高产、优质杂交中粳六优121的特征特性及栽培技术要点

六优１２１系安徽省农科院水稻所与安徽省种子公司合作育成的杂交中粳稻。１９９６年被评为安徽省优质米 ,１９９８年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该组合自１９９９年起在安徽、江苏、河南等省的沿淮、淮北示范、推广 ,表现出优质、高产、抗病性强、易栽培、农艺性状好 ,稻米外观品质优于８０优１２１,透明度好 ,食味佳。现已成为沿淮、淮北稻区的主推品种 ,具有广泛的应用前景。现将该组合的特征特性及其栽培技术要点概述如下。一、产量表现该组合１９９５～１９９６年参加安徽省中粳稻区试 ,平均产量５２９．３ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ …     

80优121

８０优１２１系安徽省农科院水稻所用该省选育的不育系８０—４Ａ与光身稻恢复系ＨＰ１２１配组于１９９１年育成的超高产亚亚种杂交中熟粳稻组合。１产量表现１９９２年参加安徽省中粳预试，平均亩产５０３ｋｇ，居第一位。１９９３年参加安徽省中粳区试，平均亩产５５８ｋｇ，比常规对照８３—Ｄ增产１２．１７％，达极显著水平。１９９４年同步参加省区试和生产试验，一般亩产５５０ｋｇ左右，高的可达７００ｋｇ。１９９３年在涡阳县示范，平均亩产高达７１０．７ｋｇ，比常规对照中粳增产２０％左右。２主要特征特性作中稻栽培，一般株…     

80优9号高产制种技术总结

８０优９号系安徽省农科院水稻所育成的三系杂交晚粳，１９９４年通过安徽省品种审定，适宜在长江流域作双季晚稻或瓜茬稻种植。１９９１年我省成立了８０优９号制种高产技术攻关协作组，确立了调节花期全遇技术、增加父母本有效穗和提高异交结实率等三大攻关目标，通过试...     

杂交中粳新组合六优121

杂交中粳组合六优１２１ 具有产量高、米质优、抗病、抗倒伏等特点。１９９８ 年５ 月通过安徽省品种审定。     

80优9号

８０优９号系安徽省农科院水稻所用不育系８０—４Ａ与恢复系皖恢９号配组于１９８８年育成的早熟晚粳杂交组合。１９９４年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定。１产量表现１９９１年参加安徽省粳杂双晚区试，平均亩产４０５．１ｋｇ，较对照鄂宜１０５增产６．１％；１９９４年平均亩产３８４．３ｋｇ，较对照鄂宜１０５增产２．７５％；同年参加双晚组生产试验，平均亩产４０１．７ｋｇ，较对照鄂宜１０５增产１２．０２％。目前在安徽省已累计种植１０万多亩，一般比当地对照品种增产１０％以上。庐江县１９９３年种植１万亩，平均亩产…     

优质高产抗病杂交中籼新组合两优6919的选育与应用

两优6919系安徽省宣城市农业科学研究所用自主选育的宣69S与恢复系m19配组育成的两系杂交中籼新组合,具有高产、优质、抗病性较强等特点,适合安徽省作一季中稻种植,2013年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

高产杂交中籼稻新组合协优52的选育与应用

协优52系安徽省农科院水稻研究所用不育系协青早A与强优恢复系OM052配组选育而成的杂交中籼稻新组合,具有早熟、产量高、适应性广等特点,适宜在安徽省及长江中下游地区作一季中稻栽培。2006年1月通过安徽省农作物品种审定,审定登记名称:皖稻193号,审定编号:06010506。     

高产优质杂交晚籼新组合65优052的选育与应用

65优052系安徽省农科院水稻研究所用不育系65A与强优恢复系OM052配组选育而成的杂交晚籼新组合,具有早熟、高产、米质较优、适应性广等特点,适宜在安徽省及长江中下游地区作晚稻种植,2012年6月通过安徽省农作物品种审定,审定编号为皖稻2012018。     

早熟晚粳杂交组合80优9号

早熟晚粳杂交组合８０优９号８０Ｙｏｕ９，ａｎｅａｒｌｙ－ｍａｔｕｒｉｎｇｌａｔｅｊａｐｏｎｉｃａｈｙｂｒｉｄｒｉｃｅ汪新国（安徽省种子公司２３０００１）８０优９号系安徽省农科院水稻所用不育系８０—４Ａ与恢复系皖恢９号配组，于１９８８年育成的早熟晚粳杂...     

籼型两系不育系191S选育与应用

191S系安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所以1892S为母本,与2M191（蜀恢527/9311 F6）杂交,经5 a 7代选择育成的籼型两系不育系。该不育系叶色较深,叶片内卷,株型紧凑,分蘖力中等,茎秆较粗,抗倒伏性好,不育起点温度低,异交结实率高。2015年8月通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定。以191S为母本所配制的优质、高产籼型两系杂交稻新组合两优1976和两优1999分别于2020年通过安徽省品种审定委员会审定。     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).