不同佐剂免疫原对猪旋毛虫病的免疫保护作用比较研究

采用７ 日龄旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原与弗氏完全佐剂（ＦＣＡ） 、白油司班佐剂、ＩＳＡ２０６佐剂和蜂胶佐剂乳化制备免疫原，对试验猪腹腔注射免疫３ 次，每次间隔７ｄ ，每头猪的免疫剂量为０５ｍｇ。最后一次免疫后７ｄ 攻击感染旋毛虫肌幼虫２００ 条／ｋｇ 体重。于感染后第３５ｄ 和第１２０ｄ 剖杀试验猪，用消化法检查计算每克肌肉的荷虫数。结果４ 种佐剂免疫猪肌幼虫的减虫率分别为９６１２ ％ 、８７９７ ％ 、８９８４ ％ 和９５１５ ％ ，其中以ＦＣＡ 和蜂胶佐剂免疫组的保护作用最好。表明４ 种佐剂均具有免疫增强作用，而蜂胶佐剂在乳化程序、注射、价格及免疫增强作用等方面都优于其它佐剂，更具有开发应用前景。     

牛流行热不同佐剂疫苗的比较试验

用福氏完全佐剂、白油司盘佐剂和ＱｕｉｌＡ佐剂配制的亚单位疫苗和灭活疫苗对牛进行免疫试验结果说明，用ＱｕｉｌＡ佐剂配制的疫苗在增强免疫效果和降低接种反应上均明显优于其它两种佐剂配制的疫苗．     

不同佐剂免疫原对猪施毛虫病的免疫保护作用比较研究

采用７日龄旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原与弗氏完全佐剂，白油－司班佐剂，ＩＳＡ２０６佐剂和蜂胶佐剂乳化制备免疫原，对试验猪腹腔注射免疫３次，每次间隔７ｄ，每头猪的免疫剂量为０．５ｍｇ。最后一次免疫后７ｄ攻击感染旋毛虫肌虫２００条／ｋｇ体重。于感染后第３５ｄ和第１２０ｄ剖杀试验猪，用消化法检查计算每克肌肉的荷虫数。     

牛流行热不同佐剂疫苗的比较试验

用福氏完全佐剂、白油司盘佐剂和ＱｕｉｌＡ佐剂配制的亚单位疫苗和灭活疫苗对牛进行免疫试验结果说明，用ＱｕｉｌＡ佐剂配制的疫苗在增强免疫效果和降低接种反应上均明显优于其它两左剂配制的疫苗。     

猪旋毛虫病免疫方法的研究

本试验比较了３日龄及７日龄旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原的免疫原性，比较了不同佐剂对免疫效果的影响，观察了不同免疫途径对免疫效果的影响及疫苗的免疫持续期。结果表明，３日龄及７日龄成虫可溶性抗原免疫猪所诱导产生的免疫力接近，说明免疫原性基本一致。以白油—司班佐剂乳化抗原的免疫效果优于弗氏完全佐剂（ＦＣＡ）乳化抗原，其减虫率分别为８６．３乏％与７０．２２％２而且白油—司班佐剂苗的粘稠度适中，便于注射。免疫途径对免疫效果的影响，以成虫可溶性抗原经腹腔注射（ＩＰ）的免疫效果优于肌肉注射（ＩＭ）。疫苗保存于４℃６个月不影响其免疫效力。猪免疫接种成虫可溶性抗原疫苗后免疫持续期至少６个月。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病—新城疫二联峰胶灭活苗的研制

用自行分离鉴定的鸡法氏囊病病毒（ＤＦＣ３Ｖ株）与Ｉ型标准毒株（Ｄ７８株）和新城疫病毒（ＬａＳｏｔａ株）联合研制的蜂胶灭活苗,经实验室和田间试验证明,雏鸡肌肉或皮下注射０．５ｍｌ／只,注后７天产生免疫抗体,攻毒后保护率为６０％,注后１４天功玫毒保护率为１００％,免疫后１８０天,攻毒保护率为８０％,本苗与白油佐剂苗免疫效力对比试验结果表明,蜂胶佐剂苗免疫效和产生白油佐剂苗为快而持久,该苗保存于４～８℃     

提纯的马立克氏病肿瘤相关表面抗的在鸡体内的免疫应答

应用本瓜蛋白酶消化法，从马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）人工感染鸡的淋巴细胞瘤表面提取马立克氏病相关肿瘤表面抗原（ＭＡＴＳＡ）。所获得的抗原与从肿瘤细胞表面洗脱的抗ＭＡＴＳＡ抗体在ＥＬＩＳＡ中呈阳性反应。将这种抗原与白油佐剂乳化，给２０日龄鸡肌注免疫３次，应用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ对被免疫鸡的ＭＡＴＳＡ抗体进行了监测。结果表明，免疫前正常鸡的血清中无ＭＡＴＳＡ抗体存在，而用这种抗原免疫后１０天即可形成抗体应答，Ｅ     

抗IBDV独特型抗体疫苗的制备与应用

应用提取纯化的抗ＩＢＤＶＩｇＧ免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取其脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０细胞在ＰＥＧ作用下融合，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测筛选，经有限稀释法克隆２次，获得２株（２Ｂ６株，５Ｆ４株）分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，其能诱生ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠产生高效价的含抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体的腹水。用此独特型抗体分别与福氏完全佐剂、福氏不完全佐剂按１∶１比例乳化制备成抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体疫苗，免疫接种ＳＰＦ鸡和普通京白公鸡，然后用ＩＢＤＶ野毒株经点眼和滴鼻方式攻毒，保护率分别为８／８、１４／１４，从而证实抗独特型抗体疫苗有潜在的研究和应用价值。     

仔鸡新城疫免疫程序的比较试验

依据ＨＩ抗体水平的检测和攻毒试验，比较了雏鸡新城疫免疫程序的效果。４种程序免疫的雏鸡５０日龄对强毒攻击均得到完全保护。对有一定母原ＨＩ抗体水平雏鸡，于孵出出后次日用Ⅱ系疫苗加灭活油佐剂疫苗免疫或４倍剂量Ⅱ系疫苗免疫，均优于仅用油佐剂苗免疫或１０日龄和２０日龄用Ⅱ系疫苗次免疫。     

刍油佐剂的选择与乳化机频率的确定

目前，禽流感的防控主要依靠灭活疫苗免疫接种，而白油佐剂被广泛的应用在禽用灭活疫苗的生产中，白油佐剂的质量也直接影响着疫苗的免疫效果，劣质矿物油甚至能造成鸡群的生产性能下降、发病和死亡，而优质的佐剂可以保证疫苗的质量稳定，使鸡群产生较高的抗体，形成较长的保护期，且注射方便省力。     

猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗免疫佐剂的比较试验

以猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)遗传标记毒株为毒种,经细胞培养传代,优化了病毒增殖条件,获得较高滴度的病毒培养物用于PCV2灭活疫苗的研制。为了比较不同免疫佐剂的效果,本试验对国产矿物质白油和铝胶两种佐剂以及赛比克公司提供的MONTANIDETMISA206、ISA15VG、IMS1315VG3种佐剂配制的灭活疫苗进行了猪体免疫试验。通过临床观察、血清抗体效价测定,确认ISA15VG佐剂配制的疫苗在增强免疫效果方面优于其它佐剂。按5种佐剂免疫效果排序为ISA15VG、IMS1315VG、铝胶、ISA206、国产白油。ISA15VG佐剂属于水包油剂型,可刺激接种动物产生快速免疫应答反应,抗体产生效价高、持续时间长,有可能成为新型PCV2灭活疫苗佐剂的候选。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒LN01/08株灭活疫苗的研制

为研制牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)灭活疫苗,本研究以国内分离鉴定的IBRV LN01/08株为种毒,优化病毒增殖条件,获得病毒滴度达108.0TCID50/mL,将其灭活制备疫苗.为比较不同免疫佐剂的效果,分别以矿物质白油和Montanide ISA206佐剂配制灭活疫苗,进行牛体免疫试验.临床观察和血清中和抗体检测结果表明,Montanide ISA206佐剂乳化的疫苗在降低副反应和增强免疫效果方面优于矿物质白油佐剂.应用Montanide ISA206佐剂制备3批灭活疫苗,并对其安全性和免疫保护效果进行测定.结果表明该疫苗安全可靠,对强毒攻击可产生较好的抵抗力,攻毒保护率达80%.疫苗在2℃～8℃保存12个月后仍能保持良好的免疫效果.     

三种佐剂对鸡体液免疫影响的比较

佐剂是疫苗的重要组成部分,不同佐剂对体液免疫会产生不同的作用.选择合适的佐剂不仅可以增强疫苗的免疫效果,而且可以提高机体的抵抗力.本试验选用白油佐剂、弗氏佐剂和蜂胶佐剂分别与灭活的新城疫病毒制成疫苗,免疫雏鸡,探讨不同佐剂对鸡体液免疫的影响.结果表明,试验组鸡抗体水平高,饲养至61日龄均未发生新城疫,其中弗氏佐剂的效果最好,蜂胶佐剂的效果次之,油佐剂的效果最次.     

猪丹毒丝菌灭活疫苗免疫佐剂的筛选

旨在筛选适宜于猪丹毒丝菌灭活疫苗的佐剂。以分离鉴定出的猪丹毒丝菌1a型HG-1株灭活菌体为抗原分别配制矿物油佐剂疫苗（简称矿物油疫苗）、氢氧化铝胶佐剂疫苗（简称铝胶疫苗）、ISA201双相油乳佐剂疫苗（简称ISA201疫苗）、GEL02水溶性聚合物佐剂疫苗（简称GEL疫苗）、IMS1313水溶性纳米佐剂疫苗（简称IMS1313疫苗）共5种佐剂的灭活疫苗。小鼠免疫保护试验结果表明,二免14 d后使用约为4 LD₅₀的HG-1株对小鼠进行腹腔攻毒,矿物油疫苗和GEL疫苗的保护率分别为100%（7/7）和71%（5/7）,其他三种佐剂疫苗的保护率均为14%（1/7）。本研究进一步选择铝胶疫苗和GEL疫苗进行猪体对比试验;仔猪安全性试验结果表明,两种佐剂疫苗的副反应均较小;免疫保护试验结果表明,两次免疫后使用约为16 LD₁₀₀的HG-1株对免疫仔猪进行耳缘静脉攻毒,两种佐剂疫苗的保护率分别为60%（3/5）和100%（5/5）。本研究最终选择GEL佐剂作为开发猪丹毒灭活疫苗的最适佐剂。     

Development of a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine based on ginseng stem-leaf saponins as an immune booster

There has been an increasing interest in finding new formulations that qualify as vaccine adjuvants, which must be safe, stable, and have the capacity to stimulate a strong immune response. In this study, a basic formulation of a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) adjuvant CV13 was developed, and ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) were added as an immune booster into oil phase. The physicochemical properties of the adjuvant were tested. Furthermore, the immune activity and the adjuvant effects, as indicated by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen were evaluated. The results showed that CV13 was similar in appearance to ISA 206 and could package FMDV antigen into a stable W/O/W emulsion. The FMD vaccine prepared with CV13 alone or CV13 containing GSLS achieved pharmaceutical characteristics comparable to a vaccine prepared with ISA 206, moreover the structural stability of the CV 13 vaccine was found to be better. Mice that were immunized with the FMD vaccine prepared with CV13 containing GSLS presented a significantly higher LPBE antibody titer and splenocyte proliferation rate than those immunized with a vaccine prepared with CV13 alone (p < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups that were immunized with FMD vaccine prepared with CV13 containing GSLS and ISA206 in terms of cellular and humoral immune response. In this paper, CV13 containing GSLS shows excellent immunologic adjuvant effect in mice model, and this new adjuvant may provide a potential choice for FMD vaccine production in the future.     

山羊痘灭活疫苗免疫保护试验

将山羊痘GT4-STV42-56种毒在犊牛睾丸细胞上繁殖,收获毒液,用0.1%甲醛溶液灭活,加适量206佐剂,制成山羊痘油佐剂灭活疫苗.将疫苗以不同剂量皮下免疫接种不同种群的山羊.免疫后21 d,用AV40株强毒进行攻毒保护试验.结果显示,免疫剂量达0.5 mL时,疫苗对内蒙绒山羊的保护率为100%,对广西黑山羊的保护率为80%.实验表明,山羊痘灭活疫苗对山羊的免疫效果确实可靠.     

Montanide IMS 1313 N VG PR nanoparticle adjuvant enhances antigen-specific immune responses to profilin following mucosal vaccination against Eimeria acervulina

This study investigated protection against Eimeria acervulina (E. acervulina) following vaccination of chickens with an Eimeria recombinant profilin in conjunction with different adjuvants, or by changing the route of administration of the adjuvants. Day-old broilers were immunized twice with profilin emulsified in Montanide IMS 1313 N VG PR adjuvant (oral, nasal, or ocular routes), Montanide ISA 71 VG adjuvant (subcutaneous route), or Freund's adjuvant (subcutaneous route) and orally challenged with virulent E. acervulina parasites. Birds orally immunized with profilin plus IMS 1313 N VG PR, or subcutaneously immunized with profilin plus ISA 71 VG, had increased body weight gains compared with animals nasally or ocularly immunized with profilin plus IMS 1313 N VG PR, or subcutaneously immunized with profilin plus Freund's adjuvant. All adjuvant formulations, except for IMS 1313 N VG PR given by the nasal or ocular routes, decreased fecal parasite excretion and/or reduced intestinal lesions, compared with non-vaccinated and infected controls. Compared with animals vaccinated with profilin plus Freund's adjuvant, chickens immunized with profilin plus IMS 1313 N VG PR or ISA 71 VG showed higher post-infection intestinal levels of profilin-reactive IgY and secretary IgA antibodies. Finally, immunization with profilin in combination with ISA 71 VG was consistently better than profilin plus IMS 1313 N VG PR or Freund's adjuvant for increasing the percentages of CD4(+), CD8(+), BU1(+), TCR1(+), and TCR2(+) intestinal lymphocytes. These results indicate that experimental immunization of chickens with the recombinant profilin subunit vaccine in conjunction with IMS 1313 or ISA 71 VG adjuvants increases protective mucosal immunity against E. acervulina infection.     

Laboratory trials with inactivated vaccines against Escherichia coli (O2:K1) infection in fowls.

Laboratory trials were carried out with an O2:K1 vaccine prepared with either the Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant. Both types of vaccine administered subcutaneously were highly effective against a challenge with the vaccine strain within three to four weeks after vaccination at two to three weeks of age. The complete adjuvant vaccine was more effective than the incomplete adjuvant vaccine when administered to chickens of an earlier age, and in the rate of development and duration of immunity. The efficacy of both vaccines was unimpaired by their incorporation with the Newcastle disease oil adjuvant (inactivated) vaccine (Newcadin). The use of an oil adjuvant vaccine was not found to affect the rate of growth adversely or to produce any other reaction prejudicial to its commerical application. The efficacy of the vaccines was unimpaired by their incorporation with Newcastle disease oil adjuvant (inactivated) vaccine (Newcadin) thus demonstrating the possibility of producing a combined Escherichia coli/Newcastle disease virus vaccine.     

鸡毒支原体两种油佐剂灭活疫苗的安全与效力比较试验

本研究选择ISA 775 VG佐剂和Marcol-52白油佐剂制备鸡毒支原体灭活疫苗（R株）,对其物理性状、安全性和效力进行比较试验.结果表明：两种佐剂制备的疫苗物理性状良好;ISA 775 VG佐剂疫苗粘度比Marcol-52白油佐剂疫苗低;Marcol-52白油佐剂疫苗安全性优于ISA 775 VG佐剂疫苗;气囊损伤保护率ISA 775 VG佐剂疫苗为100％,Marcol-52白油佐剂疫苗组为79.81％.     

猪捷申病毒Swine/CH/IMH/03株免疫原性的研究

为确定猪捷申病毒(Porcine Teschovirus,PTV)Swine/CH/IMH/03株免疫原性,本研究将该PTV分离株灭活后分别与氢氧化铝佐剂和Montanide ISA 50V2佐剂混合,制成油佐剂疫苗,并采用不同免疫程序接种实验猪后对病毒抗体进行检测。抗体检测结果表明:PTV Swine/CH/IMH/03分离株能够诱导实验动物产生较高抗体水平,并显著高于对照组;与氢氧化铝佐剂混合制成的佐剂疫苗免疫效果优于Montanide ISA 50V2佐剂;而且一次免疫组与二次免疫组没有明显差异。通过PTV Swine/CH/IMH/03株免疫原性的研究,为后续猪捷申病的预防工作提供技术支持。