The ras oncogenes increase the intrinsic resistance of NIH 3T3 cells to ionizing radiation

Identification of genes that function to protect cells from radiation damage is an essential step in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mammalian cells cope with ionizing radiation. The intrinsic radiation resistance (D0) of NIH 3T3 cells was markedly and significantly increased by transformation with ras oncogenes activated by missense mutations. This radiobiologic activity appeared to be a specific consequence of the ras mutations rather than of transformation, since revertant cells that contained functional ras genes (but were no longer phenotypically transformed) retained their increased D0's.     

血管紧张素II对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响

为探讨血管紧张素II（angiotensin II,AngII）对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响,采用鸡尾酒法诱导3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化,并用油红O染色法和还原型烟酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸（nicotinamide-adenine dinuceotid,NADH）氧化速率法检测了3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化过程中胞浆脂质的累积和甘油磷酸脱氢酶（glycerol phosphatedehydrogenase,GPDH）的活性。结果表明,100 nmol/L的AngII可显著增大3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化过程中胞浆脂质累积和GPDH活性（P〈0.01）,外源性AngII可促进3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的分化,增加脂肪细胞中脂类合成和储存。     

红景天提取物对3T3-L1脂肪细胞增殖及细胞分化的影响

[目的]应用3T3-L1前脂肪细胞株,分析红景天提取物(Rhodiola rosea L.herb extract,RRLHE)对3T3-L1细胞增殖和分化的作用。[方法]使用油红O染色法对红景天提取物干预分化的细胞进行评估并定量分析脂肪细胞分化程度。通过逆转录多聚酶联反应(RTPCR)来检测脂肪细胞分化相关基因过氧化物体增殖剂活化受体γ(PPARγ)、CAAT/增强子结合蛋白α(C/EBPα)mRNA的表达。[结果]红景天提取物能显著抑制3T3-L1细胞增殖和向成熟脂肪细胞分化,另外,红景天提取物能显著提高3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的葡萄糖摄取和利用率,红景天提取物明显抑制PPARγ、C/EBPαmRNA表达,与对照组比较,差异显著(P0.01)。[结论]红景天提取物对3T3-L1细胞增殖和分化均有抑制作用,并能提高3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的葡萄糖摄取和利用率,其影响机制与钝化PPARγ、C/EBP-αmRNA的表达有关系。     

青钱柳低聚糖对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖分化及相关基因表达的影响

探讨青钱柳低聚糖(Cyclocarya paliurus oligosaccharide,CPO)对3T3-L1脂肪细胞增殖分化及相关基因表达的影响。采用水提醇的方法得到青钱柳初多糖,经D301-R大孔吸附树脂和DEAE纤维素阴离子交换树脂分离纯化,收集CPO作用于3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,并采用Q-PCR测定相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisomes proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)和CAAT/增强子结合蛋白α(CAAT/enhancer binding proteinα,C/EBPα)mRNA表达。结果表明:CPO含有2个组分,其重均分子量分别为3 842 Da和1 481 Da;CPO在低浓度时能促进脂肪细胞的增殖,高浓度时能抑制脂肪细胞的增殖;对脂肪细胞分化的影响较小。CPO可抑制PPARγ和C/EBPαmRNA表达,与对照组比较差异有极显著性意义(P0.01)。表明高浓度的CPO抑制脂肪细胞增殖分化水平,其机制可能与抑制PPARγ和C/EBPαmRNA表达有关。     

Elevated levels of glucose transport and transporter messenger RNA are induced by ras or src oncogenes

An accelerated rate of glucose transport is among the most characteristic biochemical markers of cellular transformation. To study the molecular mechanism by which transporter activity is altered, cultured rodent fibroblasts transfected with activated myc, ras, or src oncogenes were used. In myc-transfected cells, the rate of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake was unchanged. However, in cells transfected with activated ras and src oncogenes, the rate of glucose uptake was markedly increased. The increased transport rate in ras- and src-transfected cells was paralleled by a marked increase in the amount of glucose transporter protein, as assessed by immunoblots, as well as by a markedly increased abundance of glucose transporter messenger RNA. Exposure of control cells to the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 18 hours had a similar effect of increasing the rate of glucose transport and the abundance of transporter messenger RNA. For ras, src, and TPA, the predominant mechanism responsible for activation of the transport system is increased expression of the structural gene encoding the glucose transport protein.     

Commitment of mouse fibroblasts to adipocyte differentiation by DNA transfection

Cells of the mouse cell line 3T3-F442A can be induced by various hormones to differentiate into adipocytes, whereas cells of 3T3-C2, a subclone of 3T3, cannot. However, transfection of DNA from uninduced 3T3-F422A cells into 3T3-C2 cells permits recovery of 3T3-C2 transfectants that differentiate into adipocytes in the presence of insulin. DNA isolated from human fat tissue, when transfected into 3T3-C2 mouse cells, also gives rise to mouse transfectants that are induced to differentiate into adipocytes by the addition of insulin. Apparently, transfection of a trans-regulatory gene (or genes) from 3T3-F442A or human fat cells into 3T3-C2 cells is sufficient to commit 3T3-C2 cells to adipocyte differentiation.     

Transformation and plasmacytoid differentiation of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts by ras oncogenes

The biological effects of ras oncogene activation in B cells were studied by using amphotropic retroviral vectors to introduce H- or N-ras oncogenes into human B lymphoblasts immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus. Expression of both H- and N-ras oncogenes led to malignant transformation of these cells, as shown by clonogenicity in semisolid media and tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. In addition, terminal differentiation into plasma cells was detectable as specific changes in morphology, immunoglobulin secretion, and cell surface antigen expression. This combined effect, promoting growth and differentiation in human lymphoblasts, represents a novel biological action of ras oncogenes and has implications for the pathogenesis of terminally differentiated B-lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma.     

甘薯sporamin蛋白对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化和增殖的影响

 【目的】探讨甘薯sporamin蛋白对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化与增殖的影响,为开发预防和治疗肥胖、糖尿病的保健食品提供理论依据。【方法】采用硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换、凝胶过滤层析的方法对‘55-2’甘薯中的sporamin蛋白进行分离纯化。然后,以黄连素为阳性对照,用不同浓度sporamin（0、0.025、0.125、0.250、0.500、1.000 mg?ml-1）处理3T3-L1前脂肪细胞。采用油红O染色和比色定量检测细胞内脂肪生成及细胞分化程度,以MTT法检测细胞的增殖。【结果】经离子交换、凝胶层析可纯化出高纯度的sporamin蛋白A和B（相对分子量分别为31 kD和22 kD）。与空白相比,用不同浓度的sporamin蛋白处理后,3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的分化受到明显抑制。当sporamin蛋白浓度增至0.500 mg?ml-1时,脂滴生成量明显减少,洗脱液吸光度值降至最低为0.35（P＜0.05）。此外,高浓度的sporamin蛋白能有效地抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的增殖,且随着处理时间延长抑制效果更加明显(P＜0.05).【结论】甘薯sporamin蛋白能抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的分化和增殖,具有潜在的减肥作用。     

芦笋提取物抗氧化和抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化活性研究

目的 研究芦笋提取物的抗氧化能力和抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的活性。方法 采用乙醇回流提取,通过酸碱处理,制备得到芦笋提取物;利用紫外分光光度法测定提取物中的酚酸含量（以没食子酸计）;采用DPPH法测定提取物清除自由基的活性;通过CCK8法及油红O染色法分别检测芦笋提取物对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞存活率及分化率的影响。结果 芦笋提取物中以没食子酸计的酚酸含量为0.5308 mg/mg;测得提取物清除自由基活性强弱与剂量成正相关,当其浓度达到2 mg/mL时,其对DPPH的清除率可达89.68%;在10~200μg/mL的测定浓度范围内,提取物对3T3-L1细胞生存率无明显影响,对3T3-L1细胞的分化有明显抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。结论 芦笋提取物具有较好清除自由基的活性,且活性强弱呈剂量依赖关系;芦笋提取物具有抑制前脂肪细胞分化的能力,且随剂量升高而增大。     

儿茶素单体对3T3-L1细胞损伤的保护与修复作用

探讨了4种儿茶素单体对Na2S2O4诱导的3T3-L1细胞缺氧损伤和H2O2诱导的细胞氧化损伤的保护与修复作用。体外培养3T3-L1细胞,利用Na2S2O4诱导细胞缺氧损伤和H2O2诱导细胞氧化损伤,采用先加入诱导剂后加入儿茶素单体和先加入儿茶素单体后加入诱导剂两种处理方式,MTT法检测3T3-L1细胞存活率的变化。结果表明,先加入诱导剂可严重损伤3T3-L1细胞,再加入4种儿茶素单体均能对3T3-L1细胞进行修复,显著地提高细胞的存活率;而先加入4种儿茶素单体再加入诱导剂,细胞受损程度则显著降低,表明4种儿茶素单体对3T3-L1细胞缺氧或氧化损伤都具有较好的保护与修复作用。     

The Differentiation-and Proliferation-Inhibitory Effects of Sporamin from Sweet Potato in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of sporamin on the differentiation and proliferation of 3T3-LI preadipocytes, providing the theoretical basis for the development of food to treat obesity and diabetes, The isolation and purification of sporamin from sweet potato species 55-2 were performed by ammonium sulphate precipitation in combination with ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. With berberine as a positive control, different concentrations ofsporamin （0.000, 0.125, 0.025, 0.250, 0.500, and 1.000 mg·mL^-1 were used to treat 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Intracellular fat accumulation and the degree of adipogenesis were quantified using Oil Red O staining and colorimetry, Preadipocytes differentiation was measured by 3（4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） spectrophotometric assay. Two sporamin proteins, which were separated into sporamin A （31 kD） and sporamin B （22 kD）, could be purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. After being treated by different concentrations of sporamin, the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was significantly inhibited, compared with the positive control. When the sporamin solution concentration was 0.500 mg mL-1, the accumulation of lipid droplets within the cells was significantly decreased and the optical density （OD） value of the solution from destained Oil Red O reached to 0.35, which was the lowest value （P〈 0.05）. The proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was significantly inhibited by treating at higher sporamin concentrations. In addition, the inhibitory effect was more obvious with the prolonged treatment time （P〈 0.05）. The differentiation and proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes could be inhibited significantly by the addition of higher concentration sporamin. It was, therefore, suggested that the sporamin was potentially effective for weight loss.     

茶多酚与茶黄素对前旨肪细胞3T3-L1增殖与分化的影响

利用MTT法检测了经不同浓度茶多酚和茶黄素复合物处理24h后的3T3-L1细胞的存活率,倒置显微镜观察细胞的外观形态,油红O染色法检测细胞的分化程度,并检测了分化成熟的3T3-LI细胞内的甘油三酯含量、结果表明:经茶多酚与茶黄素处理后,3T3-L1细胞的存活率明显下降,且以60μg/mL的浓度处理时,细胞存活率最低;贴壁细胞数量明显减少,贴壁细胞变大变圆;茶多酚与茶黄素明显抑制了3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的分化,分化细胞内甘油三酯的含量明显降低.表明茶多酚与茶黄索对前脂肪细胞3T3-L1的增殖和分化具有较好的抑制作用.     

蛔虫体腔液对3T3-L1细胞分化和凋亡的作用

为了探讨蛔虫体腔液(Ascaris body cavity fluid,ABF)对小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化过程的作用,揭示ABF对机体脂类代谢的影响.本试验采用半定量聚合酶链式反应技术(RT-PCR)检测前脂肪细胞分化相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖剂活化受体γ(Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,PPARγ)、GAPDH mRNA的表达;流式细胞技术(FCM)检测ABF对3T3-L1细胞凋亡的影响.结果表明:1 000μg/mL的ABF明显降低前脂肪细胞分化相关基因PPARγ mRNA的相对表达,与对照相比,差异极显著(P＜0.01).在3T3-L1分化过程中加入1 000 μg/mL ABF可增加细胞的凋亡.表明一定浓度的ABF对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化具有明显的抑制作用,并且能够诱导3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化过程中的细胞凋亡,提示ABF能够抑制前脂肪细胞转化为脂肪细胞,可能具有调控脂类代谢以及控制高脂血症相关疾病的潜力.     

Enhanced motility in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts that overexpress gelsolin.

Increasing the content of the actin-binding protein gelsolin in cultured mouse fibroblasts by up to 125 percent by gene transfection proportionally enhanced the rate at which the cells migrated through porous filters toward a gradient of serum and closed a wound made on a confluent monolayer of cells in a tissue culture dish. These results provide direct evidence that gelsolin, which promotes both actin assembly and disassembly in vitro, is an important element in fibroblast locomotion and demonstrate that the manipulation of intracellular machinery can increase cell motility.     

小鼠SOCS3基因真核表达载体的构建及其对3T3-L1细胞凋亡的影响

【目的】探讨SOCS3对3T3-L1细胞凋亡的影响。【方法】以小鼠脂肪组织提取的RNA为模板,用RT-PCR扩增SOCS3基因,将其克隆至pMD18-T Simple,构建pMD18-T-SOCS3重组质粒,经测序验证后,以pMD18-T-SOCS3为模板扩增SOCS3基因,将其克隆至pEGFP-N1,构建真核重组质粒pEGFP-N1-SOCS3,测序正确后,将重组质粒pEGFP-N1-SOCS3转染3T3-L1细胞,荧光下观察GFP的表达,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测细胞内SOCS3mRNA和蛋白的表达,观察细胞凋亡的变化。【结果】测序表明,pMD18-T-SOCS3和pEGFP-N1-SOCS3的核苷酸序列正确率为100%;在荧光显微镜下发现,脂质体组和SOCS3组均有GFP的表达;RT-PCR和Westernblotting检测表明,3T3-L1细胞中SOCS3mRNA表达显著提高(P<0.05);Hoechst 33258染色发现,SOCS3组的细胞凋亡显著;Bax和c-myc基因的mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),bcl-2和mcl-1基因表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】SOCS3对脂肪细胞凋亡的发生有促进作用。     

Induction of membrane ruffling and fluid-phase pinocytosis in quiescent fibroblasts by ras proteins

Expression of the ras oncogene is thought to be one of the contributing events in the initiation of certain types of human cancer. To determine the cellular activities that are directly triggered by ras proteins, the early consequences of microinjection of the human H-ras proteins into quiescent rat embryo fibroblasts were investigated. Within 30 minutes to 1 hour after injection, cells show a marked increase in surface ruffles and fluid-phase pinocytosis. The rapid enhancement of membrane ruffling and pinocytosis is induced by both the proto-oncogenic and the oncogenic forms of the H-ras protein. The effects produced by the oncogenic protein persist for more than 15 hours after injection, whereas the effects of the proto-oncogenic protein are short-lived, being restricted to a 3-hour interval after injection. The stimulatory effect of the ras oncogene protein on ruffling and pinocytosis is dependent on the amount of injected protein and is accompanied by an apparent stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity. These rapid changes in cell membrane activities induced by ras proteins may represent primary events in the mechanism of action of ras proteins.     

不同生物素水平对3T3-L1脂肪细胞脂肪合成相关基因转录表达的影响

【目的】诱导3T3-L1细胞分化为3T3-L1脂肪细胞,研究不同生物素水平对3T3-L1脂肪细胞脂肪合成相关基因转录表达的影响。【方法】利用三联诱导法将3T3-L1细胞经诱导分化为3T3-L1脂肪细胞。当3T3-L1脂肪细胞密集后分别采用0(对照组)、0.2、0.5、1 μmol/L生物素处理,分别在12 h、24 h与48 h时检测细胞上清液中PK mRNA、GLUT-4 mRNA、FAS mRNA及ACC1 mRNA相对表达量。【结果】在试验12 h时:各试验组GLUT-4、PK、ACC1 mRNA相对表达量均极显著(P＜0.01)高于对照组,1 μmol/L组与0.5 μmol/L组FAS mRNA相对表达量极显著(P＜0.01)高于对照组与0.2 μmol/L组;在试验24 h时:1 μmol/L组GLUT-4 mRNA与PK mRNA相对表达量显著(P＜0.05)高于对照组,1 μmol/L组ACC1 mRNA相对表达量极显著(P＜0.01)高于对照组,0.2 μmol/L组与0.5 μmol/L组ACC1 mRNA相对表达量显著(P＜0.05)高于对照组;在试验48 h时:1 μmol/L组GLUT-4 mRNA相对表达量显著(P＜0.05)高于对照组,1 μmol/L 组PK mRNA相对表达量极显著(P＜0.01)高于对照组,0.5 μmol/L组FAS mRNA相对表达量极显著(P＜0.05)高于1 μmol/L组,1 μmol/L组FAS mRNA相对表达量显著(P＜0.05)高于对照组,1 μmol/L组ACC1 mRNA相对表达量极显著(P＜0.01)高于其它组。【结论】生物素的添加可以提升脂肪细胞GLUT-4、PK、FAS与ACC1 mRNA相对表达量,且当以1 μmol/L浓度作用时对GLUT-4、PK与ACC1提升效果最佳,以0.5 μmol/L浓度作用时对FAS提升效果最佳。     

猪Klf4、Klf5、Klf7和Egr2基因扩增及在前脂肪细胞3T3-L1中的表达

KLFs(Kruppel-like factors)家族和Egr2(Early growth response factor 2)是真核生物中广泛存在的锌指类基础调控因子,在各类细胞的增殖分化和组织发育中起关键作用,在此研究它们在3T3-L1前脂肪细胞中的表达差异。以肝脏cDNA为模板,扩增猪Klf4、Klf5、Klf7和Egr2部分编码序列,通过半定量RT-PCR进一步检测它们在胰岛素和盐酸克伦特罗刺激下的前脂肪细胞3T3-L1细胞中的表达差异。结果表明,试验扩增到了长度分别为1 387bp、767 bp、518 bp和959 bp的猪Klf4、Klf5、Klf7和Egr2的部分编码序列,并通过与GenBank序列比对加以确认,在胰岛素和盐酸克伦特罗刺激的3T3-L1前脂肪细胞中检测到了它们部分表达,胰岛素刺激Klf4的表达,而抑制Klf5和Egr2的表达;盐酸克伦特罗刺激Klf5的表达,抑制Egr2的表达,对Klf4表达影响则随着浓度的升高由刺激变为抑制;而Klf7在3T3-L1前脂肪细胞中则检测不到有效表达。     

BMP4在诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向生殖细胞分化中的作用

为了探讨骨形态发生蛋白4(bone morphogenetic protein 4,BMP4)在诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)向生殖细胞分化中的作用,将全骨髓培养法获取小鼠BMSCs,在含10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)的DMEM培养液中培养传代;取生长状态良好的第三代(P3)BMSCs,分别添加不同浓度(5、10、20、40和80ng·mL~(-1))的BMP4作为实验组,未添加BMP4为对照组。4d后,MTT法和台盼蓝染色检测细胞的增殖率和存活率,实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测生殖细胞阶段特异性基因(Oct4、Dazl、Fragilis、Mvh、Nobox、Stella、Stra8和Gdf9)的表达。结果发现,BMP4浓度为5~20 ng·mL~(-1)时细胞存活率和增殖率最高;BMP4浓度为20 ng·mL~(-1)组Mvh、Fragilis、Oct-4、Dazl及Stella表达水平最高,均显著高于对照组(P0.05);Nobox表达水平则在BMP4浓度40ng·mL~(-1)组最高,且各浓度组均显著高于对照组(P0.05);各浓度BMP4组Stra8和Gdf9的表达水平均与对照组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。此结果提示,BMP4浓度在20 ng·mL~(-1)时,BMSCs的存活率、增殖率及原始生殖细胞特异性基因的表达最高;BMP4在诱导间充质干细胞向生殖细胞分化过程中起重要作用。