26个苦槠优树子代苗高生长量差异分析

分别从江西崇义、江西上犹、湖南汝城3个不同种源共采集26株苦槠（Castanopsis sclerophylla(Lindl.)Schott.）优树种子测定其千粒重,并进行子代苗期苗高生长调查试验,同时分析两者性状之间的相关性。结果表明：26个不同苦槠1a生优树子代苗高间生长表现出极显著差异水平,苗高总均值为29.53 cm,江西崇义14号优树子代苗高最大,达到51.10 cm,极显著大于其余各优树子代苗,其次是苗高为46.20 cm的江西上犹10号优树子代苗,江西崇义13号优树子代苗苗高最小,仅为12.50 cm,各优树子代苗高表型变异系数高达52.46%;不同种源苗高生长都有较好的反映,都呈逐步生长的趋势,并表现出明显的阶段性;种子千粒重与子代苗高之间无显著相关性,两性状间保持一定的独立性。     

福建省马尾松优树子代测定分析

分析结果表明；来自不同地区的优树子代生长差异放大，其中龙岩地区的优树子代表现最佳；而来自同一林分或相邻林分的优树子代大多差异不大；不同海拔的优树子代生长表现没有明显的规律性。参试的优树子代平均材积仅超过时照３％，研究的２８５个优树家系中有４４个材积生长超过对照２０％以上。生长性状与树干通直度之间存在显著正相关。     

榉树优树子代苗期及幼林期生长变异初步研究

榉树(大叶榉)43个优树子代苗期和幼林期生长测定结果表明,榉树苗期优树子代间苗高、地径、分枝数等生长性状均有极显著差异。造林2 a和4 a时,优树子代间造林保存率、树高和胸径生长差异也达显著或极显著水平,生长性状变异受中等以上遗传力控制,具有很大的遗传改良潜力。造林4 a时,以树高遗传增益大于5%和胸径遗传增益10%以及保存率90%以上为选择标准,从供试的43个榉树优树子代中初选出81,3,60,11,22号和43号等6个速生优良家系。     

马尾松半同胞优良家系选择的研究

本文通过对马尾松优树自由授粉子代田间对比试验,经多性状多层次的统计分析表明:优树子代的高、径生长性状表现能预测干形、生长势、花粉量、冠形指标,年生长期的长短对表型值影响显著。在85个优树子代中,选出23个优良家系。利用主分量值和遗传距离聚类的综合评选法,反映出子代在生长、形质两方面的优良特性。     

广西红锥初选优树子代苗期变异性和相关性研究

对广西6县(市)经初选的且有结实的49株红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)优树进行苗期对比试验。结果表明：各优树子代间在种子千粒重、苗木高生长、地径生长方面存在明显的遗传差异；优树子代内部也存在个体间的遗传差异；经苗期物候观察，各家系发芽始期、发芽终期和发芽率均存在一定差异。综合49个红锥初选优树子代苗木高生长和地径生长等指标，确定东兰D02号等7个优树子代为苗期生长快的优树子代，容县R08号等11个优树子代为苗期生长慢的优树子代，其余31个为苗期生长中等的优树子代。同时对其种源与主要地理气候因子进行相关性分析，结果为：总体上生长指标问均呈正直线相关，生长指标与主要地理气候因子间呈负直线相关。6个种源可分成3类，浦北和容县种源生长较好，凭祥和东兰种源生长中等，鹿寨和博白种源生长一般。     

广西红锥初选优树子代苗期变异性和相关性研究

对广西 6县 (市 )经初选的且有结实的 4 9株红锥 (Castanopsishystrix)优树进行苗期对比试验。结果表明 :各优树子代间在种子千粒重、苗木高生长、地径生长方面存在明显的遗传差异 ;优树子代内部也存在个体间的遗传差异 ;经苗期物候观察 ,各家系发芽始期、发芽终期和发芽率均存在一定差异。综合 4 9个红锥初选优树子代苗木高生长和地径生长等指标 ,确定东兰D0 2号等 7个优树子代为苗期生长快的优树子代 ,容县R0 8号等 11个优树子代为苗期生长慢的优树子代 ,其余 31个为苗期生长中等的优树子代。同时对其种源与主要地理气候因子进行相关性分析 ,结果为 :总体上生长指标间均呈正直线相关 ,生长指标与主要地理气候因子间呈负直线相关。 6个种源可分成 3类 ,浦北和容县种源生长较好 ,凭祥和东兰种源生长中等 ,鹿寨和博白种源生长一般。     

苏南杉木优树子代测定与选择的研究

在名容市林场进行的５苏南杉木优树半同胞子代１４年测定结果表明，苗期、成林期供试子代家系间生长差异显著。家间生长变异〉家系内变异。按倨于本省生态适宜区优良林分对照，并优于各地选优林分优势木混俣种对照绵双向选择法，选出了名东２４，溧水１０－１１，溧阳黄１，名１２等１１个家系为短轮伐建材优良家系。     

红松天然林优树子代测定综合分析

以红松自然分布区内３个亚区、１２个地点、５５７株优树子代１０年生数量性状为依据，分析了亚区间、地点间及个体间生长差异及遗传规律。结果表明：南亚区优树子代以辽宁草河口表现最好，中亚区最差。从性状间相关分析可知，３个亚区表现出不尽一致的遗传特性。从选择效果看，３个亚区内优树都为正向选择。作为对照的草河口人工林子代在生长上大大超过了天然林优树子代，表现出显著的种源效应。     

米老排优树单亲子代苗期生长变异分析及选择

以福建上杭白砂国有林场选出12个米老排优树所培育的苗木为材料,研究其子代苗期生长表现,结果表明:12个米老排优树单亲子代苗木生长表现优良,优树胸径、树高、材积三者间和地径与苗高之间相关系数呈极显著正相关;子代苗期各性状遗传变异较大,地径、苗高、主根长、大于5cm侧根数差异均达显著和极显著水平,家系遗传力较高;以地径显著大于优树混合种为主要依据,采用多重比较初选9、7、3、6、8、5、4等7个优良家系,其平均地径、苗高分别达0.87cm、1.21m,遗传增益达4.9%、12.8%,比母树林良种提高了33.8%、101.6%。所选的7个优树可作为优良家系加以保护和利用。     

红松天然林优树子代测定综合分析

以红松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｋｏｒａｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔＺｕｃｃ．）自然分布区内３个亚区、１２个地点、５５７株优树子代１０年生数量性状为依据，分析了亚区间、地点间及个体间生长差异及遗传规律。结果表明：南亚区优树子代在辽宁草河口表现最好，中亚区最差。从性状间相关分析可知，３个亚区表现出不尽一致的遗传特性。从选择效果看，３个亚区内优树都为正向选择。作为对照的草河口人工林子代在生长上大大超过了天然林优树子代，表现出显著的种源效应     

麻竹种内控制授粉子代苗期选择及遗传变异分析

以不同产地零星开花母竹为亲本,通过控制授粉得到了遗传变异丰富的麻竹种内杂交子代。对65个正常生长的杂交组合子代苗进行苗期选择,根据不同培育目标选出优良笋用及笋材两用杂交组合29个和34个。入选优良笋用杂交组合平均发笋量比选择前增加17．9％;入选笋材两用杂交组合的平均发笋量、地径及杆高比未选择前分别提高4．8％、22．6％和19．5％。研究表明,麻竹可以通过人工杂交及选择获得生长性状优良的杂交后代用于生产。     

栲树优树自由授粉后代苗期生长性状的遗传变异

对栲树优树自由授粉后代苗期生长性状进行了遗传变异分析 ,结果表明 :栲树优树自由授粉后代苗期生长性状差异达显著程度 ,苗高、地径、分枝数有较高的遗传力和中等的遗传变异系数 ,且 3者之间相关较密切。以苗高和地径为主 ,初选出 8个苗期生长较优良的栲树优树家系 ,为开展进一步研究提供了基础     

杂交桉家系在桂北生长及优良性评价

[目的]对广西黄冕林场杂交桉的生长及优良性进行评价,找到更多适合在该区域今后推广种植的优良杂种材料.[方法]对3.5、5.8和8.5 a共3个年度的42个人工杂种家系、9个母本自由授粉家系和1个无性系试验林进行生长调查,开展不同林龄的干形、幼林枝瘿姬小蜂的受害率等的调查,利用方差分析和多性状综合坐标得分法进行分析,获得...     

杨树胶合板材纸浆材新品种‘鲁林1号杨’

'鲁林1号杨'为雌株,是由美洲黑杨优树上采集天然杂交种所得,经过苗期和区域化试验选育而成.具有育苗及造林成活率高、速生、抗性强等特性,是优良的杨树工业用材树种,特别适宜培育胶合板材.     

Genetic variation in the natural pollen cloud of pinus sylvestris: a study based on progeny testing

Seeds from open pollination of individual female stroboli on different days in June 1990 in a coastal clone archive of Pinus sylvestris (L.) in northern Sweden (latitude 63°39’ N) were used for a short‐term progeny experiment to study differences over time in the genetic composition of the background pollen. Analysis of progeny growth and cold acclimatization in artificial whole‐plant freezing tests suggested no genetic differences in the fertilizing pollen between pollination days. A clinal variation with the latitude of pollen origin was observed for reference progenies from fertilization with pollen of known geographical origin. Comparisons between open‐pollinated progenies and reference progenies indicate that the pollen cloud originated from approximately 1° latitude (based on height growth) or 1.5° latitude (based on freezing injury) north of the pollination site.     

Selfing results in inbreeding depression of growth but not of gas exchange of surviving adult black spruce trees

In most tree species, inbreeding greatly reduces seed production, seed viability, survival and growth. In a previous large-scale quantitative analysis of a black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) diallel experiment, selfing had large deleterious effects on growth but no impact on stable carbon isotope discrimination (an indirect measure of the ratio of net photosynthesis (A) to stomatal conductance (gwv)). It was hypothesized that selfing has no effect on carbon (C) fixation at the leaf level but impairs subsequent utilization of C. Alternatively, A and gwv may be impacted by selfing to the same extent. However, no gas exchange data were collected to test these hypotheses. We have now obtained photosynthetic gas exchange data from three selfed families and three outcrossed families (all the result of controlled pollination) from the same diallel experiment. Photosynthetic responses to intercellular CO2 concentration (A-Ci curves) were generated on four replicates per family, one block per day, over a 4-day period in July. There were no differences between selfed and outcrossed families in maximum carboxylation rate, maximum electron transport, A or gwv (both estimated at 370 ppm CO2), or the ratio A/gwv. Because selfed trees had higher mortality than outcrossed trees during the experiment, we cannot exclude the possibility that previously living selfed progeny had low A. Nevertheless, the data indicate that inbreeding can result in trees that have low productivity despite high A, supporting our hypothesis that gas exchange is similar between selfed and outcrossed progeny trees. We conclude that utilization of fixed C is modified in the surviving selfed progeny.     

湿地松×加勒比松杂种在湛江地区的早期生长表现

对种植于广东省湛江市遂溪县林业试验场的5.5年生湿加松子代测定林和产量表证试验林进行了生长调查和数据统计分析,结果表明:在子代测定林中,湿加松的树高、胸径年均生长量分别为1.46 m、2.28 cm,生长量明显大于省内其它地区试验林的水平,表明湿加松在当地有较大的生产潜力;经方差分析和多重比较筛选出生长优势突出的F1杂...     

杨树胶合板材纸浆材新品种'鲁林3号杨'

鲁林3号杨,雄株,是以美洲黑杨I-69为母本,美洲黑杨PE-3-71为父本,经人工控制授粉,对杂种F1代进行苗期筛选和无性系造林试验选育而成.具有易繁殖、速生、材质优良、抗病虫和抗逆性强等特性,是优良的杨树工业用材树种,适宜培育胶合板材和纸浆材.     

不同种源无患子苗期生长性状遗传变异研究

利用9个种源90个家系的无患子(Sapindus mukorossi)种子在浙江省杭州市余杭长乐林场进行苗期试验,结果表明,无患子1年生苗生长期可分为生长初期、速生期和木质化期,地径生长高峰期晚于苗高生长高峰期。方差分析表明,不同种源、不同生长时期苗高和地径生长性状差异较大,呈极显著水平。相关性分析显示,苗高生长性状与种源地纬度呈显著性负相关,南部种源苗期生长性状明显好于北部种源,初步选择出江西上犹、浙江龙泉、江西宜丰3个优良种源,上犹7号、上犹8号、上犹9号、宜丰1号、宜丰6号、龙泉4号和龙泉10号共计7个优良家系。     

A robust set of black walnut microsatellites for parentage and clonal identification

We describe the development of a robust and powerful suite of 12 microsatellite marker loci for use in genetic investigations of black walnut and related species. These 12 loci were chosen from a set of 17 candidate loci used to genotype 222 trees sampled from a 38-year-old black walnut progeny test. The 222 genotypes represent a sampling from the broad geographic distribution of the species. Analysis of the samples using the 12 loci revealed an average expected heterozygosity of 0.83, a combined probability of identity of 3×10⁻¹⁹, and a combined probability of exclusion for paternity analysis of >0.999. The 222 genotyped trees from the progeny test comprised 39 open-pollinated families, 29 of which (having at least five sampled progeny) were used to estimate the outcrossing rate for the progeny trial. The same 29 families were used to construct a Neighbor-Joining dendrogram based upon allele sharing between individuals. The multilocus estimate of the outcrossing rate was 100% (standard error of zero), higher than the 90% level found in previous studies at the embryo stage, suggesting that both artificial and natural selection against selfs may have occurred over the 38-year lifespan of the progeny trial. In the Neighbor-Joining dendrogram, the majority of the putative siblings grouped together in 21 out of the 29 families, showing that the microsatellites were able to discern most of the family structure in the dataset. Our results indicate that errors were sometimes committed during the establishment of the progeny test. This set of microsatellite loci clearly provides a powerful tool for future applications in black walnut.