甘蔗新品种及主栽品种对褐锈病抗性与Bru1基因分子检测

为明确近年我国各甘蔗育种单位育成的新品种及各蔗区主栽品种对甘蔗褐锈病的抗性,筛选抗褐锈病优良新品种供生产上推广应用,本研究结合全国甘蔗新品种联合区域试验,选择甘蔗褐锈病高发的云南临沧、云南普洱、云南玉溪和广西宜州蔗区,在田间自然发病下,对我国近年来选育的60个新品种和34个主栽品种进行抗性评价,并对抗褐锈病基因Bru1进行分子检测。结果表明,94个新品种及主栽品种中,66个表现高抗到中抗,占70.21%;28个表现为感病到高感,占29.79%。分子检测结果显示,共54个抗病新品种及主栽品种含有抗褐锈病基因Bru1,频率为57.45%。目前大面积种植的桂糖29号、桂糖44号、德蔗03-83、柳城03-1137、粤糖60号、桂糖46号等主栽品种高度感病,而粤甘48号、福农09-2201、桂糖08-120、柳城09-15、中蔗1号、云蔗08-1609、云瑞10-187、中糖1201等31个新品种抗病性强。建议多雨湿润褐锈病高发蔗区,应加大淘汰感病主栽品种和推广应用抗病新品种力度,以期达到品种合理布局,从根本上控制褐锈病暴发流行,为甘蔗产业高质量发展提供安全保障。     

101份中国甘蔗主要育种亲本褐锈病抗性鉴定及Bru1基因的分子检测

由黑顶柄锈菌引起的甘蔗褐锈病是一种重要的世界性甘蔗病害,Bru1是甘蔗抗褐锈病主效基因,该基因对不同地区的褐锈病分离物具有广谱抗性。为明确中国甘蔗主要育种亲本对黑顶柄锈菌的抗性水平,了解Bru1基因在这些亲本中的分布情况,本研究于2014年对中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的101份甘蔗主要育种亲本进行苗期抗褐锈病鉴定和抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测。结果显示,供试亲本中,共48份抗病材料含有抗褐锈病基因Bru1,频率为47.5%,表明中国甘蔗主要育种亲本中褐锈病抗性主要由Bru1控制;其余29份抗病材料和24份感病材料均不含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,暗示除了Bru1外,可能还有其他抗褐锈病基因存在。研究结果为深入开展甘蔗抗褐锈病育种,选育和推广优良抗病品种,有效防控甘蔗褐锈病提供了科学依据和优良抗性亲本。     

甘蔗抗褐锈病新基因定位遗传群体的构建

为发掘甘蔗抗褐锈病新基因,本研究以4个高抗褐锈病不含Bru1基因的甘蔗品种为父本,4个高感褐锈病的甘蔗品种为母本配置杂交组合,对获得的5个杂交组合F,代群体进行SSR真实性鉴定、人工接种褐锈病抗性表型鉴定和Bru1基因分子检测.结果显示:'粤糖03-393'×'ROC24'和'柳城03-1137'×'德蔗93-88'的...     

31份甘蔗野生核心种质资源褐锈病抗性鉴定及Bru1基因的分子检测

为明确甘蔗野生资源对黑顶柄锈菌的抗性水平,了解Bru1基因在甘蔗野生资源中的分布状况,于2013年对中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的31份野生核心种质资源进行苗期抗褐锈病鉴定和抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测。结果表明,31份供试材料中,高抗(1级)至中抗(3级)的有28份,占90.3%。其中19份材料表现高抗(1级),占61.3%,3份材料表现抗病(2级),占9.7%,6份材料表现中抗(3级),占19.4%。31份供试材料中只有贵州78-2-12、云南97-4、E.rockii95-19、E.rockii 95-20、云南83-224、广西79-8、云南95-35和广西89-13含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,占参试材料的25.8%;其余20份抗病材料和3份感病材料均不含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,表明除Bru1外,可能还有其他抗褐锈病基因存在。结果暗示中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的野生核心种质资源中蕴藏着优良的抗褐锈病基因,是选育抗褐锈病甘蔗品种很有利用前景的抗源种质。     

甘蔗(Saccharum species hybrid)种质资源褐锈病和黄锈病抗性位点分子检测

开展种质资源抗锈病分子检测,对甘蔗筛选抗性资源和抗锈病育种具有重要意义.本研究利用己报道的褐锈病抗性位点Bru1和黄锈病抗性位点G1对中国甘蔗育种中的亲本资源和创新材料进行分析.在164份材料中共检测到‘粤糖07-913’、‘桂糖02-281’、‘赣南05-352’等23份带有Bru1抗性标记的材料,占参试材料的14％...     

甘蔗抗褐锈病新基因抗感病池构建及SSR多态性引物筛选

由黑顶柄锈菌(Puccinia melanocephala H.Sydow&P.Sydow)引起的甘蔗褐锈病是危害中国甘蔗生产的主要病害之一.为了鉴定和发掘抗褐锈病新基因,防止褐锈病爆发流行和保证甘蔗安全生产,本研究以杂交组合'粤糖03-393'x'ROC 24'抗感分离真实性F,代群体为材料,构建抗感基因池,合成44...     

甘蔗新品种及主栽品种对褐锈病抗性与Bru1基因分子检测

The aim of this study was to assess brown rust resistance of new sugarcane varieties bred in China and main cultivated varieties in sugarcane planting area, and screen the elite new brown rust resistant varieties for popularization and application in production. In total, 60 new varieties in the national regional test of new sugarcane varieties were tested in Kaiyuan and Lincang, and 34 main cultivated varieties were studied in Lincang, Puer, and Yuxi, Yunnan province, and Yizhou, Guangxi province, China, where the incidence of brown rust was particularly high. The resistance of these sugarcane varieties to brown rust was investigated under natural inoculation and molecular marker-assisted identification was used to detect the brown rust resistance gene Bru1. The results of field survey showed that 66 (70.21%) of the 94 new and main cultivated varieties were highly resistant to moderately resistant, and 28 (29.79%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. Molecular detection indicated that Bru1 gene was found among 54 (57.45%) of the 94 new and main cultivated varieties. Some main cultivated varieties that were currently planted across large areas such as Guitang 29, Guitang 44, Dezhe 03-83, Liucheng 03-1137, Yuetang 60, and Guitang 46 were highly susceptible to brown rust, and 31 new varieties such as Yuegan 48, Funong 09-2201, Guitang 08-120, Liucheng 09-15, Zhongzhe 1, Yunzhe 08-1609, Yunrui 10-187, and Zhongtang 1201 were resistant. Therefore, in the sugarcane planting areas with high incidence of brown rust and wet and rainy climates, more effort should be eliminated the main susceptible varieties and promoted the application of new resistant varieties. This will help to achieve a reasonable distribution of varieties, fundamentally control the outbreak of disease in sugarcane planting areas, and provide security for the high-quality development of sugarcane industry in China in the future.     

复合高效配方药剂对甘蔗褐锈病防控效果评价

为了筛选防控甘蔗褐锈病的复合高效配方药剂及精准施药技术,选用代森锌、烯唑醇、代森锰锌、嘧菌脂、吡唑醚菌脂、苯甲嘧菌酯、百菌清、多菌灵进行田间药效试验.结果表明,(65％代森锌WP 1500 g+75％百菌清 WP 1500 g+磷酸二氢钾2400 g+增效剂300 mL)/hm2、(12.5％烯唑醇 WP 1500 g...     

甘蔗野生种质资源抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测

在甘蔗栽培品种‘R570’上发现和定位的甘蔗抗褐锈病主效基因Bru1对世界上不同国家和不同地区的黑顶柄锈菌具有广谱抗性。针对该基因开发的两个分子标记能有效、稳定地检测和筛选含有该基因的种质资源。为筛选甘蔗野生种抗源种质,利用R12H16和9O20-F4两个标记对云南农业大学甘蔗种质资源圃保存的部分野生种质资源进行抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测,包括割手密96份、蔗茅15份、滇蔗茅1份、斑茅11份、河八王4份、金茅2份、五节芒9份,共计138份。结果表明,有7份割手密含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,占参试材料的5.1%。本研究为甘蔗的转基因育种和抗褐锈病杂交育种提供优良抗源材料,为进一步开展甘蔗育种研究提供了科学依据。     

Wheat mutants showing altered adult plant disease resistance

Wheat mutants, selected on an altered resistance phenotype to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, the causal agent of yellow rust, were assessed in greenhouse tests to determine the growth stage at which the mutant phenotype was expressed and which components of yellow rust resistance were altered. Four of the mutants showed reduced levels of yellow rust infection, while three exhibited increased levels of infection. The infection characters altered were those seen after the establishment of hyphal growth, i.e. days after inoculation to sporulation, the percentage of inoculated leaf tissue producing sporulating colonies and the number of spores produced per cm² of inoculated leaf tissue. The altered resistance phenotype was developmentally regulated in all of the mutants. The changes seen in the infection characters differed for each mutant, suggesting that different genes may have been altered. An altered resistance phenotype to brown rust and/or powdery mildew was also seen for some of the yellow rust mutants. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic control of resistance to soilborne wheat mosaic virus in Brazilian cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. Thell.

In Southern Brazil, under ideal conditions Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Virus (SBWMV) induces yield reductions to the wheat crop of over 50%. The only effective way of controlling the disease is through resistance. However, the inheritance of resistance is not been fully understood. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic control of resistance to SBWMV. Crosses were carried out between the resistant wheat cultivar Embrapa 16 and the susceptible cultivars BR 23 and IAC 5-Maringá, at the National Wheat Research Centre, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. The parents, F₁, F₂, and backcrosses were sown in plots in a field where soil was naturally infested with the vector of the virus, the fungus Polymyxa graminis, in order to promote natural infection. All plants were individually evaluated for severity and type of lesions, according to a scale of 0 to 5, where, 0 = absence of symptoms and 5 = plants severely affected by mosaic plus dwarfing and rosetting. The statistical analyses of the data showed broad sense heritability values between 43% and 55%. The data suggested the presence of two genes controlling resistance to SBWMV in the segregating population of both crosses. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.