新疆棉铃虫性信息素腺体提取物的分析鉴定

运用毛细柱气相色谱（ＧＣ）和气相色谱质谱联用仪（ＧＣＭＳ）分析了新疆棉铃虫（Ｈｅｌｉｃｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ）雌蛾性信息素腺体的提取物,并从腺体提取物中鉴定出了４个组分：Ｚ１１１６∶ＡＬＤ,Ｚ９１６∶ＡＬＤ,１６∶ＡＬＤ和Ｚ１１１６∶ＯＨ。用触角电位（ＥＡＧ）对４个组分进行测试,结果表明：Ｚ１１１６∶ＡＬＤ,Ｚ９１６∶ＡＬＤ和Ｚ１１１６∶ＯＨ有明显的ＥＡＧ反应;１６∶ＡＬＤ的ＥＡＧ反应值较小。在相同方法条件下,还分析测定了新疆、山西两地棉铃虫腺体提取物中各组分相对比例的差异,结果显示：１６∶ＡＬＤ的相对比例新疆（１０．０８％）高于山西（５．７０％）;而Ｚ９１６∶ＡＬＤ的相对比例新疆（４．６８％）低于山西（９．８５％）;Ｚ１１１６∶ＯＨ的相对比例在两地无明显差异。     

棉铃虫雄性信息素的研究Ⅳ．棉铃虫触角对雌、雄性信息素组分的EAG反应

采用触角电位技术研究了棉铃虫触角对其雌雄两性主要信息素组分的反应。结果表明：雄蛾触角的ＥＡＧ反应明显地高于雌蛾触角；在所测定的各种化合物中，雄蛾对雌性信息素主要组分产生最为强烈的ＥＡＧ反应；在０．００００４～４０μｇ范围内，雄蛾时主要雌性信息素成分Ｚ９－１６：Ａｌｄ和Ｚ１１－１６：Ａｌｄ以５：９５的比例配制成的二元组分产生的ＥＡＧ反应与浓度呈正相关；向含二元组分的滤纸片上加入不同浓度的Ｚ１１－１６：ＯＨ，使雄蛾触角的ＥＡＧ反应明显降低，其反应幅度介于二元组分与Ｚ１１－１６：ＯＨ之间；对雄蛾触角用Ｚ１１－１６：ＯＨ持续刺激，刺激过程对二元组分的反应降低，取消刺激后在５ｍｉｎ之内对二元组分的反应未恢复到用Ｚ１１－１６：ＯＨ刺激之前的水平。     

硝苯地平控释片对无痛性心肌缺血病人左心功能的影响

目的：观察硝苯地平控释片（Ｎｉｆ－ＣＲ）治疗无痛性心肌缺血（ＳＭＩ）时对左心功能的影响,方法：３６例ＳＭＩ患者采用Ｎｉｆ－ＣＲ２０ｍｇ,口服,ｑ１２ｈ×３周。结果：（１）舒张压从（１２．５±２．３）ｋＰａ下降至（９．７±２．３）ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）;缺血型ＳＴ段压低明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）核素心功能检测示治疗后ＬＶＥＦ、ＳＶ、ＥＲ、ＰＦＲ和ＲＣＯ均显著改善（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。（３）治疗后ＰＲＡ,和ＡｎｇⅡ水平降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：Ｎｉｆ－ＣＲ的持久血药浓度对ＳＭＩ患者可改善心功能,降低血压     

内毒素诱导的山羊红细胞膜和肝线粒体膜Ca~(2 )-ATP酶活性的改变及654-2的保护作用

通过静脉注射的方法研究了大肠杆菌内毒素（ＥＴ）对山羊红细胞膜和肝粒体膜损伤的膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的变化及６５４－２（山莨菪碱）的保护效应．结果表明,ＥＴ处理组（Ⅱ组）在１ｈ,３ｈ红细胞膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性高于对照组（Ⅰ组）（ｐ＜００５）,５ｈ有下降趋势且持续到９ｈ．１２ｈ开始回升并低于Ⅰ组（ｐ＜００１,ｐ＜００５）．６５４－２处理组（Ⅲ组）,Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性除在９ｈ、１２ｈ与Ⅰ组,在３ｈ与Ⅱ组差异不显著（ｐ＞００５）外,均高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组（ｐ＜００１,ｐ＜００５）．在肝线粒体中,Ⅱ组Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性在５ｈ、１２ｈ均低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组（ｐ＜００５,ｐ＜００１）,Ⅲ组Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性均高于Ⅰ组,但１２ｈ与Ⅰ组差异不显著（ｐ＞００５）．结果提示,ＥＴ具有诱导膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性先激活后顿抑的效应,而６５４－２有明显保护膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的作用．     

亚硝酸盐和氨对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性

本文研究了ＮＯ２＾－Ｎ与ＮＨ３－Ｎ对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性作用，分别给出了ＮＯ２％－－Ｎ与ＮＨ３－Ｎ对罗氏沼虾Ｚ５、Ｚ７与Ｚ９的２４ｈ、４８ｈ、７２ｈ、９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０值，提出ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ对Ｚ５、Ｚ７和Ｚ９的安全浓主工分别为０．６４，１．３８和１．６８ｍｇ／ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎｔ（ＮＨ３－Ｎｍ（的安全浓度分别为２．０４（０．２８７），２．２６（０．３１８）和２．５５（０．３５８）ｍｇ／ｌ。Ｚ５与Ｚ７分别经     

亚硝酸盐和氨对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性

本文研究了ＮＯ２＾－Ｎ与ＮＨ３－Ｎ对罗氏沼虾幼体的毒性作用，分别给出了ＮＯ２％－－Ｎ与ＮＨ３－Ｎ对罗氏沼虾Ｚ５、Ｚ７与Ｚ９的２４ｈ、４８ｈ、７２ｈ、９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０值，提出ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ对Ｚ５、Ｚ７和Ｚ９的安全浓主工分别为０．６４，１．３８和１．６８ｍｇ／ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎｔ（ＮＨ３－Ｎｍ（的安全浓度分别为２．０４（０．２８７），２．２６（０．３１８）和２．５５（０．３５８）ｍｇ／ｌ。Ｚ５与Ｚ７分别经     

棉铃虫雄性信息素的研究

采用触角电位技术研究了棉铃虫触角对其雌雄两性主要信息素组分的反应，结果表明Ｌ雄蛾触角的ＥＡＧ反应明显地高于雌蛾触角；在所测定的各种化俣物中，雄蛾对雌性信息素主要组分产生最为强烈的ＥＡＧ反应；在０．００００４－４０μｇ范围内，雄蛾对主要雌性信息素成分Ｚ９－１６：Ａｌｄ和Ｚ１１－１６：Ａｌｄ以５：９５的比例配制成的二元组分产生的ＥＡＧ反应与浓度呈正相关；向含元组分的滤纸片上加入不同浓度的Ｚ１１－１６；     

不同类型表面活性剂对肌酸激酶活力影响研究

本文系统地研究了阴离子Ｃ１２Ｈ２５ＳＯ４Ｎａ（Ｃ１２Ｓ），Ｃ１２Ｈ２５（ＯＣ２Ｈ４）７ＳＯ４Ｎａ（Ｃ１２Ｅ７Ｓ）、阳离子Ｃ１２Ｈ２５Ｎ（ＣＨ３）３．Ｂｒ（Ｃ１２ＮＭｅ３）和非离子Ｃ８Ｈ１７．Ｃ６Ｈ４．（ＯＣ２Ｈ４）１０ＯＨ（ＴＸ－１００）表面活性剂对肌酸激酶（Ｃ．Ｋ．）活力的影响以及变性后的复性，结果表明，Ｃ１２Ｅ７Ｓ和Ｔｘ－１００对Ｃ．Ｋ．的活力破坏较小，Ｃ．Ｋ．经Ｃ１２Ｅ７Ｓ和ＴＸ－１００变性     

健康鸵鸟(1～6月龄)38项血清生化参数的测定

建立健康鸵鸟（Ｓｔｒｕｔｈｉｏｃａｍｅｌｕｓ）的血清全套生化参数,采用日本岛津ＣＬ ７２００型全自动生化分析仪,对３０只１～６月龄健康鸵鸟３８项血清生化参数进行测定．结果如下：（１）血清蛋白参数／ｇ·Ｌ－１：ＴＰ３１．８２,ＡＬＢ１５．４１,ＧＬＯ１６．１８（ＡＬＢ／ＧＬＯ０．９５）,Ａｐｏ Ａ１０．１２,Ａｐｏ Ｂ０．１４（Ａｐｏ Ａ１／Ａｐｏ Ｂ０．８０）;（２）血清酶参数／ｕ·Ｌ－１：ＡＬＴ１４．３,ＡＳＴ４５６．８（ＡＬＴ／ＡＳＴ０．３８）,ＧＧＴ３．４,ＬＤＨ１６０３．１,ＣＫ３９３６．８,ＣＫ ＭＢ１４３０．８,ＡＭＹ３４１５．１,ＡＫＰ５７１．７,ＨＢＤＨ３７３．３;（３）血清糖、蛋白质、脂类及其代谢产物参数／ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１：ＧＬＵ９．４１,ＴＲＩ１．９７,ＢＵＮ０．９４,ＬＤＬ２．１９,ＨＤＬ１．５４,ＣＨＯ３．５８（ＨＤＬ／ＣＨＯ０．４１）;ＣＲＥ１２．６５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１（ＢＵＮ／ＣＲＥ０．０６３）,ＵＡ５０５．２４μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＴＢＡ３７．１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＴＢＩＬ５．３２μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＤＢＩＬ３．２１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＩＢＩＬ２．０８μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,ＴＴＴ４．１２ｕ;（?     

不同化性亚洲玉米螟性信息素分析

通过气相色谱分析得出：发生在吉林省东、中、西部３个生态区的一、二化性玉米螟的性信息素组份中的（Ｚ／Ｅ）－１２－１４：ＯＡｃ异构体的相对经例没有显著变异。公主岭一化性玉米螟性信息素中含量Ｅ－１２－１４：ＯＡｃ的比例为４６．１８％,敦化一人性玉米螟为４３．４７％;公主岭二化性玉米螟为４５．９３％,白城二化性玉米螟为５０．５５％,。玉米螟发生期以人工配制的不同顺反异构体比例诱芯的田间诱蛾试验证明,诱芯中     

枣粘虫性信息素的结构鉴定、合成与应用研究

本研究工作表明枣粘虫性信息素为一元不饱和十二碳烯醇乙酸脂的多元体系。经触角电位和大田生测证明, E9 —— C12 :OA C +Z9——C12:OAC有强烈的诱蛾活性,在两者比例为8:2时诱蛾效果最佳。我们用此最佳比例于1983年初在我国首次合成了枣粘虫性诱剂——聚乙烯塑料管诱蕊。通对人工合成性诱剂的活性测定、诱蛾效果比较、剂量筛选,持效期鉴定,测报上的应用以及迷向法、诱捕法防治试验等工作,明确了枣粘虫性诱剂具有诱蛾活性强,不污染环境无残毒,有利于保护天敌,对人畜安全,经济简便等优点,当前在害虫的预测预报中有极重要的利用价值,是一种无公害的害虫防治新技术。在害虫综合治理中具有独特的作用。     

沙柳木蠹蛾性信息素的化学合成

沙柳木蠹蛾是荒漠区灌木林的主要钻蛀性害虫之一,可利用性信息素对其进行生物防治。对沙柳木蠹蛾的性信息素主成分顺-7-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯(Z7-14:OAC)和顺-5-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯(Z5-14:OAC)进行了立体选择性合成,其中,Z7-14:OAC采用炔化物反应引入炔基,经过顺式或反式还原得到相应的不饱和醇类化合物,再酯化为所需的乙酸酯;Z5-14:OAC的合成是将四氢吡喃直接开环制得溴代戊醇乙酸酯,再通过Wittig反应与正壬醛偶联成不饱和酯类化合物。产物经红外光谱仪(IR)和气质联用(GC-MS)确认,可用于该虫的诱杀、交配干扰和虫情测报。     

枣粘虫性信息素研究进展及应用效果

从１９７６年至今,对枣粘虫性信息素的成分、结构进行了测定;人工合成了枣粘虫性信息素并制成聚乙烯塑料管诱芯;还系统地研究了枣粘虫性信息素的化学通讯系统、雄蛾对性信息素组分的风洞行为反应、雌蛾性信息素腺体结构、成虫触角感受器、性行为时辰节律以及性诱剂推广应用效果等。     

Analysis of sex pheromone production and field trapping of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) in Xinjiang,China

Identifying the sex pheromone systems of local pest populations facilitates their management, especially for moth species that show significant geographic variation in sex pheromone communication. We investigated the pheromone production and behavioral responses of the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée; ACB) in Xinjiang, China. The ACB produces three compounds:(Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(Z12-14:Ac) and(E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate(E12-14:Ac)which are two sex pheromone compounds, and n-te...     

华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素组分的分离与鉴定

对华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素活性腺体和非活性腺体的甲醇提取液分别进行了 GC分析 ,筛选出与活性有关的组分 A。经 GC- MS分析数据库检索鉴定 A为 1个环状二肽。人工合成这种环状二肽及与其有关的甘氨酸甲酯等 4种氨基酸酯 ,作为华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素的候选化合物。将候选化合物纯化后进行室内活性测定 ,结果表明 ,甘氨酸甲酯可激活华北大黑鳃金龟雄虫的性行为 ,是华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素的组分     

枣粘虫成虫性引诱的初步研究

枣粘虫是我国红枣产区的重要害虫。为探求防治新途径,对成虫生物学与性引诱进行了初步研究。枣粘虫一年发生三代,各代成虫发生的始、盛、末期分别为:第一代3/上——4/上—4/下;第二代6/上——6/中——6/下;第三代7/上——7/下——8/中。雌雄性比在0.86∶1和1.19∶1之间。一般雄蛾羽化早於雌蛾。95％以上成虫集中于早晨5——8时进行交尾。雌雄多次交尾,雌蛾平均1.48次,雄蛾3次。成虫寿命一般为一周左右,雌蛾寿命长於雄蛾。田间性诱试验表明:活雌蛾性诱以3头和5头的雌当量效果最好;粗提液以乙醚为溶剂的诱蛾数量最高;摘取腺体以羽化后48小时摘取的诱捕效果较好。通过对雌蛾性腺体所产生的性信息素进行EAG——GC以及色质联仪分析,初步确定枣粘虫性信息素的成份是一元不饱和十二碳烯醇乙酸酯的多元体系。经微量臭氧化测定,双键位置在7位和9位。田间生测表明以反、顺——9——十二碳烯醇酯(E、Z——9—C_(12)∶OAC)在比例为80∶20和83∶17时对雄蛾的诱捕效果最高。     

固相微量萃取法在棉铃虫性信息素研究中的应用

简要介绍了固相微量萃取法在棉铃虫性信息索研究中的技术要点。初步比较了单个腺体提取法与固相微量萃取法在分析棉铃虫性信息索时的差异。气相色谱分析表明，固相微量萃取法收集的性信息素各组分的含量明显低于单个腺体提取法提取的性信息素各组分的含量，而且出现了一个保留时间较迟的含量较大的一个组分。各组分间的相对比例较高。统计分析表明，两种方法的收集的性信息素各组分的相对含量和比例差异极显著（P＜0．01）。     

Development of a high-efficiency sex pheromone formula to control Euproctis pseudoconspersa

The tea tussock moth (Euproctis pseudoconspersa) is one of the most destructive chewing pests in tea plantations and causes a serious allergic reaction on the skin of tea plantation workers. The sex pheromone components of its Japanese population were first identified as 10,14-dimethylpentadecyl isobutyrate (10Me14Me-15:iBu) and 14-methylpentadecyl isobutyrate (14Me-15:iBu), with a stereogenic center. Only 10Me14Me-15:iBu has been identified in the Chinese E. pseudoconspersa population. However, field tests have shown that 10Me14Me-15:iBu cannot meet the demand of effective pest control in China. To develop a high-efficiency E. pseudoconspersa sex pheromone formula, electroantennogram (EAG) recordings of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of 10Me14Me-15:iBu and 14Me-15:iBu were obtained in the present study. The results demonstrated that the EAG responses of male antennae to (R)-enantiomers were significantly higher than responses to the (S)-enantiomers, and 14Me-15:iBu also elicited EAG activity. Field tests showed that the catch numbers of male moths by (R)-enantiomers were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of (S)-enantiomers. Addition of 14Me-15:iBu significantly increased the catch numbers of both the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers. The efficient pheromone formula containing 0.75 mg (R)-10Me14Me-15:iBu and 0.1 mg 14Me-15:iBu showed significantly higher attractiveness than commercial pheromone products. Our study demonstrated that (R)-10Me14Me-15:iBu was the major sex pheromone component of E. pseudoconspersa, and 14Me-15:iBu might be the minor sex pheromone component. Furthermore, a high-efficiency sex pheromone formula for E. pseudoconspersa control was defined in this study.     

A larval specific OBP able to bind the major female sex pheromone component in Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)

Odorant binding proteins(OBPs) in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors(ORs) located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP c DNA, namely Sexi OBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR(q PCR) measurement indicated that Sexi OBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of Sexi OBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, Sexi OBP13 displayed a high binding affinity(Ki=3.82 μmol L–1) to Z9,E12–14:Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles(Ki27 μmol L–1). The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12–14:Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that Sexi OBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.     

Chemical mimicry: bolas spiders emit components of moth prey species sex pheromones

Field studies have indicated that bolas spiders attract male moth prey, apparently by mimicking the odor of female moth sex pheromones. Three moth sex pheromone compounds, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenal, were identified in volatile substances emitted by hunting adult female Mastophora cornigera spiders. These compounds are components of pheromone blends that attract some of this spider's moth prey species.