DOES CHANGING THE ORIENTATION OF A THORACIC RADIOGRAPH AID DIAGNOSIS OF RIB FRACTURES?

To test the hypothesis that changing the orientation of a thoracic radiograph aids diagnosis of rib fractures, a case–control study was carried out using 120 radiographs of small animal patients with recent thoracic trauma. Six independent observers representing three levels of experience viewed the radiographs in randomized order in conventional and unconventional orientations at 15‐s intervals in a PowerPoint^® presentation. Sensitivity for rib fractures was 53–69% and specificity was 74–97%, depending on the observer. Radiologists had higher specificity than less experienced observers (P=0.0001), but comparable sensitivity for rib fractures. Radiologists had significantly higher accuracy than residents (P=0.03), and residents had higher accuracy than interns (P=0.02). Accuracy of diagnosis was reduced significantly when based on lateral radiographs compared with dorsoventral (DV)/ventrodorsal (VD) views (P=0.02) mainly because of low sensitivity of lateral radiographs of dogs with rib fractures. Rotating radiographs 90° clockwise was associated with increased specificity of one intern (from 74 to 90%, P=0.03), but had no effect on accuracy of diagnosis by other observers (P>0.16). Turning DV/VD views upside down had no effect on accuracy of diagnosis of any observers (P>0.40). Changing the orientation of a thoracic radiograph may make it easier for some novices to examine the ribs; hence it could be considered a training aid rather than a technique that will benefit an experienced radiologist.     

IMMUNITY TO COCCIDIOSIS:ACTION OF LIVE VACCINES

Introduction　　1.liveoocystsvaccinesagainstcoccidiosisinchickenshavebeenusedbythepoultryindustrysincetheintroductionofCoccivacTMin1965andImmucoxTM20yearslater.Over3billiondosesofthe4brandsofvaccineshavebeensoldforchickens.　　Twoofthesevaccines(Cocc...     

SCIENCE OF SERICULTURE (QUARTERLY) Vol.28 CONTENTS

·Ｍｕｌｂｅｒｒｙ·ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＭｏｒｕｓＧｅｒｍｐｌａｓｍＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｉｎＹｕｎｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ 1　 ( 1)…………………………………………………………ＡＣｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＭｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄＨｉｓｔｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓＡｍｏｎｇＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＰｌｏｉｄｓｏｆＭｕｌｂｅｒｒｙ (Ｍｏｒｕｓｓｐｐ .) 1　 ( 8)……………………………ＰｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅＩｓｏｚｙｍｅａｎｄＲＡＰＤＡｎ…     

IMPACT OF CHINESE IMPORTS IN COLOMBIA’S JOB LOSSES INTHE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

China's growing participation in Latin American countries has been seen as a massive threat on the region 's manufacturing sector. Is it really this significant when it comes to its impact on manufacturing employment?With this project I pretend to examine the relationship between the bilateral commerce from China and Colombia in the textile a sector between the years 2000-2012. By examining the data I want to find out what is the correlation between jobs losses in Colombia's textile industry and the imports from China in the same industry.Analyzing the sector of textile is very significant to the country.It represents employment and production of added value products in an industry that has not only social impact but also historical meaning for the country.     

CAN SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS PREDICT THE RESULTS OF LIVER ASPIRATES IN DOGS WITH SUSPECTED LIVER DISEASE?

While abdominal ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology are often combined to help determine the type of liver disease in dogs, little is known about the relationship that may exist between the results of these tests. We hypothesized that specific sonographic findings, or combinations of findings, may predict results of liver ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. Hepatic and extrahepatic sonographic findings were recorded prospectively using a standardized form in 70 dogs with clinically suspected liver disease and in which liver ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed. The predictive value of sonographic findings in regard to the category of cytology results was assessed with stepwise logistic regression analysis. Sonographic detection of a hepatic mass (≥3 cm; risk ratio [RR] 3.83, 95% Wald confidence intervals [95% CI] 2.42–3.93, P =0.0036), ascites (RR 3.82, 95% CI 1.94–4.28, P =0.0044), abnormal hepatic lymph node(s) (RR 3.01, 95% CI 1.22–4.88, P =0.0262), and abnormal spleen (RR 3.26, 95% CI 1.20–3.85, P =0.0274) were the most predictive of liver neoplasia on cytology. Conversely, sonographic detection of hepatic nodules (<3 cm; RR 1.97, 95% CI 0.95–2.96, P =0.0666) was most predictive of vacuolar hepatopathy on cytology. In dogs with suspected liver disease, several sonographic findings, alone or combined, are thus predictive of liver ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology results. In the light of the fact that ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the liver has limitations, these predictabilities could influence the selection of diagnostic tests to reach a reliable diagnosis.     

EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SCREW-WORM AMONG SHEEP IN SãO PAULO STATE,BRAZIL

The screw-worm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), whose larvae develop in wild and domestic animals as well as in man, is one of the major causes of myiasis in Brazil. Sheep raising is expanding in the state of São Paulo, where information about the infestation of screw-worm is necessary for appropriate control measures. The present data were obtained from questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to Associação Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos – ASPACO (São Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. The results show that screw-worm is the most frequent ectoparasite in the flocks and is responsible for the greatest economic losses. Its occurrence is strongly associated with flock size, reaching 100% in flocks consisting of more than 500 animals. Infestation is higher in spring and summer and lowest in the fall. The number of cases increases in the presence of some management practices such as tail amputation. Furthermore, several other associations between the indicators surveyed were also found to be significant. The data obtained will permit the elaboration of strategies for the control of this parasitosis.     

SELECTED CONTENTS IN VOLUME 9 ISSUESI 1～4 OF《Chinese Journal of Veterinary Parasitology》

Research Treatise and Experimental Research Report·Pharmacokinetic experim ent of pyridaben injection dosage and oral dosage ZH OU Wang- ping,etal (1- 3)……………Identification of 4Trichinella isolates by restriction fragm ent length polym orphism s analysisSON G Ming- xin,etal(1- 8)……………………………………………………………………………………………………Detection and analysis of anti- Schistosoma japonicum antibodies in Microtus fortis H E Yan- yan,etal(1- 11)……………The applic…     

从OF短语做后置修饰语时的功能看对英语名词词组翻译的指导

韩礼德把介词归为次动词,却认为of多数只做名词词组结构标志。汤姆森则提出,of多数情况体现关系过程。本文基于系统功能语法对of的解释,探讨了of可以体现不同关系过程,也可以做结构标志,以及这些情况下对名词词组翻译的指导。     

IS A MAGIC ANGLE EFFECT OBSERVED IN THE COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS OF THE DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT OR THE OBLIQUE SESAMOIDEAN LIGAMENTS DURING STANDING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING?

Collagen fibers oriented at 55° to the static magnetic field (B₀) are characterized by an artifactual increase in signal intensity due to the magic angle effect. We hypothesized that there would be increased signal intensity in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint and oblique sesamoidean ligaments when these ligaments were at angles approaching 55° to a horizontal B₀ during standing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR imaging was performed on four cadaver forelimbs in a 0.27 T standing system. Transverse and dorsal images were obtained using various sequences, with limbs angled at 0°, 4°, 8°, and 12° to the vertical. Images were analyzed and the angle of each ligament to B₀ determined. Mean signal intensity in the ligament and cortex of the adjacent phalanx was measured and ratios calculated. With subjective interpretation, there was increased signal intensity in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint and oblique sesamoidean ligaments over ranges of angles of 60–78° and 57–69°, respectively, to B₀. In fast spin echo (FSE) sequences, with a long echo time (72 ms), the effect was less pronounced. FSE sequences can help determine the significance of increased signal intensity within tissues. In spite of limited positions of a limb during standing MR imaging compared with horses under general anesthesia, deviation from a vertical posture sufficient to cause a magic angle effect can still occur in both ligaments tested. Conformation may contribute to the occurrence of the magic angle effect during standing MR imaging. Effort should be made to position horses squarely and to minimize leaning during image acquisition.