梓树叶面积与生长相关性研究

对10个梓树家系叶片数、单叶叶面积、单株叶面积方差分析表明,三者均达极显著性差异。叶片数、单叶叶面积、单株叶面积与树高、胸径均达极显著的线性回归关系,即单株叶面积愈大,生长愈快。     

银杏半同胞家系叶主要功能性状及组分含量差异

【目的】筛选银杏优良叶用家系。【方法】以38个银杏半同胞家系叶片为研究对象,测定其主要功能性状（单叶干质量、单叶面积、比叶干质量）和主要功能组分（总黄酮、萜内酯、聚戊烯醇）的含量,采用主成分分析的隶属函数法综合评价38个银杏家系的叶品质,并基于叶用价值对这些家系进行聚类。【结果】不同银杏半同胞家系间叶功能性状及组分含量均存在极显著差异（P <0.01）,呈现出较高的遗传变异,变异系数为7.5%～36.3%。叶主要功能性状中单叶干质量与单叶面积、比叶干质量均呈现极显著正相关（P <0.01）;叶主要功能成分总黄酮、萜内酯、聚戊烯醇的含量间均无显著相关性（P> 0.05）;主要功能组分仅有萜内酯含量与单叶干质量、单叶面积、比叶干质量呈现极显著正相关（P <0.01）。基于主成分分析的隶属函数综合评价与聚类分析结果,筛选出较优的8个家系,表现为比叶干质量（或单叶干质量）和功能性组分含量较优。其中：18号家系的比叶干质量、叶片总黄酮含量和叶片萜内酯含量最高;16、30、34、36、39、54、65号家系单叶干质量和单叶面积最大,比叶干质量、萜内酯含量中等偏上。【结论】可...     

白花泡桐同源四倍体的诱导

将预培养不同时间的白花泡桐组培苗叶片分别放置到含有不同浓度秋水仙素的双层(液体和固体)MS NAA 0.1 mg·L-1 BA 18 mg·L-1培养基上进行染色体加倍试验,通过根尖染色体计数和叶片单细胞相对DNA含量测定进行变异植株的倍性分析.结果表明:秋水仙素浓度对叶片存活率和芽诱导的影响达到极显著水平,对四倍体诱导的影响不显著;秋水仙素处理外植体时间对四倍体诱导率影响显著,外植体预培养时间对芽诱导率和四倍体诱导率的影响达到极显著水平.在9个试验组合中,用5 mg·L-1秋水仙素处理预培养12 d白花泡桐叶片72 h时,四倍体诱导率最高可达20.0%.诱导出的四倍体植株叶片较二倍体增大、增厚,叶片单个气孔器变大,叶片气孔密度变小.     

日本栗叶面积与叶片生物量计算方法的初步研究

以6年生日本栗品种＂辽栗10号＂与＂大峰＂为试材,对其叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、单叶干重、冠幅、冠高、单株叶片生物量进行了测定。研究不同品种间叶片长宽比值和比叶面积的差异性,叶片长、叶宽和叶片长宽乘积与单叶面积的相关性以及冠幅、冠高与单株叶片生物量的相关性。结果表明：不同品种间叶片长宽比、比叶面积均无显著差异;对日本栗叶长、叶宽、叶片长宽乘积与单叶面积进行一元回归方程拟合,决定系数与修正决定系数均达极显著水平（P〈0.0001）,其中以叶片长宽乘积与单叶面积的一元二次回归方程回归效果最好,决定系数达0.987 9,修正决定系数达0.987 7;单株叶片生物量与冠幅面积和冠高的二元线性回归关系达极显著水平（P〈0.0001）,决定系数达0.997 2,修正决定系数达0.996 4。在生产上,可以通过测量冠幅面积、冠高计算出单株叶片生物量和叶面积指数,该方法操作简单,具有较高应用价值。     

提高根癌农杆菌介导的香石竹遗传转化效率的研究

以无菌苗叶片为外植体,在根癌农杆菌介导下建立并优化了香石竹5个品种的遗传转化体系。预培养2d可明显提高转化率;香石竹品种间在转化上存在差异;培养基中添加20μmol的AgNO3抑制不定芽的分化。转化植株在含25mg·L-1卡那霉素的生根培养基上培养,生根率为72 1%,GUS检测结果55%的转化植株呈蓝色,PCR扩增表明阳性率为32 2%,Southern杂交证实外源基因已整合到植物基因组中。     

野鸦椿主要经济性状遗传参数估算及优良家系选择

野鸦椿(Euscaphis japonica)12个表型优良单株的半同胞子代测定结果表明:野鸦椿表型优良单株的半同胞子代家系间在单位面积果实产量、果穗长度、穗重、单穗果数等方面存在着显著或极显著差异;果穗长度、穗重、单穗果数、单位面积果实产量4个性状家系遗传力和单株遗传力都较高,性状间有明显的线性相关。通过方差分析、相关分析和聚类分析等方法,对各初选植株半同胞子代家系间的单位面积果实产量、果穗长度、穗重以及单穗果数分析比较,从初选的12个家系中进一步选择出经济性状表现优良的N1、N2、N5、N6、S1、S2、S3等7个优良家系。     

杜仲无性系叶片含胶特性的差异及其相关性分析

为了弄清杜仲叶含胶特性的个体变异规律,为杜仲高产胶优良无性系的选择提供科学依据,采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法进行测验,含胶率的测定采用杜仲胶综合提取法.研究结果表明:不同无性系叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度、叶面积、单叶质量和叶片含胶率的差异均达到了极显著水平;叶片含胶率最高为3.23%,最低仅1.55%;杜仲无性系叶片含胶率与叶长和单叶质量的相关性达到了显著水平,而与叶宽、叶片厚度、叶形指数、叶面积的相关性均未达到显著水平,这说明无性系叶片含胶率的高低在叶片的形态方面的表现并不明显;而单叶含胶量与叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、单叶质量以及叶片含胶率的正相关关系达到了极显著水平.     

青葙组培快繁与试管内开花的研究

报道青葙组培快繁与试管内开花的研究结果。以青葙种子作为外植体成功地构建了无菌材料。当青葙无菌苗株高6cm～8cm时,可在无菌条件下将其切割成带有2节2叶的茎段并转接到追加有1.0 mg/L 6-BA和0.1mg/LNAA的增殖培养基上,经30 d左右的培养,每个茎段可在生长出1株6cm～8cm高的无菌苗,增殖系数可达3.4左右。可如此多次继代增殖,以实现青葙无菌苗的组培快繁。将青葙无菌苗植株基部1/3切除的实生苗或增殖苗分别用0.00、0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00 mg/L的ABA预处理15d然后转接到成花培养基上修改的MS培养基上(×1/20N;×5 P;追加0.5mg/L的6-BA和1.0mg/L的IBA),可成功地诱导青葙无菌苗的花芽形成,其花芽形成的频率与预处理阶段的ABA浓度有密切相关。当预处理阶段的ABA浓度为0.00、0.25、1.00和2.00mg/L时,青葙花芽形成的频率分别是0.00%、55.00%、96.00%、30.00%和13.00%。如果用同样浓度梯度的ABA将青葙无菌苗处理120 d(中途不转接),青葙无菌植株亦能开花,其花芽形成频率分别为30.9%、30.9%、67.28%、65.72%和50.00%;但这些植株花序短小,观赏价值低。长时间培养在追加有ABA培养基上的植株,或者转接到N元素含量仅有常量MS中N元素的1/20的培养基上培养的青葙植株,其叶片发黄,基部叶片脱落,将其转接到无激素的MS培养基上后,植株叶片明显转绿,可观赏期达45 d左右。     

京桃株间种子重量差异的研究

以京桃不同植株种子为材料,研究其出种率和种子重量差异,结果表明:各植株出种率均值为34.7%,变化范围在31.22%~38.46%之间,出种率高低排序依次为5号树3号树2号树1号树4号树。各植株种子重量值变化范围在2 585.0~4 852.5 g之间,平均值为3 650.9 g,最高为最低的1.9倍,种子重量大小排序依次为2号树5号树3号树1号树4号树;经方差分析和F检验,株间种子重量差异极显著(F0.01=2 659**),立地环境与气候条件基本一致,株间遗传性不同是差异产生的主要因素。     

藤椒少刺优良无性系皮刺及结实特性对比分析

本研究以选育的藤椒少刺优良无性系‘丹林1号’和‘丹林2号’为试材,系统对比了枝刺、叶刺及结实特性。结果表明:(1)‘丹林1号’和‘丹林2号’皮刺数、皮刺宽、皮刺长宽比均与对照CK差异显著,两者之间差异不显著,枝条皮刺数分别比CK减少72.72%、70.91%;‘丹林1号’、‘丹林2号’和CK皮刺长、皮刺间距三者之间差异显著,刺间距分别比CK增加81.14%、37.96%。(2)‘丹林1号’和‘丹林2号’复叶小叶数以3片居多,叶片及叶轴均无刺,CK复叶小叶以5片为主,具细小叶刺。(3)‘丹林1号’、‘丹林2号’和CK之间果穗长和果穗宽差异显著,其中‘丹林2号’果穗长和果穗宽最大,分别为12.54 cm、7.87 cm;‘丹林1号’和‘丹林2号’果穗均无刺,平均果粒数为98~101粒之间,与CK差异显著。     

Effects of Culture Media and Light Intensity on in vitro Growth of Oncidium under CO2 Enrichment Condition

The effects of culture media and light intensity on in vitro growth of Oncidium ‘Aloha Iwanga‘ were investigated under CO2 enrichment condition. Height, fresh and dry weight of the Oncidium seedlings were measured, and the leaf number per plant, shoot number per plant, leaf width and leaf chlorophyll content were also investigated. The results were as follows: 1) The seedling height, fresh and dry weight, leaf number per plant, leaf width and leaf chlorophyll content of the shoots growing on MS complete culture medium were higher than those on 1/2MS, VW and 1/2VW media. The root number per plant and ratio of dry matter of the seedlings cultured on 1/2MS and 1/2VW media were higher than those on MS and VW; 2) The seedling height, flesh weight, dry weight, dry matter ratio and leaf chlorophyll content, leaf length, leaf width, root length, leaf number per plant, root number per plant of seedlings of Oncidium growing under 4 500 lx and 1 700 lx were higher than those under 750 lx. However, there was no significant difference in those growth parameters mentioned above while dealing with 4 500 lx and 1 700 lx except for the seedling height. Nevertheless, the leaf color of plants under 4 500 lx was lighter and the leaves of the lower parts became yellowish in comparison with those growing under 1 700 lx.     

金线莲栽培基质筛选试验

以福建金线莲组培生根苗为材料,研究泥炭土、珍珠岩、腐殖土和园土4种栽培基质对其成活率和生长的影响,结果表明,泥炭土基质最适宜金线莲生长,其30 d移栽成活率为90.33%,60 d平均株高6.34 cm,每株鲜重2.56 g。     

Early growth differentiation among Prosopis flexuosa D.C. provenances from the Monte phytogeographic province,Argentina

Early-growth differentiation among seven provenances of Prosopis flexuosa (algarrobo dulce) from the Monte phytogeographic province, Argentina, was studied by comparing their height growth; whole-seedling dry mass gain; allocation to root, stem and leaves; leaf number and leaf area in a common garden. Differentiation among provenances was detected for all the seedling characters examined except leaf number. Family variation within provenances was significant for height growth and leaf number. Variation on the provenance level was related to the elevation, geographic location, and some abiotic conditions of the seed source such as mean annual temperature and frost free period. Latitudinal clines were evident for almost all the growth traits. They were more pronounced for height and aboveground mass, and moderate for total plant mass and leaf area per plant. In addition, a good correspondence in growth traits between young seedlings and older trees of this species (studied by others authors) was also assessed. This fact would permit an early selection and genetic advances in the short term in breeding programs.     

Effects of water stress on growth,dry matter allocation and water-use efficiency of a leguminous species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sophora davidii</Emphasis>

The adaptation responses to different water conditions and the drought tolerance of Sophora davidii seedlings were assessed in a greenhouse experiment. Two-month-old seedlings were subjected to the following water supplies for 95 days: 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20% of field water capacity. The seedlings at 100% FC had the greatest productivity, height, basal diameter, branch number, leaf number and leaf area. Water supply <80% FC was the threshold of drought-initiated negative effects on seedling growth, yield and physiological processes; these parameters were severely reduced at 20% FC, however, there was no plant death during the experiment. Moreover, water stress decreased leaf relative water content, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and water-use efficiency (WUE), whereas it increased the biomass allocation to roots, which resulted in a higher root:stem mass ratio under drought. The S. davidii seedlings tolerated drought by maintaining high leaf relative water content and by reducing branching and leaf expansion. However, low productivity and WUE at 20% FC suggested that seedlings did not produce high biomass under severe drought. Therefore, prior to introducing S. davidii in forestation efforts, a water supply >40% FC is recommended for seedlings to maintain growth and productivity. These results provide insights into limitations and opportunities for establishment of S. davidii in arid regions.     

路易斯安娜鸢尾组培和苗期生长规律初步研究

以路易斯安娜鸢尾顶芽为外植体,利用不同激素配比诱导不定芽,定期测量组培苗株高、蓬径、主茎长和叶片数,观察组培苗的染色体数、叶片结构和开花性状等。结果表明:路易斯安娜鸢尾顶芽诱导率最高的培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1+NAA 0.5 mg.L-1,产生有效生产苗最多的培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg.L-1+NAA 0.2 mg.L-1,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg.L-1+活性碳0.5 g.L-1。2年生组培苗平均株高达到71.6 cm,平均蓬径达到60.9 cm,叶片维持在6~12片,冬季仍有绿叶。组培苗染色体个数、叶片通气组织、开花性状等均与母株一致,表明路易斯安娜鸢尾组培苗可保持其母株的观赏性状和水生习性,可通过组培快速繁殖大规模生产优质种苗。     

红锥1.5代种子园半同胞子代苗期生长差异分析

对苗圃中种植的红锥1.5代种子园中采集到的34个半同胞子代家系的株高、地径、叶片数量、光合能力（SPAD法）、叶片长度、叶片宽度和叶面积等7个表型进行测定,并计算叶片长宽比,结果表明：15个月生红锥的平均株高为47.2cm,株高平均变异系数为25.4%,平均地径为5.4mm,地径平均变异系数为20.7%,平均叶片数量为55.3片,平均SPAD值为38.2,平均叶片长度、叶片宽度和叶面积分别为9.0cm、2.5cm和14.3cm2,平均叶片长宽比为3.6。方差分析的结果显示8个生长表型在不同家系间均存在显著差异。通过苗期株高、地径的综合评价,参考其生长量的变异系数,共筛选出4个苗期表现优良的红锥家系,分别为A02、A08、A15和A31。     

阿月浑子杂种幼胚培养技术的研究

以阿月浑子杂种果实和人工授粉后120d的杂种幼胚为试材,对杂种果实生长发育规律及幼胚培养进行了研究,探讨了冷藏处理时间、不同光照条件和培养时间对幼胚萌发和成苗的影响。结果表明:阿月浑子人工授粉80d后,单果鲜重和PF值仅为1.27g和0.24;授粉后100d,单果鲜重和PF值为1.57g和0.43;授粉后120d,单果鲜重和PF值为2.81g和0.80;3种冷藏处理中,以冷藏处理90d时幼胚萌发及生长效果最好,幼胚萌率为91.67%,平均真叶数为6.09个,平均苗高为4.14cm;在培养方式上,以黑暗处理后培养20d效果最好,幼胚萌发率为86.67%,平均真叶数为5.38,平均苗高为4.23cm。     

Effects of shading and removal of plant parts on growth of Trema micrantha seedlings

Effects of artificial shading and removal of plant parts on growth of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Ulmaceae) seedlings were studied. Seedlings were grown in pots in a greenhouse in 45, 30, 10.6, 4.8 and 1.8% of full sunlight. Shading for 60 days had no effect on survival, but it influenced all growth parameters measured. Total biomass decreased with decreasing irradiance, reflecting reductions in dry mass of leaves, stems and roots. In response to shading, allocation of biomass to leaves increased, while allocation of biomass to roots decreased. Specific leaf area, leaf area ratio and leaf mass ratio increased with decreasing irradiance. Decreases in relative growth rate were caused by reductions in net assimilation rate rather than leaf area ratio. Photosynthetic efficiency, as determined by the Fv/Fm ratio (Fv = variable fluorescence, Fm = maximal fluorescence), was unaffected by the shading treatments. Partial removal of leaves, stem or roots did not affect seedling survival. Seedlings responded to removal of plant parts by compensatory growth. Topophysis was observed when the apex was removed: the lateral buds developed only as new plagiotropic lateral shoots; consequently, the decapitated plant ceased height growth and was unable to compete with its neighbors for light.     

6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.     

柚木组培苗移植技术研究

对柚木组培苗进行炼苗时间、生根剂浸泡、基质营养及根外施肥等方面研究，并对移植成活率和植后生长情况进行测定。结果表明：筛选出最大成活率及有利于植后高生长的参试指标分别是炼苗时间为20-30天；生根浸泡液为IBA100mg/L IAA100mg/L NAA50mg/L；基质营养为每100kg土中加挪威复合肥15-30g、磷肥25-35g、钾肥30-60g。实现上述参试指标，组培苗移植成活率可达96%，植后第一个月苗高生长可达7.6cm。在基质营养不足时，追施2-5g/L尿素和挪威复合肥可使苗高生长提高2倍。