贵州省羊口疮的调查研究

对贵州省的5个养羊大县羊只发生的羊口疮进行了确诊。流行病学调查显示,任何年龄的黑马羊、沿河黑山羊、麻江黄羊和波尔山羊均可感染羊口疮,发病率为2.2%～17.7%。病死率为0～51.4%;发病部位可分为唇形、乳房型、外阴型和混合型,其中以唇形较为常见;患病皮肤在光学显微镜下可见细胞发生"气球样变";电子显微镜观察到卵圆形的线团样病毒粒子;PCR扩增出507bp的特异性条带。通过流行病学调查、临床症状、病理剖检变化可对该病作出初步诊断,经病理组织切片镜检、电镜负染和PCR方法确诊为羊口疮。     

金堂黑山羊传染性脓疱的病理组织学观察和病毒分子检测

为确定四川成都某羊场黑山羊发病的病原并探讨其病理变化特点，本试验观察了患病羊的临床症状及剖检变化，制备了其唇、舌、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏的病理组织切片，观察其病理变化；并对患病羊的口唇病料样品进行羊传染性脓疱病毒(CEV)F1L基因的PCR检测。剖检结果显示，患病金堂黑山羊口、唇出现大小不等的丘疹、溃疡和脓疱；心包积液、出血；肾脏、脾脏肿大、淤血。病理组织学检查结果显示，病变唇、舌部表皮棘细胞大量增生，棘细胞空泡变性、网状变性、气球样变性，胞浆内可见嗜酸性病毒包涵体；心肌细胞排列紊乱，心肌纤维肿胀，成纤维细胞增多；肝细胞水肿，空泡变性；脾淋巴鞘增厚，血窦扩张、充血；肺泡扩张、破裂，肺泡壁变薄。PCR检测结果显示，患病羊口唇病料样品扩增出大小为230 bp的F1L基因片段；测序后BLAST比对显示，该基因序列与GenBank中登录的羊传染性脓疱病毒F1L基因序列同源性达99%。上述结果表明，该羊场此次发病由CEV感染引起，且CEV主要侵害金堂黑山羊唇、舌部的上皮组织，并且可造成心肌细胞肿胀、肝细胞变性、脾窦充血、肺泡扩张等病理损伤。本试验结果为CEV的诊断与治疗提供了科学依据。     

凉山半细毛羊羊毛鳞片层微细结构的研究

培育中的凉山羊细毛羊羊毛鳞片层细胞，为多角形或多边形，呈覆瓦状排列在毛干上。鳞片细胞表面可见细小的纵向辉纹，个别鳞片细胞局部有凹槽或洞穴，有的鳞片有明显的裂口和细小的皲裂以及鳞片剥离等损伤。个别毛纤维局部呈结节状膨大、变细变等形。     

试验性羊泰勒虫病的病理学观察

对用羊泰勒虫单一种人工感染的试验羊进行了病理学观察。结果显示，试验羊的可视黏膜苍白，皮下脂肪胶样水肿，全身淋巴结、心、肝、脾、肺和肾均有不同程度肿胀；实质器官组织变化的主要特征为明显的增生和巨细胞结节形成；淋巴结的窦内皮与网状细胞明显增生，甚至形成团块和条索；淋巴与网状内皮细胞中可见到裂殖体；脾还可见到坏死结节；肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞和间质细胞也明显增生；肝窦内皮的增生特别明显，甚至形成细胞条索；与淋巴结、脾、肾一样，肝小叶内同样有巨细胞结节形成，在上述巨细胞结节中均可在细胞浆中发现裂殖体；大脑中主要表现血管内皮与小胶质细胞增生。     

羊传染性脓疱病毒的分离与鉴定

对采自松原市的疑似羊接触传染性脓疱性皮炎的羔羊病料,用犊牛睾丸原代细胞进行病毒分离培养,观察细胞病变;将出现病变的病毒细胞培养液接种家免和羔羊后,出现典型羊接触传染性脓疱性皮炎的临床症状;对病毒细胞培养液的电镜观察,发现了副痘病毒,证明确为羊传染性脓疤性病毒。     

INHA在多浪羊和卡拉库尔羊卵巢的定位

为从形态学角度理解内分泌调节过程,揭示抑制素对绵羊卵巢调节作用机制,对多浪羊和卡拉库尔羊卵巢中抑制素分布进行免疫组化SP方法定位。分别选取相邻的5张连续切片,电镜观察,图像分析。结果显示:多浪羊、卡拉库尔羊抑制素阳性物质主要见于膜细胞和细胞间质。多浪羊与卡拉库尔羊在其初级卵泡和次级卵泡中抑制素的阳性细胞率显著高于原始卵泡和成熟卵泡(P0.05),且抑制素水平在腔前卵泡之前达到高峰,随后下降。     

淫羊藿苷诱导mESCs分化为心肌样细胞的研究

本研究探讨了淫羊藿苷(Icariin,ICA)对小鼠胚胎干细胞(Mouse embryonic stemcells,mESCs)定向分化为心肌样细胞的效果。试验以mESCs分化培养液为空白对照组,分别添加淫羊藿苷10-6mol.L-1(ICA1)、10-7mol.L-1(ICA2)、10-8mol.L-1(ICA3)3个剂量为试验组,对诱导后培养4周的mESCs采用免疫细胞化学法鉴定诱导后细胞中肌动蛋白T(cTnT)的表达,并计算心肌样细胞分化率;采用RT-PCR鉴定诱导后mESCs中心肌特异性基因MLC-2v、α-MHC、β-MHC、Nkx2.5、GATA-4的表达。结果在诱导后细胞中有心肌特异性蛋白cTnT表达;ICA2组分化率显著高于对照组和其他剂量组;且诱导后细胞有心肌特异性基因MLC-2v、α-MHC、β-MHC、Nkx2.5、GATA-4表达。结果表明,ICA可在体外诱导mESCs定向分化为心肌样细胞,10-7mol.L-1ICA为最佳诱导浓度。     

绵羊口腔黏膜溃烂病病理组织学观察

按50～60个/只每天给6只试验羊饲喂草原毛虫,观察草原毛虫对羊口腔黏膜的影响,并进行剖检和病理组织学观察,与自然发病羊进行对比,以探索家畜口腔黏膜溃烂病的病因。结果表明,试验羊在连续饲喂8 d后舌表面出现黑斑,试验第13天舌面黑斑处溃烂出血,和自然发病羊的口腔变化相同;病理组织学观察发现在实验羊和自然发病羊舌组织内有均质染色的异物,咖啡色,异物边缘不整齐,有倒刺,横切异物环状,中空,纵切异物较长,周围有大量淋巴细胞、上皮样细胞和少量异物巨噬细胞浸润,其他脏器组织均有不同程度的病变,证实试验羊和自然发病羊舌组织内中空具有倒刺的异物是草原毛虫,为引起口腔黏膜溃烂的主要病因。     

流产衣原体研究进展

流产衣原体(Chlamydia abortus)属于衣原体科(Chlamydiaceae)、衣原体属(Chlamydia),系一类细胞内寄生的革兰阴性原核型微生物。流产衣原体导致羊的流产、死胎,严重威胁养羊业。流产衣原体不仅可以感染羊,还可以感染怀孕妇女。在病原的诊断方面,分子生物学技术因其快速与相对灵敏性的优点得到快速发展,然而细胞分离培养仍然是鉴定流产衣原体的"金标准"。在防治方面,疫苗免疫是预防流产衣原体的理想措施,在我国流产衣原体灭活疫苗已获得国家一类新兽药证书并可以为羊提供有效地免疫保护。疫苗与抗菌药物的合理使用可以为羊群提供很好的保护。     

羊口疮病的诊断与防治对策分析

总结羊口疮病的诊断与防治对策。观察羊口疮病样的临床症状,采用病原学等方法进行科学准确的诊断,并积极进行药物治疗。积极进行羊口疮病的诊断和防治能有效降低羊口疮病的传播感染,为养殖户饲养羊提高可靠保障,提高羔羊存活率。     

Poxvirus infection in a cat with presumptive human transmission

The present report describes a case of generalized cowpox virus infection with necrotizing facial dermatitis in a cat and a likely transmission to an animal keeper. The viral aetiology was confirmed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, PCR, virus isolation, DNA sequencing and electron microscopy. Histopathological examination of the cat's skin revealed a severe, necrotizing dermatitis with ballooning degeneration and hyperplasia of epithelial cells with pathognomonic cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Additionally, at post-mortem examination, a systemic poxvirus infection was detected affecting pancreas, thymus, lymph node, liver and lung. The human patient's skin biopsy revealed an ulcerative dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia and ballooning degeneration. Serological investigation displayed a high orthopoxvirus-specific antibody titre in the human patient. Environmental factors increase the natural reservoir host population for cowpox viruses, such as voles, which results in a higher risk of infection for cats and subsequently for humans. Due to this zoonotic potential, a cowpox virus infection must be considered as an aetiological differential in cases of necrotizing dermatitis in cats.     

Spontaneous pustular dermatitis in a newborn piglet associated with a poxvirus

Poxvirus was recovered from pustular skin lesions in a newborn piglet. The lesions were present at birth, suggesting transplacental infection had occurred. The lesions were circular, 1 cm in diameter, and were found over the entire skin surface, bulbs of the heels, coronets, tongue and buccal mucosa. Histologically, cells in the stratum intermedium were undergoing ballooning degeneration and necrosis, coalescing to form vesicles. The lumen of vesicles was filled with fluid and inflammatory cells. Degenerating epithelial cell nuclei were often vacuolated and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were in many ballooned cells. The size and morphology of the virions recovered from vesicular fluid, place them in the poxvirus group.     

Papovavirus induced feather abnormalities and skin lesions in the budgerigar: clinical and pathological findings

Feather abnormalities and skin lesions caused by a papovavirus infection in budgerigars are described. Diseased one to 15 day old birds displayed a lack of nestling down feathers and filoplumes on the head and neck. Survivors older than 15 days exhibited retarded growth and temporary absence of feathers variable from bird to bird. Several birds between 15 and 25 days of age had flight feathers with total absence or marked sparseness of the vanes. After 25 days, feathers began to grow, although the tail and/or some flight feathers of some of the birds remained underdeveloped or absent for several weeks. Several of these affected birds were unable to fly and are called “runners”

Microscopic lesions in the feather follicles of the affected birds less than 15 days of age, were characterized by focal, multifocal or diffuse ballooning degeneration in the lateral and axial plate cells of the barb ridges with the presence of large basophilic or amphophilic intranuclear inclusions in the same cells. Focal areas of ballooning degeneration with intranuclear inclusions were also found in the epidermis. Clinical observations made on these birds are compared with those reported in the literature for French molt.

     

Association of Reoviridae particles in an enteric syndrome of poults observed in turkey flocks during 1988

An enteric syndrome of turkey poults, characterized by enteritis, crop mycosis, intestinal changes (pale, thin-walled ballooning with watery contents), and rickets, occurred during 1988 in 74 turkey flocks from different farms belonging to 9 California turkey growers. The flocks ranged in size from 9,000 to 120,000 birds. Pools of intestine sections from 618 birds, representing 78 field cases, were examined. Histopathological examination of the intestines showed a mild to severe atrophy with a reduced depth of crypts, which was more prominent in the distal part of the small intestine. Viral isolation attempts with primary cell cultures of chicken embryo kidney cells were negative. Examination by electron microscopy of negatively stained intestinal specimens revealed the presence of Reoviridae particles of 58.8 to 80 nm in diameter. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results on the intestinal pools for mammalian and group A avian rotaviruses were negative. A statistically significant relationship was found for the presence of Reoviridae particles in the intestines of 10-21-day-old birds. Of the 7 most common pathological conditions analyzed, 2, rickets and intestinal changes (thin-walled ballooning intestine with watery contents), showed a statistically significant association with the presence of Reoviridae particles.     

Pathologic changes of experimental simian varicella (Delta herpesvirus) infection in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)

Gross and microscopic lesions of experimental simian varicella (Delta herpesvirus) infection in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) are described. In stratified squamous epithelium, such as the epidermis, tongue, and esophagus, focal areas of epidermal hyperplasia, ballooning degeneration, and blood-filled vesicle formation with ulceration were apparent. Most visceral organs were involved, and the changes included necrosis, hemorrhage, and characteristic intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in a variety of cells. A generalized vascular involvement was present with intranuclear inclusions in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells in various organs. The nervous system was normal on gross and microscopic examination. Virus titer and serum transferase values were correlated with the clinical signs of infection.     

Raccoonpox in a Canadian cat

Poxvirus infections affecting the skin of cats are extremely rare in North America, in contrast to Europe where cowpox virus is well recognized as an accidental pathogen in cats that hunt small rodents. The virus or viruses responsible for the anecdotal cases in North America have never been characterized. This paper reports a case of raccoonpox infection in a Canadian cat. Biopsy of the initial ulcerative lesion on the forepaw revealed ballooning degeneration of surface and follicular keratinoctyes. Infected cells contained large eosinophilic type A inclusions. Electron microscopic examination revealed virions of an orthopoxvirus, subsequently identified as raccoonpox by polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing. The cat made a full recovery.     

Skin lesions caused by orthopoxvirus infection in a dog

A seven-year-old male dobermann was presented for examination of a non-pruritic ulcerated lesion occurring at the site of a suspected rat bite on the muzzle. Biopsy revealed focal ulcerative dermatitis, with cells in the epidermis, follicular infundibula and interposed sebaceous glands undergoing ballooning degeneration and containing large acidophilic intracytoplasmic structures resembling poxvirus inclusion bodies. The diagnosis of orthopoxvirus infection was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The biopsy site healed uneventfully, without evidence of recurrence or development of further cutaneous or internal lesions, and a serum sample collected eight weeks after first presentation had a low titre of poxvirus antibodies. This report demonstrates that orthopoxvirus infection should be considered as a cause of ulcerative skin lesions in dogs, particularly if there has been recent contact with rodents or other small mammals.     

学校音乐教育与和谐社会关系研究

学校音乐教育的最终目的是培养和谐的人,而和谐社会的最基本的构成细胞也是和谐的人。学校音乐教育与和谐社会这两个表面上看似完全属于不同范畴的概念,由于一个共同的联系对象：“和谐的人”的存在,实质上具有了相当紧密和必然的联系。     

Effect of rotavirus and/or Escherichia coli infection on the aggregated lymphoid follicles in the small intestine of neonatal gnotobiotic calves

The effect of rotavirus and/or Escherichia coli infections on the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE or M cells) of the domes of the aggregated lymphoid follicles (ALF, or Peyer's patches) of gnotobiotic calves was evaluated by light, scanning electron, transmission electron, and immunofluorescence microscopies. Calf rotavirus (CRV) infection produced loss of FAE cell microvilli, and virions were observed in cytoplasmic vacuoles of FAE cells, as well as in intercellular spaces between FAE cells and lymphoid cells migrating through the dome epithelium. The CRV particles appeared to have entered the FAE cells by phagocytosis, with no subsequent cytoplasmic replication. Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) induced more severe alterations including marked microvilli loss and ballooning in the FAE cells. There was no adhesion to, or colonization of FAE cells by ETEC, but bacteria were observed free or phagocytized within the dome and the germinal centers of the ALF. There were no ETEC observed in the cytoplasm of FAE cells. The presence of nonenterotoxigenic E coli (NETEC) in the intestine of calves had no effect on the intestinal FAE cells. The addition of NETEC to CRV infections did not enhance or modify in any way the response of FAE cells to the viral infection; however, the combination of CRV + ETEC produced severe necrosis of the FAE cells, and loss of dome epithelium of ALF.     

卫星搭载对羊草种子萌发及细胞学效应的研究

试验研究了"实践八号"航天育种卫星搭载羊草种子后的萌发及根尖细胞学效应。结果表明:太空诱变后羊草种子的萌发能力降低,但与对照差异不显著(P>0.05);太空诱变促进了羊草根尖细胞的有丝分裂活动,分裂指数较对照增加24.17%;太空诱变使羊草根尖细胞在有丝分裂过程中产生微核、染色体断片、染色体粘连、落后染色体、游离染色体等畸变类型。其中,单微核是主要的核畸变类型,染色体断片为主要的染色体畸变类型。"实践八号"卫星搭载对羊草根尖细胞有明显的诱变效应。