生物质热解液化产物制备酚醛树脂研究进展

在介绍热解制备富含酚类物质液化产物的生物质原料的基础上,综述了快速热解油、真空热解油、高压热解油、常压苯酚液化产物、木质素酚解产物及生物油抽提分离产物等生物质热解液化产物制备酚醛树脂及其应用现状,并指出了生物质热解液化产物替代酚类化合物制备酚醛树脂存在成本较高、反应活性较低、尺寸稳定性较差等问题,利用造纸黑液木质素与树皮制备酚醛树脂将成为重要方向。     

生物质快速裂解液化工艺流程及输送系统选用

阐述了现有的生物质热裂解反应原理,并在生物质热解液化过程工艺的基础上对生物质热解液化装置输送系统的选用和设计做简要介绍,以解决生物燃油制备过程中物料的输送问题,为该项技术能够推广和实际应用奠定了基础.     

转锥式生物质热解液化装置的实验研究

介绍了自行研制的转锥式生物质闪速热解液化装置原理及结构,并以玉米秆作为实验材料,详细说明了该装置热解液化生产生物质油的过程及相关工艺参数。     

木材的苯酚及多元醇液化反应机理研究进展

综述了国内外在木材苯酚液化及多元醇液化反应机理研究方面的进展,指出了研究木材液化反应机理的重要性,归纳了今后木材液化反应机理研究的发展趋势。深化木材液化反应机理研究可以揭示木材液化的本质,补充和完善木材液化理论研究体系,也有利于实现液化过程的绿色化、降低液化成本、建立液化工艺与产物性质之间的调控机制、加快木材液化技术应用的产业化进程。     

典型生物质快速热解工艺流程及其性能评价

生物质液体燃油被认为是替代日益枯竭的化石能源的一个重要生长点,快速热解液化已经具有了一定的研究基础和工程应用。首先分析快速热解前进行干燥和粉碎等预处理的原因,接着分析几种典型的热解工艺的流程和性能,最后得出要加大生物质热解机理研究力度的结论。     

生物质三组分在聚乙二醇辅助热解液化过程中的协同作用

将三大组分的模型化合物微晶纤维素、木聚糖和木质素进行不同配比得到合成生物质,对不同配比的合成生物质样品进行热重(TG)分析,研究了其溶剂辅助热解液化行为,并得出三大组分在溶剂辅助热解液化过程中的协同作用。研究发现:温度低于350℃时,半纤维素对纤维素的降解有一定的促进作用;而高于350℃时,则有明显的抑制作用;半纤维素和纤维素均对木质素的降解起到抑制作用。采用极端顶点法选取典型配比的合成生物质,运用热裂解-色谱-质谱联用技术(Py-GC/MS)探究了合成生物质的溶剂辅助热解液化产物分布,得出了生物质各组分对溶剂辅助热解液化产物分布的影响。结果表明:合成生物质中的木质素含量较高会促进酸类物质的生成,纤维素和半纤维素的溶剂辅助热解液化产物对木质素溶剂辅助热解生成酚类化合物有一定的抑制作用;对于酯类化合物来说,合成生物质溶剂辅助热解液化都生成了较多的酯类物质,生物质三组分不同的配比促进了酯类化合物的生成。     

真空热解工艺参数对生物油产率的影响研究

以油菜秸秆为原料,采用真空热解系统作为生物质热解液化试验装置,以热解终温、体系压力、升温速率和保温时间为试验因子,生物油产率为试验指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对生物油产率进行进一步优化,利用Design Expert 8.0.6软件分析得出生物油产率的二次多项式模型方程,对热解工艺参数进行寻优,并对优化结果进行了试验验证。研究结果表明,热解终温、体系压力和升温速率是影响生物油产率的主要因素,而保温时间对生物油产率的影响较小;最佳热解工艺参数为:热解终温494.0℃,体系压力5.0 kPa,升温速率18.4℃/min,保温时间60.0 min,在此条件下,生物油产率可达43.50%,与预测值43.63%较为接近。     

生物质快速热解装置主反应器的研究现状

阐述了现有的生物质热解液化技术中主反应器的研究现状,分析了相应的优势与不足。介绍了在以转锥式快速热解液化设备所做的实验中所总结的问题及经验,提出了未来需要研究的问题,并预测了今后的研究方向,为生物质新能源的研究开发及生产探索了新的途径。     

不同种类生物质输送量的理论预测方法与实验回归公式

连续稳定地向生物质热解液化工艺系统输送适量的生物质原料是实现生物油连续生产的必要前提条件,而生物质种类及粒径分布千差万别,如何较为准确地预测不同生物质的输送量是至关重要的。本文以不同粒径的四种典型生物质原料为代表,实验测试了生物质的堆积密度及输料量的变化规律。结合输料系统特点,提出了理论预测输料量的方法,通过对实验数据进行多元线性回归处理,得到了物理意义清晰的实验回归公式。对比表明,理论公式、实验回归公式均与实验结果吻合良好,绝大部分数据点落在±10%的误差线内。本文的研究结果对于生物质热解液化工艺方法的研究具有重要参考价值。     

国外生物质能转化技术研究概况

本文论述了国外生物质能转化技术研究现状及取得的进展。介绍了生物质气化、热解及液化技术的工艺,以及反应图、转化工艺参数控制及其对产品的影响,生物质热转化工艺的产品及其利用等内容。本文还就我国开展生物质能转化,利用及推广等工作提出了建议;并认为,这一研究将为缓解我国能源供应紧张,改善环境,促进我国林业、木材工业及木材化学工业的发展作出一定贡献。     

工业锅炉生物质燃烧应用现状

介绍了工业锅炉中生物质燃料各种燃烧技术的技术特点和发展现状,重点分析了各种燃烧技术对不同生物质的适应性,展望了生物质燃烧技术的发展趋势,提出了生物质燃烧技术发展和应用的建议.     

木质生物质快速热解生物油产率影响因素分析

木质生物质能是可再生能源的重要组成部分,快速热解技术是国内外木质生物质能源化的热点研究课题.本文在简要总结木质生物质快速热解技术的基础上,着重对快速热解过程中热解温度、升温速率、压力、气相滞留时间、木质生物质物料特性、催化剂、热解反应器等因素对生物油产率的影响进行了论述,阐明了提高生物油产率的快速热解工艺条件.     

生物质直接燃烧利用现状

随着社会经济的发展,环境问题和能源问题日益严重,人类开始加紧寻找可再生能源的步伐。在众多的能源中,生物质能以其清洁、可再生性等优点受到了世界各国的广泛关注,人们开始研究采用不同的方法及技术来燃烧生物质,以其获取寻找最佳的燃烧利用方法,提高生物质的利用率。为了更有效地开发生物质能源,本文详细分析了目前生物质的来源组成及直接燃烧的过程。在此基础上,本文提出了今后在生物质利用方面林业工作的研究内容。     

生物质快速热解技术现状及展望

概述了生物质能的转换利用方法,重点介绍了生物质的快速热解技术,综述了快速热解技术现．状及发展趋势。     

Current Status and Prospects of Biomass Energy Industry in China

At present biomass energy industry is in its infancy in China and it has a bright future. Biomass energy production used grain as raw materials has entered industrialization phase.Some key technologies of biomass energy industry are coming to mature.China has issued relevant industrial standards laws and regulations,and has provided support in finance,loan,tax,etc.But China's biomass energy industry is faced with many problems which need to be solved.For example,taking grain as raw materials is unsustain...     

Potential forest biomass resource as feedstock for bioenergy and its economic value in Indonesia

Indonesia has abundant forest biomass resource, which should not be considered as a low economic value resource. This forest biomass resource can be converted into bioenergy through various technologies and it becomes one of sources in Indonesia's energy mix. This paper focuses on forest residues generated primarily from the harvesting of natural production forests and industrial forest plantations; and wood processing mill residues. The estimated total potential forest biomass in Indonesia for bioenergy in the year 2013 was 132 PJ. About 50.4% resulted from harvesting residues and 49.6% from wood processing residues. Riau province has the largest potential bioenergy followed by Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, East Java, South Sumatera, Central Java and Jambi, which all together accounted for 87% of total potential bioenergy. Moreover, three major islands accounted for 95% of total potential bioenergy. Using a conversion return approach, the economic value of forest biomass when it was pelletized was estimated to be about US$ 5.6 per ton wood residues. The economic value of forest biomass is more sensitive to changes in the price of wood pellet than to changes in the collection and hauling cost of wood residues.     

Do agroforestry technologies improve the livelihoods of the resource poor farmers? Evidence from Kasungu and Machinga districts of Malawi

Fertilizer tree technologies such as intercropping, relay cropping, improved fallows and biomass transfer have been promoted as sustainable, low-input alternative or complimentary inputs to inorganic fertilizers in Malawi. However, research into the long term effects of their adoption on household food security and poverty reduction is limited. This study examined whether these technologies contribute to rural household of subsistence farmers in terms of food security and livelihoods improvement in two districts of Malawi. The study shows that fertilizer tree technologies increase crop production and provide additional income to households through sources such as sale of agroforestry tree seed and fuelwood. The choice of the technologies is driven by the size of the land holdings and more benefits are associated with large land holdings. While fertilizer tree technologies contribute to the reduction in hunger months, this is usually compromised at the household level by the inability to achieve livelihood security, absorb and cope with shocks and overall improved welfare.     

Pigeon pea for fallow improvement in slash-and-burn systems in the hills of Laos?

Calliandra calothyrsus has been reported to have potential for agroforestry in the humid lowlands of West and Central Africa. Provenance evaluation of the species was initiated in Yaounde, Cameroon with the objective of identifying adapted provenances with desirable traits for inclusion in evaluation of the management of various agroforestry technologies being developed for the humid lowlands of the region. Fifteen provenance seed collections from Central America and southeast Asian sources were included in the trial. Results indicate that enormous genetic variation exists between these provenances. The highest yielding provenance produced 1.8 and 2.5 times, respectively, wood and leaf biomass compared to the lowest yielding provenance. Most of the provenances evaluated flowered during the first six months after establishment while all the provenances (15) flowered by the end of the first year. However, this initial flowering did not result in productive pod development and seed setting. Two years after planting, the trees were cut at a height of 0.05 m above ground level, and more than 80% of the stumps of all the provenances re-sprouted. Leaf nitrogen content ranged between 2.25% and 2.78% of dry weight. Six provenances had above average values in at least five of the six desirable traits considered i.e.: height, growth, stem development, leaf biomass, wood biomass, leaf litter productivity and total nitrogen content of leaves; these are recommended for further testing for inclusion in appropriate technologies for soil fertility improvement. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于多源数据协同作业的森林信息提取研究进展

传统森林调查手段正逐渐被激光雷达、光学遥感及卫星遥感等新兴的遥感技术所代替。随着研究的不断深入,单一遥感数据源往往难以满足高精度的森林信息提取需求。因此,文中以激光雷达为研究主体,综述摄影测量、高光谱遥感及卫星遥感等多种遥感技术在森林信息提取中不同遥感技术协同作业的研究进展。相较于单一数据源,多源数据协同作业在森林结构参数提取、生物量估测以及树种识别等领域均有明显优势。结合目前的研究工作,从数据获取成本、获取方式、多源数据融合、配套软件及系统构建等方面展望了多源数据协同作业方式的发展趋势。