensitivity of their source material.     

Energetics of honeybee swarm thermoregulation

Honeybee swarms regulate their core temperature at a high set point (near 36 degrees C) and the mantle at a low set point (near 15 degrees C). The temperature gradient from core to mantle permits considerable energy economy, and it is abolished only shortly before swarm takeoff.     

Crystal structure of a naturally occurring dinucleoside monophosphate: uridylyl (3',5') adenosine hemihydrate

The crystal structure of uridylyl (3',5') adenosine hemihydrate has been analyzed by x-ray diffraction. The two independent molecules found in the asymmetric unit exhibit conformations that differ significantly from those found in double-helical RNA. The conformational information obtained from this analysis provides considerable insight into the possible conformations of nonhelical "loop" regions of transfer RNA, as well as single-stranded regions of nucleic acids in general.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase organic carbon decomposition under elevated CO2

The extent to which terrestrial ecosystems can sequester carbon to mitigate climate change is a matter of debate. The stimulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) has been assumed to be a major mechanism facilitating soil carbon sequestration by increasing carbon inputs to soil and by protecting organic carbon from decomposition via aggregation. We present evidence from four independent microcosm and field experiments demonstrating that CO(2) enhancement of AMF results in considerable soil carbon losses. Our findings challenge the assumption that AMF protect against degradation of organic carbon in soil and raise questions about the current prediction of terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance under future climate-change scenarios.     

氯化铵对马铃薯酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

以马铃薯为材料,采用磷酸盐缓冲液抽提,经硫酸铵沉淀,Sephadex G-100提取酪氨酸酶,研究氯化铵对马铃薯酪氨酸酶催化L-多巴氧化活力的影响。结果表明,氯化铵对马铃薯酪氨酸酶有较强的抑制作用,其抑制马铃薯酪氨酸酶活力下降50%的抑制浓度(IC50)为0.2 mol/L。氯化铵对马铃薯酪氨酸酶的抑制作用表现为可逆非竞争性抑制,抑制常数为4.88 mmol/L。     

Recent Greenland ice mass loss by drainage system from satellite gravity observations

Mass changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet resolved by drainage system regions were derived from a local mass concentration analysis of NASA-Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE mission) observations. From 2003 to 2005, the ice sheet lost 101 +/- 16 gigaton/year, with a gain of 54 gigaton/year above 2000 meters and a loss of 155 gigaton/year at lower elevations. The lower elevations show a large seasonal cycle, with mass losses during summer melting followed by gains from fall through spring. The overall rate of loss reflects a considerable change in trend (-113 +/- 17 gigaton/year) from a near balance during the 1990s but is smaller than some other recent estimates.     

Choline: high-affinity uptake by rat brain synaptosomes

Synaptosomes from rat brain accumulate choline by two kinetically distinct processes, a high-affinity uptake system [Michaelis constant (K(m)) = 1 x 10(-6)M], and a low-affinity system (K(m) = 9 x 10(-5)M). The high-affinity uptake system requires sodium, and is associated with considerable formation of acetylcholine. The low-affinity uptake system is less dependent on sodium, and does not appear to be associated with a marked degree of acetylcholine formation. The high-affinity choline uptake appears to represent selective choline accumulation by cholinergic neurons.     

粳稻剑叶不同发育时期SPAD值遗传效应分析

利用3个粳稻BT型不育系和6个粳型恢复系,配制不完全双列杂交组合,采用加性-显性-上位性遗传模型,分析在不同发育时期剑叶SPAD值的遗传效应。结果表明:不同亲本剑叶SPAD值存在着较大的差异,同一亲本在不同的发育时期SPAD值也存在着较大的差异。条件遗传方差分析,剑叶SPAD值差异的形成,主要是由剑叶发育前期和中期决定的,叶绿素的发育过程在不同时段分别受基因的显性效应及加×加上位性效应的影响。