哺乳期补饲代乳品对仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究哺乳期补饲代乳品对仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的影响,并探讨代乳品对缩短仔猪断奶日龄的可行性。选用120头（12窝）5日龄、平均体重（3.12±0.63）kg的仔猪,随机分为两组,每组60头（6窝,每窝为1个重复）。对照组补饲教槽料至28日龄断奶;试验组补饲代乳品和教槽料（代乳品：教槽料=1：1）至21日龄断奶,断奶后继续饲喂代乳品和教槽料至28日龄;28日龄后试验组和对照组饲喂相同日粮至70日龄。结果显示：①整个试验期,两组仔猪在5、21、28和70日龄时体重差异均不显著（P>0.05）;在5~21、22~28和5~28日龄阶段,试验组仔猪平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均极显著或显著高于对照组（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;而在22~28日龄阶段,试验组平均日增重（ADG）极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。②试验组仔猪保育期的日粮总能（GE）、干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）和粗脂肪（EE）的消化率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。③在70日龄时,两组仔猪各项血清生化指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,补饲代乳品可显著增加哺乳期仔猪的采食量,同时促进保育期仔猪对日粮中营养物质的消化吸收。从保育期末体重来看,哺乳期补饲代乳品的仔猪提前至21日龄断奶是可行的。     

液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响

为研究液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响,试验选用平均体重为(2.63±0.15)kg(、14±2)日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,进行57d对比试验。试验分为3个阶段:14～28日龄,对照组饲喂基础粉状日粮,试验组饲喂相同饲料原料组成、相当营养水平的液态饲料;29～45日龄,所有试验用仔猪均饲喂第2阶段粉状日粮;46～70日龄,所有试验仔猪均饲喂第3阶段粉状日粮。分别于45日龄和70日龄早8:00空腹对所有试验仔猪前静脉采血,测定血清生化指标。试验结果发现,与对照组相比,液态饲料总体上使血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和IgG含量显著升高,白球比、血清尿素氮显著降低。     

日粮添加不同植物精油制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道消化酶活力及血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响

[目的]探究日粮中添加不同工艺制备的植物精油对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道消化酶活力和血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响。[方法]将198头平均体重为（5.687±0.761）kg的21日龄杜×长×大三元健康断奶仔猪随机分为3组,每组11个重复,每个重复6头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个试验组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加300 g/t的微囊缓释植物精油和300 g/t的混合植物精油,饲喂试验周期为21 d。计算各组仔猪在22～28日龄、29～35日龄、36～42日龄阶段的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比,以及22～42日龄阶段的腹泻率。试验第21天采集各组仔猪十二指肠食糜,测定肠道胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活力;饲喂试验结束时,采集各组仔猪血样,制备血清,采用ELISA法检测血清IgG、IgM、IgA含量。[结果]在22～28日龄以及29～35日龄阶段,与对照组相比,添加2种植物精油均具有提高平均日增重和平均日采食量、降低料重比的趋势（P>0.05）。在36～42日龄阶段,微囊缓释植物精油组仔猪的平均日增重显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,料重比显著（P<0.05）低于对照组;混合植物精油...     

博落回散对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究博落回散对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选用21日龄、体重相近的杜×长×大断奶仔猪92头,随机分为2个处理组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+50 mg/kg博落回散,试验期为32 d。结果表明,试验组仔猪较对照组平均日采食量提高3.96%(P<0.05),平均日增重提高9.08%(P<0.05),料肉比降低4.67%。由此可见,博落回散按50 mg/kg剂量添加到仔猪饲料中能提高断奶仔猪的生长速度,有效缓解断奶应激。     

羔羊超早期断奶饲喂试验研究

对20只羔羊进行了超早期断奶和代乳料饲喂试验,结果表明:从10日龄到35日龄,试验组生长一直较缓慢,而对照组则生长迅速;在35到55日龄,试验组日增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),在55到75日龄,试验组日增重极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).在整个试验阶段,试验组日增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),75日龄全部断奶时对照组平均体重低于试验组3 kg.同时,在整个试验阶段,试验组和对照组主要体尺差异均不显著.说明对羔羊实施超早期一次性断奶是可行的,代乳料对羔羊发育没有产生阻碍,能满足羔羊早期生长发育的需要.     

断奶仔猪日粮中添加加酶益生素的效果

文章介绍了关于益生素的基本内容及加酶益生素对断奶仔猪产生的影响,并针对断奶仔猪生产性能进行了对照试验,进行了使用加酶益生素饲喂断奶仔猪的试验。通过在基础日粮中添加加酶益生素比较其对断奶仔猪的生长性能、腹泻及料重比的影响。试验选用了体质健康的28日龄断奶仔猪40头,随机分成两组,Ⅰ组(试验组)20头,Ⅱ组(对照组)20头。Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加0.4%的加酶益生素,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮,研究加酶益生素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:Ⅰ组仔猪63日龄时的平均体重为16.8kg,腹泻的发生率为2.9%;Ⅱ组仔猪63日龄时的平均体重为15.4kg,腹泻发生率为18.3%。     

仔猪3周龄断奶与母猪繁殖利用强度的探讨

为使母猪由年产不足2胎提高到年产2.5胎左右,同时在不增加总饲料量和总费用的前提下,有效地增殖仔猪头数,自1980年开始,连续进行了两年母猪繁殖力的小群对比试验,试验组仔猪于3周(21日)龄断奶,对照组仔猪于6周(42日)龄断奶。1983年进行了仔猪3周龄断奶生产示范性的中间试验。 试验证明,在不用任何乳制品及油脂类饲料的条件下,母猪每胎的产仔数、仔猪成活数及生长速度等各项指标,均不受哺乳期长短的影响,两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。仔猪于3周龄断奶时,母猪可年产2.5胎,每头母猪年产体重20千克的仔猪数,试验组约为22头,对照组约为16头,两组差异极显著(P<0.01)。此外,3周龄断奶的每头母猪比年产2胎的母猪每年还可增加经济收益90元左右。     

当归对冷应激断奶仔猪生理机能的影响

选取25日龄断奶的大约克仔猪96头,胎次相似,体重一致,随机分为4组,C组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,L、M、N组在基础日粮基础上分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%的中草药当归,对猪进行冷应激。试验结果表明,各试验组猪只体重及平均日增重均高于对照组,NO含量显著降低,GSH-Px活性及白细胞和红细胞的数量明显升高,表明中草药当归对断奶仔猪有明显的抗冷应激及促生长作用。     

谷氨酰胺对免疫应激仔猪生产性能的影响

为了深入了解免疫应激导致感染和炎症的机制,试验采用2×2析因设计因子试验设计,选用(28±2)d的大白×约克夏断奶仔猪96头,平均体重(7.24±0.36)kg,按体重相近的原则随机分为4组,1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,在断奶后第7天按体重注射100μg/kg生理盐水;2组为免疫应激组,饲喂基础日粮,在断奶后第7天按体重注射100μg/kg脂多糖;3组为谷氨酰胺组,饲喂谷氨酰胺浓度为1.2%的日粮,在断奶后第7天按体重注射100μg/kg生理盐水;4组为谷氨酰胺+免疫应激组,饲喂谷氨酰胺浓度为1.2%的日粮,在断奶后第7天按体重注射100μg/kg脂多糖.结果表明:免疫应激使动物生产性能下降,而添加谷氨酰胺使免疫应激仔猪日增重、日采食量提高(P<0.01),料重比下降(P<0.01);日粮加应激交互作用对仔猪日增重、采食量、料重比的影响均不显著.     

按周龄改变饲粮营养水平与结构对早期断奶仔猪生产性能及经济效益的影响

为探讨按周饲养模式对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和经济效益的影响 ,选用杜长大仔猪 5 6头 ,按体重、性别分成试验组和对照组 ,每组 4个重复 ,每个重复 7头猪 (初始重 =8.10± 0 .75kg)做一对比试验 ,试验期 2 8天。仔猪 4周龄断奶后 ,试验组第 1周喂 1号料 ,第 2周喂 2号料 ,第 3～ 4周喂 3号料 ,对照组则全期饲喂 2号料。结果表明 :试验组全期日采食量超过对照组 13 .0 6% ;全期日增重未受影响 ;饲料转化率前期表现较好 ,超过对照组 3 1.0 6% (第 1周 )和 10 .42 % (第 2周 ) ;后期较差 ,比后者低 3 6.67% (第 3周 )和 12 .71% (第 4周 )。表明该模式能降低生产成本 ,并在一定程度上改善早期断奶仔猪生产性能     

The effect of combined antibiotic and immune prophylaxis against atrophic rhinitis on the body weight of swine

In a natural outbreak of Atrophic Rhinitis, the weaned piglets were divided into four groups. Group 1 (10 weaned piglets); Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i. m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. The piglets received 0.2 ml each of Pargenta 50 (= 10 mg Gentamycin) k. m. on the third, fifth and seventh days after birth. The piglets were fed a food containing 10 ppm Gentamycin base during the 6 weeks following their weaning. Group 2 (10 weaned piglets); Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i. m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. The piglets received 0.2 ml each of Pargenta 50 (= 10 mg Gentamycin) i. m. on the third, fifth and seventh days after birth. Group 3 (10 weaned piglets); Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i. m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. Group 4 (10 weaned piglets, untreated, experimental control group). The results were during the growing period (from 12.3 kg to 32-34.9 kg) and during the finishing period (from 32-34.9 kg to 100 kg) evaluated. Group 1 showed significantly better food conversion and daily weight gain in both periods when compared to the other groups. Although the difference of daily weight gain between Group 1 and Groups 2 and 3 where diminished by 4.34% respectively 1.72%.     

The prevention of atrophic rhinitis of swine

In a pig breeding unit that for years had been infected with Atrophic Rhinitis, the weaned piglets were divided into four groups. Group 1 (10 weaned piglets) --Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i.m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. --The piglets received 0.2 ml each of Pargenta 50 (= 10 mg Gentamycin) i.m. on the third, fifth and seventh days after birth. --The piglets were fed a food containing 10 ppm Gentamycin-base during the 6 weeks following their weaning. Group 2 (10 weaned piglets) --Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i.m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. --The piglets received 0.2 ml each of Pargenta 50 (= 10 mg Gentamycin) i.m. on the third, fifth and seventh days after birth. Group 3 (10 weaned piglets) --Their mother was vaccinated with 2 ml Rhinipig i.m. 3 weeks prior to farrowing. Group 4 (10 weaned piglets, untreated, experimental control group) After 6 weeks of treatment, Group 1 showed significantly better food conversion and daily weight gain when compared to the other groups.     

互助县现代畜牧业生产发展现状和建议

畜牧业是新农村建设的萤要组成部分,加快农区畜牧业发展对于调整农业产业结构,发展农村经济,增加农民收入,加快新农村建设步伐,实现小康社会具有十分重要的意义。当前,随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展和西部大开发战略的有效实施,互助县畜牧业进入了一个新的发展时期,我们既面临着良好的发展条件和机遇,也面临着新的挑战和问题。为抓住机遇,实现畜牧业发展的新突破,推动新农村建设．提出以下建议和思路,以供参考。     

乳酸杆菌、抗生素及其合用对断奶仔猪生长和消化的影响

选择(杜×大×长)三元杂交28日龄健康断奶仔猪72头,分成3个处理,每处理4个重复。研究了基础日粮中添加黄霉素(10 mg/kg)、复合乳酸杆菌(0.25%)及两者合用(10 mg/kg黄霉素+0.25%复合乳酸杆菌)对断奶仔猪生长和养分消化率的影响。结果显示,3个处理组仔猪日均耗料无显著差异(P>0.05)。乳酸杆菌组仔猪平均日增重极显著高于其他2组(P<0.01),黄霉素组和合用组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。乳酸杆菌组料重比极显著低于黄霉素组(P<0.01),与合用组无显著差异(P>0.05);3个处理组仔猪在粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、钙和总磷表观消化率方面均无显著差异(P>0.05),其中以乳酸杆菌组最高。结果表明,日粮中添加复合乳酸杆菌能显著提高断奶仔猪日增重和饲料转化效率,具有改善养分表观消化率的趋势,复合乳酸杆菌和黄霉素联合使用,降低了单独使用复合乳酸杆菌的效果。     

早期断奶仔猪的能量、蛋白和赖氨酸需要量研究

用72头3周龄断奶仔猪探讨5.5-12公斤仔猪日粮的蛋白质和赖氨酸的适宜水平;用30头猪做消化代谢试验,探讨仔猪对各种营养成分公的消化率。结果表明:赖氨酸和蛋白水平对仔猪日增重有显著的影响,而对氮沉积、赖氨酸消化率及干物质消化率无显著影响。采食含19％粗蛋白、1.08％赖氨酸日粮仔猪的全期日增重较高(272克)。在此增重水平下,每日需1860千卡消化能,100.7克粗蛋白和5.88克赖氨酸。     

Plasma Cortisol and Behaviour in Early Weaned Piglets

Comparisons were made of Cortisol concentration and behavioural activity between piglets weaned at 3 weeks of age (early weaned piglets), and piglets weaned at 8 weeks of age (control piglets). Early weaned littermates were placed in cages with a floor area of either 0.20 m² per piglet or 0.15 m² per piglet. At 8 weeks of age, the piglets in the control litters were moved from the sow and early weaned piglets were moved from the cages. All litters were placed in pens, 1 pen for each litter. Radioimmunoassay was used for plasma Cortisol determination. Behavioural activity included determination of play, aggressive behaviour and non-nutritive oral activity. Statistical analysis for possible association between plasma Cortisol concentration and age, housing conditions, litter and sequence of capture of littermates for blood collection revealed a complex pattern. Generally, higher plasma Cortisol concentrations and more aggressive and non-nutritive oral activity, but less playing activity, were associated with early weaning. Plasma Cortisol concentration in individual piglets was positively correlated to both aggressive and non-nutritive oral behaviour, but was negatively correlated to playing behaviour. It is concluded that early weaning is a stressor.     

发酵豆粕“肽多乐”对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用40日龄杜×大×长三元杂交仔猪240头,按窝别、性别、体重相近的原则分为3组,即试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组4个重复,试验Ⅰ组为对照组,试验Ⅱ组添加6%的大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC),试验Ⅲ组添加8%的肽多乐,试验共进行30d。结果表明:肽多乐提高了断奶仔猪的日增重和日采食量(P<0.05);试验猪的腹泻率和死淘率显著降低(P<0.05);经济效益得到明显提高。     

Can outdoor rearing and increased weaning age compensate for the removal of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters and zinc oxide?

This experiment determined whether delayed weaning and outdoor rearing could compensate for the removal of antimicrobials from piglet diets. One hundred and sixty litters of Large White (75%) × Landrace (25%) pigs on the same unit were reared either indoors (In) or outdoors (Out) and weaned at either 4 or 6 weeks of age into flat deck accommodation onto diets supplemented with either no antibiotic growth promoters and no zinc oxide (Un) or 40 mg avilamycin and 3.1 g zinc oxide/kg diet (S). Piglet performance was monitored to 8 weeks of age. A proportion of litters (25%) were sampled to investigate the effect of the different treatments on gut development. Mortality was higher in the first 24 h of life for Out piglets which subsequently grew faster to weaning. This was not simply due to smaller litter size as total litter gain was higher in outdoor litters. All piglets responded positively to antimicrobial supplementation post weaning regardless of rearing environment and weaning age and this was the biggest influence on post weaning performance. Outdoor piglets grew faster than indoor piglets post weaning (295 versus 242 ± 8.6 g/pig/day for the first 2 weeks post weaning, P < 0.001) and over the same period 6 week weaned piglets grew faster than 4 week weaned (324 versus 213 ± 8.6 g/pig/day, P < 0.001), however, when compared at similar age, 6 week weaning was detrimental to piglet growth with average daily gain (adg) from 4 to 8 weeks of age 310 g/pig/day versus 329 for 4 week weaned piglets (P = 0.001). At 8 weeks of age the outdoor 6 week weaned unsupplemented piglets had similar average weight to the indoor 4 week weaned supplemented piglets indicating the potential of this combination to counteract the need for antimicrobials, however the benefit was due to enhanced weaning weight not to improved post weaning performance.     

女贞子萃取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能及血清生化指标的影响

试验选择健康的28日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪(杜×长×大)96头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪。研究不同添加水平0(对照组),0.05%,0.1%,0.2%的女贞子萃取物(LLE)对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加不同水平LLE有提高断奶仔猪日增重、采食量,降低料重比的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%LLE,均能在一定程度上改善仔猪组织和血清的抗氧化功能。(3)饲粮中添加0.2%LLE可显著提高断奶仔猪血清葡萄糖(GLU)水平(P<0.05),反映其可促进糖类吸收,改善糖代谢。     

Temporal changes in carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets in response to glucocorticoid administration and weaning age

Two experiments were conducted that demonstrated that a single injection of hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HYD, 25 mg/kg BW) administered to 6-d-old nursing piglets resulted in a twofold elevation (P less than .02) of pancreatic amylase within 2 d; activity was unaffected by an injection of 15 IU adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/kg BW (P greater than .20). Intestinal sucrase and maltase activity tended to be elevated (P less than .20) 2 and 4 d postinjection with HYD but returned to normal (uninjected) levels by 14 d of age. The normal decline of intestinal lactase activity was delayed by at least 4 d in response to both hormones (P less than .10). Organ weights were not affected by either hormone. In a separate experiment, postweaning mortality was reduced (12 vs 27%) and growth rate was substantially improved by administration of HYD to piglets 4 and 2 d prior to weaning at 14 d of age. Hydrocortisone resulted in a faster rate of gain the 1st wk postweaning for pigs weaned at 21 or 28 d. Subsequent gain by control and HYD piglets weaned on d 21 was similar, but HYD subsequently impaired growth rate of piglets weaned at 28 d of age. Growth rates of control and ACTH piglets were similar at each postweaning period regardless of weaning age (weaning age [lin.] x week postweaning [quad.] x treatment, P less than .07). This differential treatment response of daily gain may be due in part to effects on feed intake (weaning age [lin.] x week postweaning [lin.] x treatment, P less than .10). We conclude that a single injection of HYD to 6-d-old piglets precociously induces pancreatic amylase and that the sensitivity of piglets to HYD is age-dependent.